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Malihan‐Yap L, Grimm HC, Kourist R. Recent Advances in Cyanobacterial Biotransformations. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Malihan‐Yap
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Hanna C. Grimm
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- ACIB GmbH 8010 Graz Austria
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Oxidation of Terpenoids to Achieve High-Value Flavor and Fragrances—Questioning Microalgae Oxidative Capabilities in the Biotransformation of the Sesquiterpene Valencene and of Selected Natural Apocarotenoids. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavor and fragrance market size is expected to grow steadily due to the rising consumer demand of natural ingredients. This market request is guided by the general opinion that the production of natural compounds leads to a reduction of pollution, with inherent advantages for the environment and people’s health. The biotransformation reactions have gained high relevance in the production of natural products. In this context, few pieces of research have described the role of microalgae in the oxidation of terpenoids. In this present study, we questioned the role of microalgal based oxidation in the synthesis of high-value flavors and fragrances. This study investigated the role of three different microalgae strains, Chlorella sp. (211.8b and 211.8p) and Chlorococcum sp. (JB3), in the oxidation of different terpenoid substrates: α-ionone, β-ionone, theaspirane and valencene. Unfortunately, the experimental data showed that the microalgal strains used are not responsible for the substrate oxidation. In fact, our experiments demonstrate that the transformation of the four starting compounds is a photochemical reaction that involves the oxygen as oxidant. Even though these findings cast a shadow on the use of these microorganisms for an industrial purpose, they open a new possible strategy to easily obtain nootkatone in a natural way by just using an aqueous medium, oxygen and light.
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Influence of monoterpenoids on the growth of freshwater cyanobacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5675-5687. [PMID: 34164714 PMCID: PMC8285344 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cyanobacteria are characterized by a very high tolerance to environmental factors. They are found in salt water, fresh water, thermal springs, and Antarctic waters. The wide spectrum of habitats suitable for those microorganisms is related to their particularly effective metabolism; resistance to extreme environmental conditions; and the need for only limited environmental resources such as water, carbon dioxide, simple inorganic salts, and light. These metabolic characteristics have led to cyanobacterial blooms and the production of cyanotoxins, justifying research into effective ways to counteract the excessive proliferation of these microorganisms. A new and interesting idea for the immediate reduction of cyanobacterial abundance is to use natural substances with broad-spectrum biological activity to restore phytoplankton diversity. This study describes the effects of selected monoterpenoid derivatives on the development of cyanobacterial cultures. In the course of the study, some compounds ((±)-citronellal, (+)-α-pinene) showed the ability to inhibit the colonization of the tested photosynthetic bacteria, while others (eugenol, eucalyptol) stimulated the growth of these microorganisms. By analyzing the results of these experiments, information was obtained on the mutual relations of cyanobacteria and the tested monoterpenes, which are present in the aquatic environment. Key points • Monoterpenoids significantly inhibit the growth of single cyanobacterial strains. • Monoterpenoids can inhibit the growth of cyanobacterial consortia. • Natural substances can control the growth of freshwater cyanobacteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11260-8.
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Abstract
This study focused on bioglea in thermal material sampled at Saturnia spa (Tuscany, Italy). Bioglea is the term used to define the thermal plankton consisting of biogenic substances that have been investigated little from the chemical and biological points of view. Bioglea is mainly formed of cyanobacteria, particularly from the Oscillatoriales subsection, and it seems to have an important role in the maturation of thermal mud for the development of organic matter. This cyanobacteria-dominated community develops in a large outdoor pool at the spa, where the spring water is collected, over the sediments, with matter floating at the surface. Throughout the year, the cyanobacterial species of bioglea were the same, but their relative abundance changed significantly. For chemical characterization an extractive method and several analytical techniques (HPLC, GC-MS, SPME) were used. We also studied the radical scavenging activity using in vitro tests (DPPH, ORAC, ABTS). We found various groups of compounds: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, alcohols, phenols, amino acids. Many of the compounds have already been identified in the mud, particularly the lipid component. SPME indicated several hydrocarbons (C11–C17) and long-chain alcohols (C12–C16). The qualitative composition of volatile substances identified in bioglea was very similar to that of the mud previously analysed. These results contribute to our knowledge on thermal photosynthetic community and its possible exploitation.
