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Xu Z, Li Y, Xu A, Xue L, Soteyome T, Yuan L, Ma Q, Seneviratne G, Hong W, Mao Y, Kjellerup BV, Liu J. Differential alteration in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum quorum-sensing systems and reduced Candida albicans yeast survival and virulence gene expression in dual-species interaction. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0035324. [PMID: 38717160 PMCID: PMC11237386 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00353-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (L. plantarum) are frequently identified in various niches, but their dual-species interaction, especially with C. albicans in yeast form, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dual-species interaction of L. plantarum and C. albicans, including proliferation, morphology, and transcriptomes examined by selective agar plate counting, microscopy, and polymicrobial RNA-seq, respectively. Maintaining a stable and unchanged growth rate, L. plantarum inhibited C. albicans yeast cell proliferation but not hyphal growth. Combining optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, cell-to-cell direct contact and co-aggregation with L. plantarum cells surrounding C. albicans yeast cells were observed during dual-species interaction. Reduced C. albicans yeast cell proliferation in mixed culture was partially due to L. plantarum cell-free culture supernatant but not the acidic environment. Upon polymicrobial transcriptomics analysis, interesting changes were identified in both L. plantarum and C. albicans gene expression. First, two L. plantarum quorum-sensing systems showed contrary changes, with the activation of lamBDCA and repression of luxS. Second, the upregulation of stress response-related genes and downregulation of cell cycle, cell survival, and cell integrity-related pathways were identified in C. albicans, possibly connected to the stress posed by L. plantarum and the reduced yeast cell proliferation. Third, a large scale of pathogenesis and virulence factors were downregulated in C. albicans, indicating the potential interruption of pathogenic activities by L. plantarum. Fourth, partial metabolism and transport pathways were changed in L. plantarum and C. albicans. The information in this study might aid in understanding the behavior of L. plantarum and C. albicans in dual-species interaction.IMPORTANCEThe anti-Candida albicans activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been explored in the past decades. However, the importance of C. albicans yeast form and the effect of C. albicans on L. plantarum had also been omitted. In this study, the dual-species interaction of L. plantarum and C. albicans was investigated with a focus on the transcriptomes. Cell-to-cell direct contact and co-aggregation with L. plantarum cells surrounding C. albicans yeast cells were observed. Upon polymicrobial transcriptomics analysis, interesting changes were identified, including contrary changes in two L. plantarum quorum-sensing systems and reduced cell survival-related pathways and pathogenesis determinants in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijuan Xu
- Guangzhou Hybribio Medical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Thanapop Soteyome
- Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lei Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Birthe V. Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Junyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Costa Dos Santos GD, da Silva Pereira CD, da Silva CC, Silva MA, Silva LDS, da Silva Cutrim B, Branco SJDSC, Paiva PMG, Correia MTDS, Miranda RDCMD, Zagmignan A, Nascimento da Silva LC. Eugenia uniflora (pitanga) juice as a new alternative vehicle for Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271: evaluation of antioxidant and anti-infective effects. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1279-1286. [PMID: 38652443 PMCID: PMC11153446 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic-containing foods are among the most appreciated functional foods; however, probiotic-based dairy products cannot be consumed by people who are lactose intolerant, allergic to milk, or vegetarian or vegan individuals. Thus, new non-dairy matrices have been tested for probiotics delivery. This study evaluated the growth and viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 in Pitanga juice (Eugenia uniflora L.). The effects of the fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-infective properties of the juice were also analyzed. The E. uniflora juice allowed lactobacilli growth without supplementation, reaching rates around 8.4 Log CFU/mL and producing organic acids (pH values < 4) after 72 h of fermentation. The strain remained viable after 35 days of refrigerated storage. Fermentation by these bacteria increases the antioxidant capacity of the juice. The central composite rotational design was employed to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculum and pulp concentration on growth and organic acids production by L. fermentum ATCC 23271. The strain was viable and produced organic acids in all tested combinations. L. fermentum-fermented juice and its cell-free supernatant significantly increased the survival of Tenebrio molitor larvae infected by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli 042. The results obtained in this study provide more insights into the potential of Pitanga juice to develop a functional non-dairy probiotic beverage with antioxidant and anti-infective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos Andrade Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Silva Cutrim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brazil
