1
|
Hsueh NC, Chen SM, Lin CY, Chang MY. HCl-mediated cascade cyclocondensation of oxygenated arylacetic acids with arylaldehydes: one-pot synthesis of 1-arylisoquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1047-1059. [PMID: 33416066 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a concise, open-vessel synthesis of 1-arylisoquinolines is described via HCl-mediated intermolecular cyclocondensation of oxygenated arylacetic acids with arylaldehydes in the presence of NH2OH and alcoholic solvents under mild and one-pot reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed herein. In the overall reaction process, only water was generated as the byproduct. Various environmentally friendly reaction conditions are investigated for convenient transformation via the (4C + 1C + 1N) annulation. This protocol provides a highly effective ring closure via the formations of one carbon-carbon (C-C) bond, two carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds and one carbon-oxygen (C-O) bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chen Hsueh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Mei Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liabeuf S, Stuhl-Gourmand L, Gackière F, Mancuso R, Sanchez Brualla I, Marino P, Brocard F, Vinay L. Prochlorperazine Increases KCC2 Function and Reduces Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3397-3406. [PMID: 28747093 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mature neurons, low intracellular chloride level required for inhibition is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter, KCC2. Impairment of Cl- extrusion after KCC2 dysfunction has been involved in many central nervous system disorders, such as seizures, neuropathic pain, or spasticity, after a spinal cord injury (SCI). This makes KCC2 an appealing drug target for restoring Cl- homeostasis and inhibition in pathological conditions. In the present study, we screen the Prestwick Chemical Library® and identify conventional antipsychotics phenothiazine derivatives as enhancers of KCC2 activity. Among them, prochlorperazine hyperpolarizes the Cl- equilibrium potential in motoneurons of neonatal rats and restores the reciprocal inhibition post-SCI. The compound alleviates spasticity in chronic adult SCI rats with an efficacy equivalent to the antispastic agent, baclofen, and rescues the SCI-induced downregulation of KCC2 in motoneurons below the lesion. These pre-clinical data support prochlorperazine for a new therapeutic indication in the treatment of spasticity post-SCI and neurological disorders involving a KCC2 dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Liabeuf
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Stuhl-Gourmand
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Florian Gackière
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Irene Sanchez Brualla
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Marino
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Brocard
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Vinay
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang L, MacDonald K, Schwiebert EM, Zeitlin PL, Guggino WB. Spiperone, identified through compound screening, activates calcium-dependent chloride secretion in the airway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 296:C131-41. [PMID: 18987251 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene producing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR functions as a Cl(-) channel. Its dysfunction limits Cl(-) secretion and enhances Na+ absorption, leading to viscous mucus in the airway. Ca2+-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) are coexpressed with CFTR in the airway surface epithelia. Increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) activate the epithelial CaCCs, which provides an alternative Cl(-) secretory pathway in CF. We developed a screening assay and screened a library for compounds that could enhance cytoplasmic Ca2+, activate the CaCC, and increase Cl(-) secretion. We found that spiperone, a known antipsychotic drug, is a potent intracellular Ca2+ enhancer and demonstrated that it stimulates intracellular Ca2+, not by acting in its well-known role as an antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2 or dopamine D2 receptors, but through a protein tyrosine kinase-coupled phospholipase C-dependent pathway. Spiperone activates CaCCs, which stimulates Cl(-) secretion in polarized human non-CF and CF airway epithelial cell monolayers in vitro and in CFTR-knockout mice in vivo. In conclusion, we have identified spiperone as a new therapeutic platform for correction of defective Cl(-) secretion in CF via a pathway independent of CFTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gálfi M, Janáky T, Tóth R, Prohászka G, Juhász A, Varga C, László FA. Effects of dopamine and dopamine-active compounds on oxytocin and vasopressin production in rat neurohypophyseal tissue cultures. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2001; 98:49-54. [PMID: 11179778 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dopamine (DA) or DA-active drugs on the synthesis of neurohypophyseal (NH) hormones were studied in 13-14 day cultures of isolated NH tissue from rats. The following DA-active compounds were used (10(-6) M in each medium): DA, apomorphine (APM), Pro-Lys-Gly (PLG), butaclamol (B), haloperidol (HP), chlorpromazine (CPZ) and sulpiride (SP). The oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) contents of the condensed media were determined by RIA after a 1 or 2 h incubation. Significantly increased contents of OT and VP were detected in the tissue culture media following DA, APM or PLG administration. This elevation of NH hormone production could be blocked by previous administration of B or the DA receptor antagonists HP, CPZ or SP. The application of B after DA agonists proved ineffective. The results indicate that NH hormone production can be directly influenced by the DA-ergic system. The DA-ergic control of NH hormone secretion in rats can occur independently of the hypothalamus, at the level of the posterior pituitary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gálfi
