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Slack RD, Abramyan AM, Tang H, Meena S, Davis BA, Bonifazi A, Giancola JB, Deschamps JR, Naing S, Yano H, Singh SK, Newman AH, Shi L. A Novel Bromine-Containing Paroxetine Analogue Provides Mechanistic Clues for Binding Ambiguity at the Central Primary Binding Site of the Serotonin Transporter. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3946-3952. [PMID: 31424193 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is the primary target for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, the structural basis for the extraordinarily high binding affinity of the widely prescribed SSRI, paroxetine, to human SERT (hSERT) has not yet been fully elucidated. Our previous findings unveiled a plausible ambiguity in paroxetine's binding orientations that may constitute an integral component of this SSRI's high affinity for hSERT. Herein, we investigate factors contributing to paroxetine's high affinity by modifying both the ligand and the protein. We generated a series of bromine (Br)-containing derivatives and found that the one in which the 4-F of paroxetine had been replaced with the chemically similar but more electron-rich Br atom (13) had the highest affinity. By comparatively characterizing the binding of paroxetine and 13 to both wild type (WT) and a construct harboring a paroxetine-sensitive mutation in the binding cavity, we identified a mechanistic determinant responsible for the pose ambiguity of paroxetine, which can guide future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ara M. Abramyan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Helen Tang
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sitaram Meena
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Bruce A. Davis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - JoLynn B. Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington D. C. 20375, United States
| | - Sett Naing
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Satinder K. Singh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Homan KT, Wu E, Wilson MW, Singh P, Larsen SD, Tesmer JJG. Structural and functional analysis of g protein-coupled receptor kinase inhibition by paroxetine and a rationally designed analog. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:237-48. [PMID: 24220010 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we identified the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) that improves cardiac performance in live animals. Paroxetine exhibits up to 50-fold selectivity for GRK2 versus other GRKs. A better understanding of the molecular basis of this selectivity is important for the development of even more selective and potent small molecule therapeutics and chemical genetic probes. We first sought to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying paroxetine selectivity among GRKs. We directly measured the K(D) for paroxetine and assessed its mechanism of inhibition for each of the GRK subfamilies and then determined the atomic structure of its complex with GRK1, the most weakly inhibited GRK tested. Our results suggest that the selectivity of paroxetine for GRK2 largely reflects its lower affinity for adenine nucleotides. Thus, stabilization of off-pathway conformational states unique to GRK2 will likely be key for the development of even more selective inhibitors. Next, we designed a benzolactam derivative of paroxetine that has optimized interactions with the hinge of the GRK2 kinase domain. The crystal structure of this compound in complex with GRK2 confirmed the predicted interactions. Although the benzolactam derivative did not significantly alter potency of inhibition among GRKs, it exhibited 20-fold lower inhibition of serotonin reuptake. However, there was an associated increase in the potency for inhibition of other AGC kinases, suggesting that the unconventional hydrogen bond formed by the benzodioxole ring of paroxetine is better accommodated by GRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoff T Homan
- Life Sciences Institute and the Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences (K.T.H., E.W., P.S., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core and the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.W.W., S.D.L.)
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Sundararaju B, Achard M, Sharma GVM, Bruneau C. sp3 C-H bond activation with ruthenium(II) catalysts and C(3)-alkylation of cyclic amines. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10340-3. [PMID: 21671630 DOI: 10.1021/ja203875d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selective C(3)-alkylation via activation/functionalization of sp(3) C-H bond of saturated cyclic amines was promoted by (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes featuring a bidentate phosphino-sulfonate ligand upon reaction with aldehydes. This highly regioselective sustainable transformation takes place via initial dehydrogenation of cyclic amines and hydrogen autotransfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basker Sundararaju
- UMR6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, Sciences chimiques de Rennes, Catalyse et Organométalliques, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Cossy J. Selective methodologies for the synthesis of biologically active piperidinic compounds. CHEM REC 2005; 5:70-80. [PMID: 15825169 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of optically active substituted piperidines has been achieved by using four different methodologies. The first one is an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of activated alcohol moieties that was used to build up the piperidine ring of (-)-prosophylline and (-)-slaframine, and the second one is a ring-closing metathesis of unsaturated amines which was employed in the synthesis of (+)-sedamine and 4a,5-dihydrostreptazoline. The third methodology is the alpha-functionalization of N-Boc piperidines which was particularly useful in the synthesis of argatroban, and the fourth one is a ring expansion of prolinols to 3-chloropiperidines or 3-hydroxypiperidines which was utilized to synthesize (-)-paroxetine, (-)-pseudoconhydrine, the piperidine ring of (-)-velbanamine and (+)-zamifenacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique associé au CNRS, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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de Gonzalo G, Brieva R, Sánchez VM, Bayod M, Gotor V. Enzymatic alkoxycarbonylation reactions on the intermediate in the synthesis of (−)-paroxetine, trans-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(4′-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxymethylpiperidine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Navrátilová H. Use of S-Mosher acid as a chiral solvating agent for enantiomeric analysis of some trans-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-substituted-1-methylpiperidines by means of NMR spectroscopy. Chirality 2001; 13:731-5. [PMID: 11746811 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
S-Mosher acid 1 induced chemical-shift differences (Delta delta) in NMR spectra of chiral trans-4-fluorophenyl-3-substituted-1-methylpiperidines. The magnitude of Delta delta in (1)H and (19)F NMR spectra varied with the substituent at position 3 of the piperidine ring. The magnitudes of Delta delta observed for certain protons and for the fluorine in the 4-fluorophenyl group were sufficiently large to allow determination of enantiomeric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Navrátilová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Olivier B, Soudijn W, van Wijngaarden I. Serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in the central nervous system and their inhibitors. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2000; 54:59-119. [PMID: 10857386 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8391-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An overview is presented on progress made in the research on neuronal transporters of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the central nervous system. Tools developed by molecular biology, such as expression of cloned transporters, their mutants and chimera in non-neuronal cells offered the opportunity to study the putative domains for binding of substrates and uptake inhibitors and discover factors in the regulation of the transporter function. The study of the distribution of monoamine transporters in human brain became possible by the development of selective radiolabelled transport inhibitors. The relationships between the chemical structure of the uptake inhibitors and the affinity for the monoamine transporters is reported, and the (potential) therapeutic applications of the compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olivier
- Dept. of Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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