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Górski K, Borowska M, Turek B, Pawlikowski M, Jankowski K, Bereznowski A, Polkowska I, Domino M. An application of the density standard and scaled-pixel-counting protocol to assess the radiodensity of equine incisor teeth affected by resorption and hypercementosis: preliminary advancement in dental radiography. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:116. [PMID: 37559089 PMCID: PMC10413604 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) syndrome is a dental disease where the radiographic signs may be quantified using radiographic texture features. This study aimed to implement the scaled-pixel-counting protocol to quantify and compare the image structure of teeth and the density standard in order to improve the identification of the radiographic signs of tooth resorption and hypercementosis using the EOTRH syndrome model. METHODS AND RESULTS A detailed examination of the oral cavity was performed in 80 horses and maxillary incisor teeth were evaluated radiographically, including an assessment of the density standard. On each of the radiographs, pixel brightness (PB) was extracted for each of the ten steps of the density standard (S1-S10). Then, each evaluated incisor tooth was assigned to one of 0-3 EOTRH grade-related groups and annotated using region of interest (ROI). For each ROI, the number of pixels (NP) from each range was calculated. The linear relation between an original X-ray beam attenuation and PB was confirmed for the density standard. The NP values increased with the number of steps of the density standard as well as with EOTRH degrees. Similar accuracy of the EOTRH grade differentiation was noted for data pairs EOTRH 0-3 and EOTRH 0-1, allowing for the differentiation of both late and early radiographic signs of EOTRH. CONCLUSION The scaled-pixel-counting protocol based on the use of density standard has been successfully implemented for the differentiation of radiographic signs of EOTRH degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Górski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Borowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bernard Turek
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pawlikowski
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jankowski
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bereznowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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Bishop IT. Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:971886. [PMID: 36277061 PMCID: PMC9581279 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.971886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this observational study, oral examinations and full-mouth dental radiographs were performed on 248 horses presented for routine oral health care. The findings were assessed to determine how often disease was diagnosed by radiographs without having related findings on oral examination. In 50 horses (20%), there were radiographic signs of disease that would not have been predicted based upon the oral examination. 113 horses (46%) had oral examination findings that would have prompted dental radiography, according to the criteria of the study. Of these 113 horses, 24 (21%) had radiographic signs of disease that would have been missed if only targeted radiographs had been taken, rather than a full-mouth survey.
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Fairburn AJ, Meehan LJ, Roberts VLH. Computed tomographic findings in 101 horses presented for the investigation of headshaking. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Fairburn
- Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol Somerset UK
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth Kent UK
| | - Lucinda Jayne Meehan
- Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol Somerset UK
- VetCT, St. John's Innovation Centre Cambridge UK
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Peffers A. Clinical insights: Equine dentistry in 2022. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:841-843. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Peffers
- North Wales Equine Dental Practice Wrexham Flintshire UK
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5
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Amitrano FN, Shaw K, De Gasperi D, Henry T, Brounts SH. Standing Intraoral Extraction of the Right Mandibular Third Molar Tooth in a Cow Utilizing Tooth Sectioning. J Vet Dent 2021; 39:71-77. [PMID: 34918557 DOI: 10.1177/08987564211065129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old Holstein heifer presented to a university teaching hospital with an apical tooth infection of the right mandibular third molar. A standing oral extraction technique was attempted for tooth removal; however, the molar could not be delivered intact. A tooth sectioning technique was performed, and the affected molar was successfully delivered. Three months postextraction, the heifer had fully recovered, and the extraction site had healed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of a tooth extraction in a cow using a tooth sectioning technique. This case describes an alternative technique for tooth removal in cattle with an apical tooth infection. The clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this case may be helpful to clinicians when they approach similar cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Shaw
- 5228University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Travis Henry
- Midwest Veterinary Dental Services, Elkhorn, WI, USA
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Rowley KJ, Townsend NB, Chang YMR, Fiske-Jackson AR. A computed tomographic study of endodontic and apical changes in 81 equine cheek teeth with sagittal fractures. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:541-548. [PMID: 34060137 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sagittal fractures of equine cheek teeth are commonly observed during oral examination. There are few reports on the apical and endodontic pathology associated with such fractures seen during computed tomographic (CT) examination. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to document the prevalence of CT changes indicative of apical disease in equine cheek teeth, which have suffered a sagittal fracture involving the clinical ± reserve crown. STUDY DESIGN This study is a retrospective case series. METHODS CT examinations of equine heads with sagittal fractures of cheek teeth present were reviewed: 81 teeth from 49 horses were identified to have a sagittal cheek tooth fracture. The images were evaluated for apical pathology including gas (in the endodontic system and periapically), widened periodontal space, periapical sclerosis, apical clubbing, cementoma/hypercementosis, lamina dura loss, associated sinusitis and sinus mucosal swelling. An apical infection grading system was created to give each tooth a score. Hounsfield units were used to measure the density of the endodontic, apical and periapical regions. The fracture length ratio was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalised estimating equation to evaluate predictors of apical infection and associations between clinical signs and CT abnormalities. RESULTS Eighty-seven sagittal fractures (56 buccal, 17 palatal/lingual and 14 midline) from 81 teeth were recorded (74 maxillary and 7 mandibular). Apical infection was diagnosed in 73% (37/51, P = .05) of buccal, 55% (6/11, P = .07) of palatal/lingual, 100% (13/13) of midline, 100% (6/6) of multiple fractures and 96% (23/24, P = .008) of fractures involving infundibula. There was no significant relationship between apical infection and the presence of clinical signs associated with dental pathology (P = .4). There was no significant association between fracture length ratio and apical infection (P = 1.0). Midline sagittal fractures were significantly associated with sinusitis when compared with all other maxillary fractures (odds ratio [OR] 5.