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Savio C, Herren P, Rejasse A, Rios A, Bourelle W, Bruun-Jensen A, Lecocq A, van Loon JJA, Nielsen-LeRoux C. Minor impact of probiotic bacteria and egg white on Tenebrio molitor growth, microbial composition, and pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1334526. [PMID: 38469340 PMCID: PMC10926391 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1334526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The industrial rearing of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) for feed and food purposes on agricultural by-products may expose larvae and adults to entomopathogens used as biocontrol agents in crop production. Bacterial spores/toxins or fungal conidia from species such as Bacillus thuringiensis or Metarhizium brunneum could affect the survival and growth of insects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of a wheat bran diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria and dried egg white on larval development and survival and its effects on the gut microbiome composition. Two probiotic bacterial species, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJB, were added to wheat bran feed with and without dried egg white, as an additional protein source, directly from neonate larval hatching until reaching a body mass of 20 mg. Subsequently, larvae from the various diets were exposed for 72 h to B. thuringiensis, M. brunneum, or their combination. Larval survival and growth were recorded for 14 days, and the bacterial microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing prior to pathogen exposure and on days 3 and 11 after inoculation with the pathogens. The results showed increased survival for T. molitor larvae reared on feed supplemented with P. pentosaceus in the case of co-infection. Larval growth was also impacted in the co-infection treatment. No significant impact of egg white or of P. pentosaceus on larval growth was recorded, while the addition of Lb. plantarum resulted in a minor increase in individual mass gain compared with infected larvae without the latter probiotic. On day 14, B. thuringiensis was no longer detected and the overall bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments. On the other hand, the relative operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance was dependent on day, diet, and probiotic. Interestingly, P. pentosaceus was present throughout the experiments, while Lb. plantarum was not found at a detectable level, although its transient presence slightly improved larval performance. Overall, this study confirms the potential benefits of some probiotics during the development of T. molitor while underlining the complexity of the relationship between the host and its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Savio
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Herren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Rejasse
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - William Bourelle
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annette Bruun-Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Antoine Lecocq
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Kumar SAS, Krishnan D, Jothipandiyan S, Durai R, Hari BNV, Nithyanand P. Cell-free supernatants of probiotic consortia impede hyphal formation and disperse biofilms of vulvovaginal candidiasis causing Candida in an ex-vivo model. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:37. [PMID: 38367023 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection caused by drug-resistant Candida species that affects about 70-75% of reproductive age group women across the globe. As current-day antifungal drugs are ineffective against the biofilms formed by the drug-resistant Candida strains, several natural compounds and antagonistic microbes are being explored as alternative antifungal agents. In the present study, we investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) extracted from the commercially available probiotics VSL-3 against the biofilms of Candida species and also evaluated their efficacy in curbing the yeast-to-hyphal transition. Various methodologies like crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the effect of CFS against the biofilms formed by the species. The ability of CFS to interfere with yeast to hyphal transition in Candida was studied by colony morphology assay and visually confirmed with phase contrast microscopy. The potential of the CFS of the probiotics was also evaluated using goat buccal tissue, a novel ex-vivo model that mimics the vaginal environment. Moreover, the supernatant extracted from VSL-3 had the ability to down-regulate the expression of virulence genes of Candida from the biofilm formed over the ex-vivo model. These results emphasize the anti-fungal and anti-infective properties of the CFS of VSL-3 against drug-resistant Candida strains causing vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaarsan Aruna Senthil Kumar
