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Xu X, Rothrock MJ, Dev Kumar G, Mishra A. Assessing the Risk of Seasonal Effects of Campylobacter Contaminated Broiler Meat Prepared In-Home in the United States. Foods 2023; 12:2559. [PMID: 37444297 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter has consistently posed a food safety issue in broiler meat. This study aimed to create a quantitative microbial risk assessment model from retail to consumption, designed to evaluate the seasonal risk of campylobacteriosis associated with broiler meat consumption in the United States. To achieve this, data was gathered to build distributions that would enable us to predict the growth of Campylobacter during various stages such as retail storage, transit, and home storage. The model also included potential fluctuations in concentration during food preparation and potential cross-contamination scenarios. A Monte Carlo simulation with 100,000 iterations was used to estimate the risk of infection per serving and the number of infections in the United States by season. In the summer, chicken meat was estimated to have a median risk of infection per serving of 9.22 × 10-7 and cause an average of about 27,058,680 infections. During the winter months, the median risk of infection per serving was estimated to be 4.06 × 10-7 and cause an average of about 12,085,638 infections. The risk assessment model provides information about the risk of broiler meat to public health by season. These results will help understand the most important steps to reduce the food safety risks from contaminated chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Science, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Science, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Evans A, Slate AJ, Akhidime ID, Verran J, Kelly PJ, Whitehead KA. The Removal of Meat Exudate and Escherichia coli from Stainless Steel and Titanium Surfaces with Irregular and Regular Linear Topographies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063198. [PMID: 33808807 PMCID: PMC8003725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial retention and organic fouling on meat preparation surfaces can be influenced by several factors. Surfaces with linear topographies and defined chemistries were used to determine how the orientation of the surface features affected cleaning efficacy. Fine polished (irregular linear) stainless steel (FPSS), titanium coated fine polished (irregular linear) stainless steel (TiFP), and topographically regular, linear titanium coated surfaces (RG) were fouled with Escherichia coli mixed with a meat exudate (which was utilised as a conditioning film). Surfaces were cleaned along or perpendicular to the linear features for one, five, or ten wipes. The bacteria were most easily removed from the titanium coated and regular featured surfaces. The direction of cleaning (along or perpendicular to the surface features) did not influence the amount of bacteria retained, but meat extract was more easily removed from the surfaces when cleaned in the direction along the linear surface features. Following ten cleans, there was no significant difference in the amount of cells or meat exudate retained on the surfaces cleaned in either direction. This study demonstrated that for the E. coli cells, the TiFP and RG surfaces were easiest to clean. However, the direction of the clean was important for the removal of the meat exudate from the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Evans
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.E.); (I.D.A.); (J.V.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Anthony J. Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - I. Devine Akhidime
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.E.); (I.D.A.); (J.V.); (P.J.K.)
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Joanna Verran
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.E.); (I.D.A.); (J.V.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Peter J. Kelly
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.E.); (I.D.A.); (J.V.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.E.); (I.D.A.); (J.V.); (P.J.K.)
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility studies of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni isolated from the litter of broiler chicken houses. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1024-1033. [PMID: 33518061 PMCID: PMC7858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is an ongoing problem worldwide and is caused by bacteria that invade the food chain from the farm, slaughter house, restaurant or grocery, or in the home and can be controlled by strategies using biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants). Susceptibility profiles were determined for 96 Campylobacter jejuni strains obtained in 2011-2012 from broiler chicken house environments to antimicrobials and disinfectants as per the methods of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and TREK Diagnostics using CAMPY AST Campylobacter plates. Low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in C. jejuni strains to tetracycline (TET; 21.9%), ciprofloxacin (CIP; 13.5%), and nalidixic acid (NAL; 12.5%). The resistance profiles had a maximum of 3 antimicrobials, CIP-NAL-TET, with TET being the main profile observed. No cross-resistance was observed between antimicrobials and disinfectants. The C. jejuni strains (99%) were resistant to triclosan, 32% were resistant to chlorhexidine, and they all were susceptible to benzalkonium chloride. The strains had low-level minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to the disinfectants P-128, Food Service Sanitizer, F-25 Sanitizer, Final Step 512 Sanitizer, OdoBan, dioctyldimethylammmonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (C10AC), benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (C12BAC), and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (C14BAC). Intermediate MICs against DC&R, cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with elevated intermediate MICs against Tek-Trol, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane (THN), and formaldehyde. The highest MIC were obtained for povidone-iodine. The components THN and the benzylammonium chlorides C12BAC and C14BAC were responsible for the inhibition by DC&R. The components C10AC and C12BAC may act synergistically causing inhibition of C. jejuni by the disinfectant P-128. The formaldehyde component in DC&R was not effective against C. jejuni compared with the ammonium chloride components. Its use in disinfectants may result in additional unnecessary chemicals in the environment. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is the most effective ammonium chloride component against C. jejuni.