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-20.83, P = .006). Loss of the lamina dura was not significantly associated with apical infection (P = .5). MAIN LIMITATIONS There is a maxillary cheek tooth bias in the data set and the subjective grading system. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of fractured cheek teeth have evidence of apical infection on CT examination and therefore warrant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Mei R Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, Research Support Office, London, UK
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van Zadelhoff C, Liuti T, Dixon PM, Reardon RJM. Multidetector CT and cone-beam CT have substantial agreement in detecting dental and sinus abnormalities in equine cadaver heads. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:413-420. [PMID: 33987964 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of cone-beam CT (CBCT) systems compared to conventional helical multidetector CT (MDCT) imaging of the equine head is unknown. The aim of this prospective, method-comparison study was to compare the ability of CBCT and MDCT to detect abnormalities in equine cadaver heads. Eleven equine cadaver heads were scanned using a CBCT scanner and a 64-slice MDCT scanner. Consensus evaluations for CBCT and MDCT scans were performed by three observers. Identified abnormalities were grouped into subcategories with a focus on dental abnormalities. Kappa agreement values between detected abnormalities for CBCT and MDCT methods were calculated. Of 468 teeth evaluated, 122 (26.1%) were found to have abnormalities (including in 58 infundibula and 7 pulps) using MDCT and 105 (22.4%) were found to have abnormalities (including in 52 infundibula and 2 pulps) using CBCT. The agreement between CBCT and MDCT was almost perfect for overall detection of dental abnormalities (k = 0.90) with k = 1 for diastema k = 0.95 for clinical crown abnormalities, and k = 0.93 for infundibular abnormalities. However, the detection of pulp changes by CBCT was only moderate k = 0.44. Increased scatter radiation, non-calibrated Hounsfield Unit and artefacts in CBCT images made accurate identification of the pulp density difficult. In conclusion, CBCT results were similar to conventional MDCT for the majority of dental abnormalities, however, pulp abnormalities were not reliably identified using CBCT, potentially limiting its clinical use for detecting endodontic disease in its current form. Further comparison with more cases with confirmed dental disease and studies in clinical cases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia van Zadelhoff
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Estate, Roslin, UK
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Estate, Roslin, UK
| | - Padraic M Dixon
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Estate, Roslin, UK
| | - Richard J M Reardon
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Estate, Roslin, UK
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Earley ET, Galloway SS. Equine Standing Surgical Extraction Techniques. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 36:575-612. [PMID: 33189233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental repulsion techniques reported in the past decades have a high incidence of complications. Although the practice of surgical extractions in horses is limited because of the training, instrumentation, and experience required to perform these techniques, veterinarians should be aware these procedures are available, general anesthesia is not required, and when performed by skilled veterinary dentists they have low complication rates. Surgical techniques are often used after failure of other extraction techniques to remove retained tooth root and fragments or to debride chronically contaminated orofacial lesions. However, surgical extractions should be considered during initial treatment planning of all complicated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Earley
- Large Animal Dentistry, Equine Farm Animal Hospital, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Stephen S Galloway
- Animal Dental Care Specialist, 8565 Highway 64, Somerville, TN 38068, USA
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Dubois BB, Dixon JJ, Witte TH. Assessment of clinical and computed tomographic findings for association with the outcome of intraoral cheek tooth extraction in horses and ponies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1369-1376. [PMID: 31793834 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.12.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and CT findings for horses and ponies undergoing intraoral cheek tooth extraction and assess potential associations between these features and outcome of the procedure. ANIMALS 74 horses and 7 ponies. PROCEDURES Medical records were searched to identify horses and ponies that underwent CT and intraoral extraction of ≥ 1 cheek tooth with standing sedation. Signalment and clinical variables were recorded, and CT scans were reviewed. Anatomic location and measurements of affected teeth; abnormalities of the periodontium, pulp, infundibula, roots, and tooth shape; fracture presence and type; presence of sinusitis; and affected sinus cavities were assessed by a surgeon and a radiologist. Intraoral extraction outcome was recorded as successful (complete removal of the tooth in 1 intraoral extraction procedure) or unsuccessful. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between clinical or CT findings and outcome. RESULTS 89 cheek teeth (80 maxillary and 9 mandibular) were included in the analyses. Sixty of 89 (67%) cheek teeth were extracted successfully (56/80 [70%] maxillary and 4/9 [44%] mandibular cheek teeth). Only presence of a simple fracture (vs no fracture) was associated with outcome on multivariable regression analysis; odds of successful intraoral extraction were significantly lower when this feature was present. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Most extractions of cheek teeth in the study sample were successful, and results may be useful for practitioners in refining cheek tooth extraction plans for horses and ponies. Further studies are required to assess whether specific CT findings can be used to predict the outcome of intraoral extraction in equids.