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Dhesiga Krishnan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Ramyadevi Durai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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Mollazadeh-Narestan Z, Yavarikia P, Homayouni-Rad A, Samadi Kafil H, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Gholizadeh P, Mirghafourvand M. Comparing the Effect of Probiotic and Fluconazole on Treatment and Recurrence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: a Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1436-1446. [PMID: 36198994 PMCID: PMC9534588 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaginitis is a common problem in women. Candida albicans is responsible for more than 85% of vaginal fungal infections. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of probiotic and fluconazole on the treatment and recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). This triple-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 married women, aged 18-49 years, with VVC, as confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnosis. The participants were allocated into two groups using blocked randomization method. The fluconazole-treated group received a single dose of fluconazole (150 mg) supplemented with 30 placebo capsules of probiotic, and the probiotic-treated group got 30 probiotic capsules containing 1 × 109 CFU/g LA-5 with 1 fluconazole placebo capsule. The samples were taken from patients to evaluate the vaginal pH and microbiological tests before, 30-35 days, and 60-65 days after starting the treatment. The signs and symptoms were assessed before the intervention and the first and second follow-ups. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, independent t, and ANCOVA tests were then used for data analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.127) in the frequency of negative culture 30-35 days after starting the treatment, but the frequency of negative culture 60-65 days after starting treatment in the fluconazole group was significantly higher than that of the probiotic group (p = 0.016). The abnormal discharge and vulvovaginal erythema in the first and second follow-ups and also pruritus in the second follow-up in the fluconazole group were significantly lower than those in the probiotic group (p < 0.05). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in burning, frequent urination, dysuria, and dyspareunia between the groups (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation had an effect similar to that of fluconazole in treating most symptoms of VVC, but it was less effective than the latter in preventing recurrence. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20110826007418N5. Date of registration: 3 March 2021; URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/50819 ; Date of first registration: 10 March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mollazadeh-Narestan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Yavarikia
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni-Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jain M, Stitt G, Son L, Enioutina EY. Probiotics and Their Bioproducts: A Promising Approach for Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2393. [PMID: 37894051 PMCID: PMC10608974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health problem that poses a threat to the successful treatment of various bacterial infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Conventional treatment of MRSA and VRE infections is challenging and often requires alternative or combination therapies that may have limited efficacy, higher costs, and/or more adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Probiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are two promising approaches that have shown potential benefits in various diseases. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. AMPs, usually produced with probiotic bacteria, are short amino acid sequences that have broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Both probiotics and AMPs can modulate the host immune system, inhibit the growth and adhesion of pathogens, disrupt biofilms, and enhance intestinal barrier function. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of probiotics and AMPs in targeting multi-drug-resistant bacteria, with a focus on MRSA and VRE. In addition, we discuss future directions for the clinical use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (M.J.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
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Zagmignan A, Mendes YC, Mesquita GP, dos Santos GDC, Silva LDS, de Souza Sales AC, Castelo Branco SJDS, Junior ARC, Bazán JMN, Alves ER, de Almeida BL, Santos AKM, Firmo WDCA, Silva MRC, Cantanhede Filho AJ, de Miranda RDCM, da Silva LCN. Short-Term Intake of Theobroma grandiflorum Juice Fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 Amended the Outcome of Endotoxemia Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041059. [PMID: 36839417 PMCID: PMC9962425 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a condition caused by increasing levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) characterized by an impaired systemic response that causes multiple organ dysfunction. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 is a strain with probiotic potential which shows immunomodulatory properties. The incorporation of this bacterium in food rich in bioactive compounds, such as cupuaçu juice (Theobroma grandiflorum), could result in a product with interesting health properties. This work evaluated the effects of the oral administration of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus on the outcome of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. C57BL/6 mice (12/group) received oral doses (100 µL) of saline solution and unfermented or fermented cupuaçu juice (108 CFU/mL). After 5 days, the endotoxemia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg). The endotoxemia severity was evaluated daily using a score based on grooming behavior, mobility, presence of piloerection, and weeping eyes. After 6 h and 120 h, the mice (6/group) were euthanized for analysis of cell counts (in peritoneal lavage and serum) and organ weight. L. rhamnosus grew in cupuaçu juice and produced organic acids without the need for supplementation. The bacteria counts were stable in the juice during storage at 4 °C for 28 days. The fermentation with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 changed the metabolites profile of cupuaçu juice due to the biotransformation and enhancement of some compounds. In general, the administration of L. rhamnosus-fermented juice allowed a significant improvement in several characteristics of endotoxemic status (weight loss, hypothermia, severity index, cell migration). In addition, treatment with fermented juice significantly reduced the weight of the spleen, liver, intestine, and kidneys compared to the saline-treated endotoxemic group. Taken together, our data show that short-term intake therapy of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 can reduce systemic inflammation in an experimental model of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Serviços e Programas de Saúde, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Yasmim Costa Mendes