- Department of Biology, University of Sciences, Faculty of Juhász Gyula Teachers' College, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Connor JC, Plowchalk DR, Van Pelt CS, Davis LG, Cook JC. Role of prolactin in chloro-S-triazine rat mammary tumorigenesis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2000; 23:575-601. [PMID: 11071396 DOI: 10.1081/dct-100101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chloro-S-triazine herbicides [cyanazine (CZ), atrazine (AZ), simazine (SZ)] increase mammary tumors in Crl:CD BR rats but not in F-344 rats or in mice. A nongenotoxic mechanism was investigated since the chloro-S-triazines are negative in short-term tests for genotoxicity. An in vivo battery was used to assess the chloro-S-triazines for estrogenic activity or for their ability to increase prolactin (PRL) levels, both of which play important roles in enhancing mammary gland tumorigenesis in rodents. Ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were treated with AZ, CZ, SZ, or three CZ metabolites for 4 days via intraperitoneal injection. The pattern of responses between the chloro-S-triazines and four controls (estradiol, estriol, haloperidol, reserpine) was compared. For the 6 end-points examined, the responses from rats treated with AZ, CZ, SZ, and the metabolites of CZ most closely matched the responses from the reserpine-treated rats (a PRL rather than estrogenic mechanism). In addition, AZ, CZ, and SZ were tested in several other in vitro models (estrogen/biogenic amine receptor competition assays and a yeast-expressed human estrogen receptor transcription assay) as well as an in vivo 24 h time-course experiment to characterize the CZ-induced increases in PRL levels. AZ, CZ, and SZ are not estrogen receptor (ER) activating compounds based on yeast transactivation and receptor competition data. CZ and AZ demonstrated marginal competition (at mM levels) to the D and alpha2 adrenergic receptors. Ligands to the D2 receptor, but not the alpha2 adrenergic receptor, are known to induce mammary tumors. CZ was also found to produce elevated PRL levels in a time-course similar to that seen with reserpine and haloperidol. Overall, the pattern of responses obtained with the chloro-S-triazines most closely matched the responses observed for reserpine. Taken together, these data suggest chloro-S-triazine-induced mammary tumors in rats are mediated through a PRL mechanism, which is thought to be of low relevance to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C O'Connor
- DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, Newark, DE 19714, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shiue CY, Shiue GG, Zhang SX, Wilder S, Greenberg JH, Benard F, Wortman JA, Alavi AA. N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[18F]fluorobenzamide: a potential ligand for PET imaging of sigma receptors. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:671-6. [PMID: 9352539 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Four nitro- and fluorobenzamides (1-4) have been synthesized in good yields from nitro- and fluoro-substituted benzoyl chloride with 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine. In vitro studies showed that these compounds have high affinities to sigma receptors. N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide (3), in particular, bound to sigma receptors with high affinity (Ki = 3.4 nM, guinea pig brain membranes) and high selectivity (sigma-2/sigma-1 = 120). It was, therefore, labeled with 18F and evaluated as a sigma receptor radioligand. N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[18F]fluorobenzamide (3a) was synthesized in one step by nucleophile substitution of the 2-nitro precursor (1) with [18F]fluoride in DMSO at 140 degrees C for 20 min followed by purification with HPLC in 4-10% yield (decay corrected). The synthesis time was 90 min and the specific activity was 0.4-1.0 Ci/mumol. Tissue distribution in mice revealed that the uptakes of 3a in the brain, heart, liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys and small intestine were high, and the radioactivity in these organs remained constant from 60 to 120 min post-injection. The radioactivity in the bone did not significantly increase, suggesting in vivo defluorination may not be the major route of metabolism of 3a in mice. Blocking studies with haloperidol in rats indicated that the uptake of compound 3a in the rat brain was selective to haloperidol-sensitive sigma sites. These results suggest that compound 3a is a potent sigma receptor radioligand and may be a potential ligand for PET imaging of sigma receptors in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Shiue
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang SN, Dasgupta S, Lledo PM, Vincent JD, Fuxe K. Reduction of dopamine D2 receptor transduction by activation of adenosine A2a receptors in stably A2a/D2 (long-form) receptor co-transfected mouse fibroblast cell lines: studies on intracellular calcium levels. Neuroscience 1995; 68:729-36. [PMID: 8577369 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00171-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A stably co-transfected mouse fibroblast cell line, which expresses the long form of the human dopamine D2 receptor and the dog adenosine A2a receptor, was used to analyse the mechanism underlying changes in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by activation of D2 (long-form) receptors and its modulation by the A2a receptor agonist CGS 21680 by means of fura-2 imaging. Quinpirole (1-1000 nM), a D2 receptor agonist, caused a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Haloperidol, a preferential D2 receptor antagonist, completely blocked this [Ca2+]i response to quinpirole. Preincubation with Ca(2+)-free medium containing 2 mM EGTA or a medium containing 320 mM ethanol, an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor antagonist, substantially diminished the increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by quinpirole. Furthermore, quinpirole totally failed to elevate [Ca2+]i in a medium containing both 2 mM EGTA and 320 mM ethanol. CGS 21680 (1-500 nM) did not, by itself, exert any significant effect on [Ca2+]i. However, 100 nM of CGS 21680 substantially counteracted the [Ca2+]i responses to quinpirole (10-1000 nM). Moreover, this counteraction still occurred after blocking Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores with ethanol, but disappeared when the cells were pretreated with the Ca(2+)-free medium containing 2 mM EGTA. Our findings imply that the D2 (long-form) receptors in the present fibroblast cell line can raise [Ca2+]i both via Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores via activation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|