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Selective Photo-epoxidation of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(−)-Limonene by Chiral and Non-Chiral Dioxo-Mo(VI) Complexes Anchored on TiO2-Nanotubes. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Curlat S. Recent Studies of (+)-3-Carene Transformations with the Retention of the Native Framework. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Seel CJ, Gulder T. Biocatalysis Fueled by Light: On the Versatile Combination of Photocatalysis and Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1871-1897. [PMID: 30864191 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze a plethora of highly specific transformations under mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Their fascinating performances attest to high synthetic potential that is often hampered by operational obstacles such as in vitro cofactor supply and regeneration. Exploiting light and combining it with biocatalysis not only helps in overcoming these drawbacks, but the fruitful liaison of these two fields of "green chemistry" also offers opportunities to unlock new synthetic reactivities. In this review we provide an overview of the wide variety of photo-biocatalysis, ranging from the photochemical delivery of electrons required in redox biocatalysis and photochemical cofactor and reagent (re)generation to direct photoactivation of enzymes enabling reactions unknown in nature. We highlight synthetically relevant transformations such as asymmetric reactions facilitated by the combination of light as energy source and enzymes' catalytic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina J Seel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Żyszka-Haberecht B, Poliwoda A, Lipok J. 'Structural constraints in cyanobacteria-mediated whole-cell biotransformation of methoxylated and methylated derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone. J Biotechnol 2019; 293:36-46. [PMID: 30690100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic and freshwater strains of cyanobacteria representing the Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales orders of Cyanophyta were examined to determine (i) the resistance of their cultures when suppressed by the presence of exogenous methoxylated and methylated derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone, (ii) morphological changes in cells treated with the tested chalcones and, most importantly, (iii) whether these photoautotrophic microorganisms transform chalcone derivatives in a structure- or strain-dependent manner. The growth of cyanobacterial cultures depended on chalcone derivatives and the strain; nevertheless, trends for correlations between these parameters are difficult to determine. The exposure of cyanobacteria to the tested chalcones revealed severe membrane damage that was consistent with the disruption of membrane integrity. All examined blue-green algae transformed methoxy derivatives of 2'-hydroxychalcone via hydrogenative bio-reduction and formed the corresponding hydroxydihydro derivatives with various efficiencies (≤1 - 70%), depending more on the structure than on the strain. We observed dependency of the routes and efficiency of biohydrogenation of tested chalcones on the location of the methoxyl substituent and, to a lesser extent, on cyanobacterial strains. 2'-hydroxy-4″-methylchalcone was also converted by cyanobacteria to various products, amongst which the most interesting were 2'-ethoxy derivatives. The final products of biocatalytic transformation were extracted from the cyanobacterial media, separated by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and identified by a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS technique) and one-dimensional (1D 1H and 13C) and two-dimensional (2D HSQC and COSY) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Żyszka-Haberecht
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
| | - Anna Poliwoda
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
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Żymańczyk-Duda E, Głąb A, Górak M, Klimek-Ochab M, Brzezińska-Rodak M, Strub D, Śliżewska A. Reductive capabilities of different cyanobacterial strains towards acetophenone as a model substrate - Prospect of applications for chiral building blocks synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102810. [PMID: 30819508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioreductive capabilities of four morphologically different strains of cyanobacteria have been assessed in this work. Arthrospira maxima, Leptolyngbya foveolarum, Nodularia sphaerocarpa and Synechococcus bigranulatus were applied as catalysts for the reduction of acetophenone to the corresponding chiral phenylethyl alcohol. The process was modified regarding substrate concentration, duration of pre-cultivation period, duration of biotransformation, light regime and glucose addition to the culture media. Obtained results clearly showed that cyanobacteria were active towards acetophenone what resulted in the substrate reduction to (S)-1-phenylethanol with high enantiomeric excess. The reaction efficiency increased with the biotransformation time, but the higher concentration of substrate limited the process yield. Also, all tested strains performed reaction with the highest efficacy under continuous light regime. The most active strains - N. sphaerocarpa and S. bigranulatus carried out the conversion of 1 mM acetophenone with high efficiency of respectively 97.6% and 96.2% after 13 days of biotransformation. A. maxima reached 45.8% of conversion after 13 days of biotransformation whereas L. foveolarum did not exceed 20%. The enantiomeric excesses were respectively 98.8%- A. maxima, 91.7%- L. foveolarum, 72.6%- S. bigranulatus and N. sphaerocarpa 16.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Głąb
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Monika Górak
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | | | | | - Daniel Strub