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Manso‐Díaz G, Taeymans O, García‐López JM, Weller R. Application and indications of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the equine head. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Manso‐Díaz
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - J. M. García‐López
- Department of Clinical Sciences Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts USA
| | - R. Weller
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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11
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Liuti T, Smith S, Dixon PM. A Comparison of Computed Tomographic, Radiographic, Gross and Histological, Dental, and Alveolar Findings in 30 Abnormal Cheek Teeth from Equine Cadavers. Front Vet Sci 2018; 4:236. [PMID: 29354640 PMCID: PMC5760576 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine cheek teeth disorders, especially pulpar/apical infections, can have very serious consequences due to the frequent extension of infection to the supporting bones and/or adjacent paranasal sinuses. Limited studies have assessed the accuracy of computed tomographic (CT) imaging in the diagnosis of these disorders, and no study has directly compared imaging and pathological findings of the alveoli of diseased equine cheek teeth. Objective To validate the accuracy of CT and radiographic imaging of cheek teeth disorders by comparing CT and radiographic imaging, gross and histological findings in abnormal cheek teeth and their alveoli extracted from equine cadaver heads. Study design Ex vivo original study. Methods Fifty-four cadaver heads from horses with unknown histories that had died or been euthanized on humane grounds obtained from a rendering plant had radiography, CT imaging, and gross pathological examinations performed. Based on imaging and gross examination findings, 30 abnormal cheek teeth (26 maxillary and 4 mandibular) identified in 26 heads were extracted along with their dental alveoli where possible, and further CT imaging, gross, and histological examinations were performed. Eight maxillary cheek teeth (including four with attached alveolar bone) from these heads, that were normal on gross and CT examinations, were used as controls. Results Gross pathological and histological examinations indicated that 28/30 teeth, including two supernumerary teeth, had pulpar/apical infection, including pulpar and apical changes. A further supernumerary and a dysplastic tooth were also identified. Abnormal calcified tissue architecture was present in all three supernumerary and in the dysplastic tooth. CT imaging strongly indicated the presence of pulpar/apical infection in 27 of the 28 (96.4%) pulpar/apically infected teeth, including the presence of intrapulpar gas (N = 19/28), apical clubbing (N = 20), periapical halo (N = 4), root lysis or fragmentation (N = 7), and periapical gas (N = 2). Also present were alveolar bone sclerosis (N = 20), alveolar bone thickening (N = 3), and lytic/erosive changes (N = 8). Radiographic abnormalities strongly indicative of pulpar/apical infection including periapical sclerosis (N = 8/28) and apical clubbing (N = 14/28) were found in 14/28 (50%) of apically infected teeth. Histological changes were present in alveolar bone of all 21 cases of apical infection where alveolus remained attached to the tooth and was marked in 16 cases, all which had CT alveolar changes. Histological changes included disruption of the normal trabecular pattern, increased osteoclastic activity, and the presence of islands of bone with a scalloped profile within the thickened attached periodontal ligament. No gross pathological or histological changes were present in the eight control teeth or their alveoli (N = 4). Main limitations No history or breed-related information was available on these cases. Conclusion There was a 96.4% correlation between a CT diagnosis and confirmative pathological findings in 28 apically infected teeth confirming the accuracy of CT imaging in diagnosing equine pulpar/apical infections. There was also excellent correlation between CT and histological alveolar bone findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Liuti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Sionagh Smith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Padraic M Dixon
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
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Liuti T, Smith S, Dixon PM. Radiographic, computed tomographic, gross pathological and histological findings with suspected apical infection in 32 equine maxillary cheek teeth (2012-2015). Equine Vet J 2017; 50:41-47. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Liuti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin UK
| | - S. Smith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin UK
| | - P. M. Dixon
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin UK
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Awad Abd E N, Hamdi Hass M, Mohamed Ab A. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Some Oro-dental Disorders in Donkeys (Equus asinus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2017.268.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Grant MJ, Barnett TP. Iatrogenic fracture of the premaxilla during standing exodontia. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Leonardi Dutra K, Haas L, Porporatti AL, Flores-Mir C, Nascimento Santos J, Mezzomo LA, Corrêa M, De Luca Canto G. Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Conventional Radiography on Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2016; 42:356-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Isgren CM, Townsend NB. The use of radiography for diagnosis of apical infection of equine cheek teeth. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Isgren
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
| | - N. B. Townsend
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
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Barakzai SZ, Barnett TP. Computed tomography and scintigraphy for evaluation of dental disease in the horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. P. Barnett
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre; Newmarket UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- N. du Toit
- Tulbagh Equine Dentistry; Western Cape South Africa
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19
