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Hung CC, Lee CH, Chung CM, Nithiyanantham S, Lane HY, Ko YC. Antidepressant-induced reduction in betel-quid use in patients with depression: A pioneer clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18672. [PMID: 31895834 PMCID: PMC6946344 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel-quid is commonly used around the world and is listed as a Group I carcinogen. Prior research has suggested a possible association between antidepressants and betel-quid use. We aimed to clarify the effects of antidepressant therapy in betel-quid chewers in the population of patients with depression.We enrolled 204 patients with depressive disorders, collected their demographic information, and administered the Substance Use Severity Rating Scale for alcohol, cigarettes, and betel-quid and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. We compared betel-quid and non-betel-quid chewers and examined the effects of antidepressant therapy on betel-quid abstinence after previous exposure to betel-quid.Patients with depression were reported a higher prevalence of 26% betel-quid chewing habits and patients who chewed betel-quid showed more severe depressive symptoms. After antidepressant therapy, the addictiveness of betel-quid was significantly reduced by 4 times.This was a pioneering study showing that antidepressants could be a candidate for betel-quid cessation therapy. Future clinical trials are needed to verify their efficacy in reducing consumption for betel-quid addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chieh Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine Research Center, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Srinivasan Nithiyanantham
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
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Chen PH, Mahmood Q, Mariottini GL, Chiang TA, Lee KW. Adverse Health Effects of Betel Quid and the Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3904098. [PMID: 29376073 PMCID: PMC5742426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3904098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) but also to cause other cancers and adverse health effects. Herein, we summarized the international comparison data to aid in the understanding of the close relationship between the prevalence of BQ chewing, the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers, and adverse health effects. Potential biomarkers of BQ carcinogens, such as areca nut, alkaloids, and 3-methylnitrosaminopropionitrile (MNPN), are closely associated with human health toxicology. Molecular mechanisms or pathways involving autophagy, hypoxia, COX-2, NF-κB activity, and stemness are known to be induced by BQ ingredients and are very closely related to the carcinogenesis of cancers of oral and pharynx. BQ abuse-related monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene was associated with the occurrence and progress of oral and pharyngeal cancers. In summary, our review article provides important insights into the potential roles of environmental BQ (specific alkaloid biomarkers and nitrosamine products MNPN) and genetic factors (MAO) and offers a basis for studies aiming to reduce or eliminate BQ-related OPMD and oral/pharyngeal cancer incidences in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tai-An Chiang
- College of Human Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Shiang, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Wo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Kuo TM, Luo SY, Chiang SL, Lee CP, Liu YF, Chang JG, Tsai MH, Ko YC. Arecoline induces TNF-alpha production and Zonula Occludens-1 redistribution in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:93. [PMID: 25200553 PMCID: PMC4256803 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arecoline, a major alkaloid in Areca nut has the ability to induce oxidative stress. The effect of Areca nut, arecoline on reducing sperm quality and quantity were documented previously using several animal models. Junction disruption by down-regulation of the junction-adhesive protein via oxidative stress is an important route mediating abnormal spermatogenesis. Therefore, in this present study, we investigated the functional role of arecoline on junctional proteins. Results To analyze direct effects of arecoline on testis cells, confluent mouse testicular Sertoli cell line TM4 was exposed to arecoline. Arecoline decreased insoluble zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in TM4 cells, however, arecoline treatment increased TNF-alpha production in both TM4 and monocytic THP1 cells. In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reversed arecoline effects on TNF-alpha and ZO-1. Conclusions Arecoline increases the production of TNF-alpha and induces protein redistribution of ZO-1. All these results explain the role of arecoline in male reproductive dysfunction, besides its cytotoxic induction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0093-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chen PH, Tu HP, Wang SJ, Ko AMS, Lee CP, Chiang TA, Tsai YS, Lee CH, Shieh TY, Ko CH, Chiang SL, Ko YC. Monoamine oxidase A variants are associated with heavy betel quid use. Addict Biol 2012; 17:786-97. [PMID: 21521428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated whether genetic abnormalities predispose individuals to heavy betel quid (BQ) use. One of the major ingredients of BQ, arecoline, is known to affect the expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). We investigated the extent to which arecoline inhibits MAO-A expression and the role of MAO-A polymorphisms in BQ use in Taiwanese aborigines. Cytotoxicity assays, microarrays and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the effects of arecoline and areca nut extract (ANE) on cell viability and MAO-A expression