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Betterle N, Melis A. Heterologous Leader Sequences in Fusion Constructs Enhance Expression of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase and Yield of β-Phellandrene Production in Cyanobacteria ( Synechocystis). ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:912-921. [PMID: 29397685 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors proved to be critical in the heterologous expression of terpene synthases in cyanobacteria. The concept was recently applied to the heterologous overexpression of the β-phellandrene synthase (β- PHLS) from plants, fused to the highly expressed endogenous cpcB gene encoding the β-subunit of phycocyanin. Overexpressed CpcB*PHLS fusion proteins enhanced the heterologous yield of C10H16 β-phellandrene hydrocarbons production in Synechocystis. This work extended the concept of fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors by showing that highly expressed heterologous genes could also serve as leader sequences for protein overexpression in cyanobacteria. Examined are the kanamycin nptI and chloramphenicol cmR resistance cassettes, both of which are overexpressed in Synechocystis. Evidence showed a dual purpose of the nptI gene, as a leader sequence fused to a heterologous geranyl-diphosphate synthase ( GPPS), promoting its expression, while at the same time serving as a selectable marker for the screening of transformants. The work further showed that enhanced GPPS expression increased the yield of β-phellandrene in Synechocystis transformants harboring the β- PHLS gene. Moreover, the research evaluated the expression efficacy of a DNA fragment comprising 87 nucleotides from the 5' end of the cmR gene in fusion with the GPPS gene. This short fusion construct substantially increased the intracellular geranyl-diphosphate synthase level, suggesting that "short-stretch" cmR leader sequences can be used to drive a higher expression level of heterologous biosynthetic genes, while avoiding undesirable internal recombinations, as these sequences are shorter than the threshold of 200 bp, commonly assumed to be the threshold of high efficiency recombinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Betterle
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
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Hoschek A, Bühler B, Schmid A. Umgehung des Gas-flüssig-Stofftransports von Sauerstoff durch Kopplung der photosynthetischen Wasseroxidation an eine biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hoschek
- Department Solare Materialien; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung - UFZ; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department Solare Materialien; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung - UFZ; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solare Materialien; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung - UFZ; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Deutschland
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Hoschek A, Bühler B, Schmid A. Overcoming the Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer of Oxygen by Coupling Photosynthetic Water Oxidation with Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15146-15149. [PMID: 28945948 PMCID: PMC5708270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas–liquid mass transfer of gaseous reactants is a major limitation for high space–time yields, especially for O2‐dependent (bio)catalytic reactions in aqueous solutions. Herein, oxygenic photosynthesis was used for homogeneous O2 supply via in situ generation in the liquid phase to overcome this limitation. The phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was engineered to synthesize the alkane monooxygenase AlkBGT from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. With light, but without external addition of O2, the chemo‐ and regioselective hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester to ω‐hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester was driven by O2 generated through photosynthetic water oxidation. Photosynthesis also delivered the necessary reduction equivalents to regenerate the Fe2+ center in AlkB for oxygen transfer to the terminal methyl group. The in situ coupling of oxygenic photosynthesis to O2‐transferring enzymes now enables the design of fast hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hoschek
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Santos RAMD, Souza FDO, Pilau EJ, Porto C, Gonçalves JE, Oliveira AJBD, Gonçalves RAC. Biotransformation of (+)-carvone and (−)-carvone using human skin fungi: A green method of obtaining fragrances and flavours. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1376049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Aparecido Minini dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, University Center Cesumar – Unicesumar, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Oliveira Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Porto
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Program of Master in Clean Technology, University Center Cesumar – Unicesumar, Maringá, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation – ICETI, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Arildo José Braz de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Köninger K, Gómez Baraibar Á, Mügge C, Paul CE, Hollmann F, Nowaczyk MM, Kourist R. Rekombinante Cyanobakterien für die asymmetrische Reduktion von C=C‐Bindungen mithilfe biokatalytischer Wasseroxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Köninger
- Nachwuchsgruppe Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Álvaro Gómez Baraibar
- Nachwuchsgruppe Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Nachwuchsgruppe Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Niederlande
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Niederlande
| | - Marc M. Nowaczyk
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Pflanzen Ruhr-Universität Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert Kourist