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Song X, Vossebein L, Zille A. Efficacy of disinfectant-impregnated wipes used for surface disinfection in hospitals: a review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:139. [PMID: 31452873 PMCID: PMC6701098 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background "Ready-to-use" disinfecting wipes (also known as pre-impregnated disinfecting wipe) are broadly used in food industry and domestic situations. Their application in hospitals and healthcare centres for decontamination of medical devices and surfaces is steadily increasing because of their convenient implementation in practice and reliable performance. Beside their acceptable compliance and easy application, literature reported the disinfection failure due to the interaction between textile substrate and active ingredients, which can highly increase the risk of an infection outbreak. This review aims to call attention to the wide range of variables affecting the disinfectant-impregnated wipes' (DIWs) disinfection performances in hospitals. Methods A systematic literature search based on the five categories i. wipes, ii. disinfectants, iii. Application methods, iv. interaction between wipes and active ingredients and v. wiping strategy which can possibly influence the disinfection effectiveness of DIWs was conducted by Google scholar. Studies regarding the efficacy evaluation of DIWs in clinical applications were also reviewed from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. Results Variables that impact on the disinfection performance of disinfectant-impregnated wipes in surface disinfection in hospitals were summarised and critically discussed. In addition to the information, current disinfectant-impregnated wipes' decontamination efficacy test standards were reviewed, and different standards exposed some disadvantage in their testing design. Conclusion Various parameters contribute to the impact of DIWs disinfection performance in practice. The interaction between disinfectant active ingredients and the wiping materials barricades their broad application in hospitals. More studies of the DIWs' disinfection efficacy in clinical practice are in need. Current standards evaluating the DIWs' efficacy are required to improve for more realistic condition simulation and differentiating between mechanical removal of inoculum from a surface and chemical inactivation of the test microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- 2C2T – Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lutz Vossebein
- Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstrasse 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T – Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Jeong J, Kim H, Seo KH. Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Salmonellosis in Chicken Skewers from Street Food Vendors in South Korea. J Food Prot 2019; 82:955-962. [PMID: 31099597 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Extended holding time increases likelihood of illness in warmer than it does in cooler months. Split heating is less effective than continuous heating for inactivation of microbes. Longer holding times make meat more vulnerable to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Jeong
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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Transfer of Enteric Viruses Adenovirus and Coxsackievirus and Bacteriophage MS2 from Liquid to Human Skin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01809-18. [PMID: 30217840 PMCID: PMC6210118 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract) are responsible for most water-transmitted diseases. They are shed in high concentrations in the feces of infected individuals, persist for an extended period of time in water, and are highly infective. Exposure to contaminated water directly (through ingestion) or indirectly (for example, through hand-water contacts followed by hand-to-mouth contacts) increases the risk of virus transmission. The work described herein provides a quantitative model for estimating human-pathogenic virus retention on skin following contact with contaminated water. The work will be important in refining the contribution of indirect transmission of virus to risks associated with water-related activities. Indirect exposure to waterborne viruses increases the risk of infection, especially among children with frequent hand-to-mouth contacts. Here, we quantified the transfer of one bacteriophage (MS2) and two enteric viruses (adenovirus and coxsackievirus) from liquid to skin. MS2, a commonly used enteric virus surrogate, was used to compare virus transfer rates in a volunteer trial to those obtained using human cadaver skin and synthetic skin. MS2 transfer to volunteer skin was similar to transfer to cadaver skin but significantly different from transfer to synthetic skin. The transfer of MS2, adenovirus, and coxsackievirus to cadaver skin was modeled using measurements for viruses attaching to the skin (adsorbed) and viruses in liquid residual on skin (unadsorbed). We find virus transfer per surface area is a function of the concentration of virus in the liquid and the film thickness of liquid retained on the skin and is estimable using a linear model. Notably, the amount of MS2 adsorbed on the skin was on average 5 times higher than the amount of adenovirus and 4 times higher than the amount of coxsackievirus. Quantification of pathogenic virus retention to skin would thus be overestimated using MS2 adsorption data. This study provides models of virus transfer useful for risk assessments of water-related activities, demonstrates significant differences in the transfer of pathogenic virus and MS2, and suggests cadaver skin as an alternative testing system for studying interactions between viruses and skin. IMPORTANCE Enteric viruses (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract) are responsible for most water-transmitted diseases. They are shed in high concentrations in the feces of infected individuals, persist for an extended period of time in water, and are highly infective. Exposure to contaminated water directly (through ingestion) or indirectly (for example, through hand-water contacts followed by hand-to-mouth contacts) increases the risk of virus transmission. The work described herein provides a quantitative model for estimating human-pathogenic virus retention on skin following contact with contaminated water. The work will be important in refining the contribution of indirect transmission of virus to risks associated with water-related activities.