in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. After identifying the effective concentrations of arecoline and ANE in vitro, we examined the in vivo effects of these compounds using a rat model system. Our results indicate that arecoline and ANE inhibit MAO-A expression both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we examined the correlation between plasma MAO-A activity and cumulative exposure to BQ in humans. We recruited 1307 aborigines from a large-scale community-based survey to determine whether MAO-A variants were associated with high BQ use and a preference for use with smoking or alcohol and whether gender bias existed. MAO-A expression was significantly downregulated by arecoline and ANE at 100-200 µg/ml and in rat whole brains on days 30 and 45. MAO-A activity levels in human plasma were positively correlated with the extent of BQ exposure, and individuals with at-risk alleles exhibited lower activity, although this result did not reach statistical significance. We found two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in aboriginal males [rs2283725, odds ratio (OR) = 2.04; rs5953210, OR = 2.03] and females (rs2283725, OR = 1.54; rs5953210, OR = 1.59) that were associated with heavy BQ use. Those individuals carrying at-risk alleles who drank alcohol were twice as likely to be heavy BQ users. However, the effects of these SNPs on BQ use were significant even after controlling for alcohol use. Our results suggest that two specific loci may confer a susceptibility to BQ abuse and affect MAO-A enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Saija A, Princi P, Imperatore C, De Pasquale R, Costa G. Ageing influences haloperidol-induced changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:450-2. [PMID: 1359065 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol on the permeability of the blood-brain barier (BBB) to [14C]α-aminoisobutyric acid was studied in 10–12- and 28–30-week old rats. Following the intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (1 mg kg−1), an increase in the permeability of the BBB, with respect to younger animals, was observed within the occipital cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus in the older rats. No correlation was found between haloperidol-induced changes and age-related differences in the permeability of the BBB. Such age-associated increase in the vulnerability of the BBB when challenged with haloperidol might be related to a deterioration of the dopaminergic control of cerebrovascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saija
- Department Farmaco-Biologico, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Italy
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Schneider MJ. Chapter Two Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: An update. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(96)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Saija A, Princi P, De Pasquale R, Costa G, De Sarro GB. Evaluation of local cerebral glucose utilization and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat. Exp Brain Res 1992; 88:151-7. [PMID: 1541351 DOI: 10.1007/bf02259136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetically epileptic-prone rat (GEPR) is a valuable model for the study of gene-linked abnormalities involved in epilepsy. In comparison with normal Sprague-Dawley controls, we found, in GEPRs, a marked depression in local cerebral glucose utilization, widespread throughout the brain. This depression was accompanied by a significant increase of blood-brain barrier permeability and a reduction in regional blood volume. Finally GEPRs showed lower plasma levels of total triiodothyronine than normal controls. One can speculate that alterations in cerebral metabolism and microvascular regulation and thyroid hormone imbalance may be gene-linked factors involved in seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saija
- Department of Farmaco-Biologico, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Italy
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Leinweber FJ. Drug disposition in the mammalian eye and brain: a comparison of mechanisms. Drug Metab Rev 1991; 23:133-246. [PMID: 1868775 DOI: 10.3109/03602539109029758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Leinweber
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110
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Saija A, Princi P, D'Amico N, De Pasquale R, Costa G. Aging and sex influence the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the rat. Life Sci 1990; 47:2261-7. [PMID: 2266790 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90157-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of aging- and sex-related alterations in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the rat, by calculating a unidirectional blood-to-brain transfer constant (Ki) for the circulating tracer [14C]-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. We observed that: a) the permeability of the BBB significantly increased within the frontal and temporo-parietal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum in 28-30 week old rats, in comparison with younger animals; b) in several brain areas of female intact rats higher Ki values (even though not significantly different) were calculated at oestrus than at proestrus; c) in 1-week ovariectomized rats there was a marked increase of Ki values at the level of the frontal, temporo-parietal and occipital cortex, cerebellum and brain-stem. One can speculate that aging- and sex-related alterations in the permeability of the BBB reflect respectively changes in brain neurochemical system activity and in plasma steroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saija
- Department Farmaco-Biologico, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Italy
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