- Nachwuchsgruppe Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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Köninger K, Gómez Baraibar Á, Mügge C, Paul CE, Hollmann F, Nowaczyk MM, Kourist R. Recombinant Cyanobacteria for the Asymmetric Reduction of C=C Bonds Fueled by the Biocatalytic Oxidation of Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5582-5. [PMID: 27029020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant enoate reductase was expressed in cyanobacteria and used for the light-catalyzed, enantioselective reduction of C=C bonds. The coupling of oxidoreductases to natural photosynthesis allows asymmetric syntheses fueled by the oxidation of water. Bypassing the addition of sacrificial cosubstrates as electron donors significantly improves the atom efficiency and avoids the formation of undesired side products. Crucial factors for product formation are the availability of NADPH and the amount of active enzyme in the cells. The efficiency of the reaction is comparable to typical whole-cell biotransformations in E. coli. Under optimized conditions, a solution of 100 mg prochiral 2-methylmaleimide was reduced to optically pure 2-methylsuccinimide (99 % ee, 80 % yield of isolated product). High product yields and excellent optical purities demonstrate the synthetic usefulness of light-catalyzed whole-cell biotransformations using recombinant cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Köninger
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Álvaro Gómez Baraibar
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Chair of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Bartsch M, Gassmeyer SK, Köninger K, Igarashi K, Liauw P, Dyczmons-Nowaczyk N, Miyamoto K, Nowaczyk MM, Kourist R. Photosynthetic production of enantioselective biocatalysts. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:53. [PMID: 25889799 PMCID: PMC4412116 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global resource depletion poses a dramatic threat to our society and creates a strong demand for alternative resources that do not compete with the production of food. Meeting this challenge requires a thorough rethinking of all steps of the value chain regarding their sustainability resource demand and the possibility to substitute current, petrol-based supply-chains with renewable resources. This regards also the production of catalysts for chemical synthesis. Phototrophic microorganisms have attracted considerable attention as a biomanufacturing platform for the sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels. They allow the direct utilization of carbon dioxide and do not compete with food production. Photosynthetic enzyme production of catalysts would be a sustainable supply of these important components of the biotechnological and chemical industries. This paper focuses on the usefulness of recombinant cyanobacteria for the photosynthetic expression of enantioselective catalysts. As a proof of concept, we used the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the heterologous expression of two highly enantioselective enzymes. Results We investigated the expression yield and the usefulness of cyanobacterial cell extracts for conducting stereoselective reactions. The cyanobacterial enzyme expression achieved protein yields of 3% of total soluble protein (%TSP) while the expression in E. coli yielded 6-8% TSP. Cell-free extracts from a recombinant strain expressing the recombinant esterase ST0071 from the thermophilic organism Sulfolobus tokodai ST0071 and arylmalonate decarboxylase from Bordetella bronchiseptica showed excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) and yield (>91%) in the desymmetrisation of prochiral malonates. Conclusions We were able to present the proof-of-concept of photoautotrophic enzyme expression as a viable alternative to heterotrophic expression hosts. Our results show that the introduction of foreign genes is straightforward. Cell components from Synechocystis did not interfere with the stereoselective transformations, underlining the usability of photoautotrophic organisms for the production of enzymes. Given the considerable commercial value of recombinant biocatalysts, cyanobacterial enzyme expression has thus the potential to complement existing approaches to use phototrophic organisms for the production of chemicals and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Bartsch
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sarah K Gassmeyer
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Katharina Köninger
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Kosuke Igarashi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Pasqual Liauw
- Chair for Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nina Dyczmons-Nowaczyk
- Chair for Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Kenji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Robert Kourist
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Pattanaik B, Lindberg P. Terpenoids and their biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Life (Basel) 2015; 5:269-93. [PMID: 25615610 PMCID: PMC4390852 DOI: 10.3390/life5010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids, or isoprenoids, are a family of compounds with great structural diversity which are essential for all living organisms. In cyanobacteria, they are synthesized from the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate produced by photosynthesis as substrates. The products of the MEP pathway are the isomeric five-carbon compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which in turn form the basic building blocks for formation of all terpenoids. Many terpenoid compounds have useful properties and are of interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals and nutrition, and even potentially as future biofuels. The MEP pathway, its function and regulation, and the subsequent formation of terpenoids have not been fully elucidated in cyanobacteria, despite its relevance for biotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge about cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis, both regarding the native metabolism and regarding metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for heterologous production of non-native terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagmi Pattanaik
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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