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Giallourou N, Medlock GL, Bolick DT, Medeiros PHQS, Ledwaba SE, Kolling GL, Tung K, Guerry P, Swann JR, Guerrant RL. A novel mouse model of Campylobacter jejuni enteropathy and diarrhea. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007083. [PMID: 29791507 PMCID: PMC5988333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are among the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea and of 'environmental enteropathy' (EE) and growth failure worldwide. However, the lack of an inexpensive small animal model of enteric disease with Campylobacter has been a major limitation for understanding its pathogenesis, interventions or vaccine development. We describe a robust standard mouse model that can exhibit reproducible bloody diarrhea or growth failure, depending on the zinc or protein deficient diet and on antibiotic alteration of normal microbiota prior to infection. Zinc deficiency and the use of antibiotics create a niche for Campylobacter infection to establish by narrowing the metabolic flexibility of these mice for pathogen clearance and by promoting intestinal and systemic inflammation. Several biomarkers and intestinal pathology in this model also mimic those seen in human disease. This model provides a novel tool to test specific hypotheses regarding disease pathogenesis as well as vaccine development that is currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Giallourou
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory L. Medlock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - David T. Bolick
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Pedro HQS Medeiros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Solanka E. Ledwaba
- Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Glynis L. Kolling
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Tung
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Patricia Guerry
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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Szczepanska B, Andrzejewska M, Spica D, Klawe JJ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children and environmental sources in urban and suburban areas. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28376713 PMCID: PMC5379741 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacteriosis is a dominant bacterial cause of foodborne infection and is considered the main public health problem in Europe and many other countries worldwide. In the study lasting from 2011 to 2013 we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children, domestic animals, poultry meat and surface water in Northern Poland. RESULTS During a 3-years study 1973 samples were analysed. The results proved the presence of Campylobacter spp. in 306 (15.5%) samples. The percentage of Campylobacter-positive samples differed among the sample types, from 0% (freshwater beaches) to 38.6% (poultry meat in 2011). Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in children isolates was 9.6%. It decreased from 13.2% in 2011 to 8.0% in 2013. It should be highlighted with a particular concern that Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 20.0% of fountains. All children and poultry meat isolates were susceptible to azithromycin. Two C. coli (3.7%) and four C. jejuni (3.3%) isolated from poultry meat were resistant to erythromycin. The highest percentage of C. jejuni isolates with resistance to ciprofloxacin were found in samples from 80% dogs and 85% ponds. Among isolates resistant to two antimicrobials 74.7% C. jejuni and 59.2% C. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin as well as to tetracycline. Only one cat C. coli isolate was resistant to both azithromycin and erythromycin. One C. jejuni isolate from a fountain was resistant to four antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin). CONCLUSIONS The study proved that surface water, poultry meat and pets constituted potential sources of Campylobacter to children. Fountains can be a direct source of children campylobacteriosis but can also pollute other environments with multidrug-resistant Campylobacter. The high resistance to some antimicrobials among the isolates may lead to increasing numbers of difficult-to-treat campylobacteriosis cases among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szczepanska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Dorota Spica
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Jacek J. Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
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Rahimi E, Alipoor-Amroabadi M, Khamesipour F. Investigation of prevalence of thermotolerantCampylobacterspp. in livestock feces. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mandana Alipoor-Amroabadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Bokulich NA, Lewis ZT, Boundy-Mills K, Mills DA. A new perspective on microbial landscapes within food production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 37:182-189. [PMID: 26773388 PMCID: PMC4913695 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput, 'next-generation' sequencing tools offer many exciting new possibilities for food research. From investigating microbial dynamics within food fermentations to the ecosystem of the food-processing built environment, amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and transcriptomics present novel applications for exploring microbial communities in, on, and around our foods. This review discusses the many uses of these tools for food-related and food facility-related research and highlights where they may yield nuanced insight into the microbial world of food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Bokulich
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Zachery T Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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