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edinalva Rodrigues Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Serviços e Programas de Saúde, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Anne Karoline Maiorana Santos
- Laboratório de Extração e Cromatografia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus Monte Castelo, São Luís 65030-005, MA, Brazil
| | - Wellyson da Cunha Araújo Firmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Serviços e Programas de Saúde, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Imperatriz, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Imperatriz 65900-000, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Cantanhede Filho
- Laboratório de Extração e Cromatografia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus Monte Castelo, São Luís 65030-005, MA, Brazil
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Poon Y, Hui M. Inhibitory effect of lactobacilli supernatants on biofilm and filamentation of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105949. [PMID: 36860488 PMCID: PMC9969145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic Lactobacillus strains had been investigated for the potential to protect against infection caused by the major fungal pathogen of human, Candida albicans. Besides antifungal activity, lactobacilli demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans. On the other hand, two commonly isolated non-albicans Candida species, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, have similar characteristics in filamentation and biofilm formation with C. albicans. However, there is scant information of the effect of lactobacilli on the two species. Methods In this study, biofilm inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 were tested on the reference strain C. albicans SC5314 and six bloodstream isolated clinical strains, two each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Results and Discussion Cell-free culture supernatants (CFSs) of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum significantly inhibited in vitro biofilm growth of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. L. acidophilus, conversely, had little effect on C. albicans and C. tropicalis but was more effective on inhibiting C. parapsilosis biofilms. Neutralized L. rhamnosus CFS at pH 7 retained the inhibitory effect, suggesting that exometabolites other than lactic acid produced by the Lactobacillus strain might be accounted for the effect. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum CFSs on the filamentation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains. Significantly less Candida filaments were observed after co-incubating with CFSs under hyphae-inducing conditions. Expressions of six biofilm-related genes (ALS1, ALS3, BCR1, EFG1, TEC1, and UME6 in C. albicans and corresponding orthologs in C. tropicalis) in biofilms co-incubated with CFSs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. When compared to untreated control, the expressions of ALS1, ALS3, EFG1, and TEC1 genes were downregulated in C. albicans biofilm. In C. tropicalis biofilms, ALS3 and UME6 were downregulated while TEC1 was upregulated. Taken together, the L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum strains demonstrated an inhibitory effect, which is likely mediated by the metabolites secreted into culture medium, on filamentation and biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Our finding suggested an alternative to antifungals for controlling Candida biofilm.
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Secretions from Serratia marcescens Inhibit the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Microbiol 2023; 61:221-232. [PMID: 36809632 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Candida spp. and Cryptococcus are conditional pathogenic fungi that commonly infect immunocompromised patients. Over the past few decades, the increase in antifungal resistance has prompted the development of new antifungal agents. In this study, we explored the potential antifungal effects of secretions from Serratia marcescens on Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. We confirmed that the supernatant of S. marcescens inhibited fungal growth, suppressed hyphal and biofilm formation, and downregulated the expression of hyphae-specific genes and virulence-related genes in Candida spp. and C. neoformans. Furthermore, the S. marcescens supernatant retained biological stability after heat, pH, and protease K treatment. The chemical profile of the S. marcescens supernatant was characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry analysis and a total of 61 compounds with an mzCloud best match of greater than 70 were identified. In vivo, treatment with the S. marcescens supernatant reduced the mortality of fungi-infected Galleria mellonella. Taken together, our results revealed that the stable antifungal substances in the supernatant of S. marcescens have promising potential applications in the development of new antifungal agents.