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Manso-Díaz G, García-López JM, Maranda L, Taeymans O. The role of head computed tomography in equine practice. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Manso-Díaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J. M. García-López
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; Massachusetts USA
| | - L. Maranda
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Massachusetts USA
| | - O. Taeymans
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; Massachusetts USA
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20
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Barakzai S. Radiology of equine cheek teeth and sinus disorders. IN PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.g5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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22
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Bühler M, Fürst A, Lewis FI, Kummer M, Ohlerth S. Computed tomographic features of apical infection of equine maxillary cheek teeth: A retrospective study of 49 horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:468-73. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bühler
- Section of Equine Surgery; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Fürst
- Section of Equine Surgery; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - F. I. Lewis
- Equine Department; Section of Epidemiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Kummer
- Section of Equine Surgery; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Ohlerth
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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23
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Barrett MF, Easley JT. Acquisition and interpretation of radiographs of the equine skull. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Barrett
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; USA
| | - J. T. Easley
- Surgical Research Laboratory; Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; USA
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Abstract
Dental and sinus disorders are relatively common and of major clinical importance in equine medicine. Advanced diagnostic imaging has become an integral part of equine veterinary medicine. Advanced imaging has progressed the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of dental- and sinus-related diseases. As a clinician, it is important to realize the value of advanced diagnostic imaging. Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are both significantly more expensive compared with other diagnostic tools, the financial cost of inaccurate diagnosis and treatment can often result in higher overall costs.
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Beccati F, Chalmers HJ, Dante S, Lotto E, Pepe M. DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY AND INTEROBSERVER AGREEMENT OF RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING TROCHLEAR RIDGE OSTEOCHONDROSIS LESIONS IN THE EQUINE STIFLE. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 54:176-84. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Beccati
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportive; Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia; Italy
| | | | - Sara Dante
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportive; Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia; Italy
| | - Eleonora Lotto
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportive; Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia; Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Centro di Studi del Cavallo Sportive; Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia; Italy
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Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend N, Tremaine WH, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ. Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): ancillary diagnostic findings and involvement of the various sinus compartments. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:267-71. [PMID: 21812807 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is a lack of objective information on the value of ancillary diagnostic techniques used to investigate equine sinus disease, and also on which sinus compartments are commonly affected in this disorder. OBJECTIVES To record the ancillary diagnostic findings used to investigate equine sinus disease and to document which compartments are affected. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical case records of 200 consecutive cases of sinus disease, including subacute (<2 months' duration) primary (n = 52); chronic (>2 months' duration) primary (n = 37); dental (n = 40); traumatic (n = 13); sinus cyst (n = 26); sinus neoplasia (n = 10); dental related oromaxillary fistula (n = 8); mycotic sinusitis (n = 7) and intra-sinus progressive ethmoid haematoma (n = 7) were retrospectively examined. RESULTS Nasal endoscopy showed exudate draining from the sino-nasal ostia in 88% of cases and a sino-nasal fistula was present in 15% of cases. Sinoscopy was performed in 79% of cases and was of great diagnostic value. More recently, 22% of cases had fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla performed to allow sinoscopy of the rostral sinus compartments. Radiography was performed in 97% of cases and showed intra-sinus fluid lines to be common (69% prevalence) in subacute primary sinusitis. Radiographic dental apical changes were not specific to dental sinusitis, e.g. 29% of chronic primary sinusitis cases had radiographic dental changes. Scintigraphy was performed in 20% of cases and was helpful in identifying dental apical changes when radiography was inconclusive. Overall, the caudal maxillary (78% involvement) and rostral maxillary (61%) sinuses were most commonly affected, with the ventral conchal sinus (VCS) (54% involvement) and conchofrontal sinuses (48%) less so. The VCS showed the greatest tendency to contain inspissated pus (present in 46% of all affected VCS). CONCLUSIONS Nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy and skull radiography are of great value in diagnosing the presence and causes of equine sinus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Dixon
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland.
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WRIGHT S. Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O'Leary JM, Dixon PM. A review of equine paranasal sinusitis. Aetiopathogenesis, clinical signs and ancillary diagnostic techniques. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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