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Takano T, Kudo H, Eguchi S, Matsumoto A, Oka K, Yamasaki Y, Takahashi M, Koshikawa T, Takemura H, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H, Kunishima H. Inhibitory effects of vaginal Lactobacilli on C andida albicans growth, hyphal formation, biofilm development, and epithelial cell adhesion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1113401. [PMID: 37201113 PMCID: PMC10188118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antifungal agents are not always efficient in resolving vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common genital infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida spp., including Candida albicans, or in preventing recurrent infections. Although lactobacilli (which are dominant microorganisms constituting healthy human vaginal microbiota) are important barriers against VVC, the Lactobacillus metabolite concentration needed to suppress VVC is unknown. Methods We quantitatively evaluated Lactobacillus metabolite concentrations to determine their effect on Candida spp., including 27 vaginal strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, with inhibitory abilities against biofilms of C. albicans clinical isolates. Results Lactobacillus culture supernatants suppressed viable fungi by approximately 24%-92% relative to preformed C. albicans biofilms; however, their suppression differed among strains and not species. A moderate negative correlation was found between Lactobacillus lactate production and biofilm formation, but no correlation was observed between hydrogen peroxide production and biofilm formation. Both lactate and hydrogen peroxide were required to suppress C. albicans planktonic cell growth. Lactobacillus strains that significantly inhibited biofilm formation in culture supernatant also inhibited C. albicans adhesion to epithelial cells in an actual live bacterial adhesion competition test. Discussion Healthy human microflora and their metabolites may play important roles in the development of new antifungal agent against C. albicans-induced VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Takano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayami Kudo
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Eguchi
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Yamasaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuro Koshikawa
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyuki Kunishima,
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Insect Models in Nutrition Research. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111668. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most diverse organisms on earth, accounting for ~80% of all animals. They are valuable as model organisms, particularly in the context of genetics, development, behavior, neurobiology and evolutionary biology. Compared to other laboratory animals, insects are advantageous because they are inexpensive to house and breed in large numbers, making them suitable for high-throughput testing. They also have a short life cycle, facilitating the analysis of generational effects, and they fulfil the 3R principle (replacement, reduction and refinement). Many insect genomes have now been sequenced, highlighting their genetic and physiological similarities with humans. These factors also make insects favorable as whole-animal high-throughput models in nutritional research. In this review, we discuss the impact of insect models in nutritional science, focusing on studies investigating the role of nutrition in metabolic diseases and aging/longevity. We also consider food toxicology and the use of insects to study the gut microbiome. The benefits of insects as models to study the relationship between nutrition and biological markers of fitness and longevity can be exploited to improve human health.
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Fenley JDC, de Barros PP, do Carmo PHF, Garcia MT, Rossoni RD, Junqueira JC. Repurposing HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir and Darunavir as Antifungal Treatments against Candida albicans Infections: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5379-5389. [PMID: 36354676 PMCID: PMC9688711 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the chief etiological agent of candidiasis, a mycosis prevalent in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In recent years, the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) has reduced the prevalence of candidiasis in these patients. Seeking new therapeutic strategies based on the perspective of drug repositioning, we evaluated the effects of two second-generation HIV-PIs, atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV), on virulence factors of C. albicans and experimental candidiasis. For this, clinical strains of C. albicans were subjected to in vitro and in vivo treatments with ATV or DRV. As a result, ATV and DRV exhibited antifungal activity against fungal cells at 512 μg/mL, reduced the viability and biomass of biofilms, and inhibited filamentation of C. albicans. In addition, these HIV-PIs downregulated the expression of SAP2 and BRC1 genes of C. albicans. In an in vivo study, prophylactic use of ATV and DRV prolonged the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans. Therefore, ATV and DRV showed activity against C. albicans by reducing cell growth, biofilm formation, filamentation, and expression of virulence genes. Furthermore, ATV and DRV decreased experimental candidiasis, suggesting the repurposing of HIV-PIs as antifungal treatments for C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de C. Fenley
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P. de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte 59300-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. F. do Carmo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Maíra T. Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rodnei D. Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
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Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0027222. [PMID: 36286515 PMCID: PMC9664955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
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Pokhrel S, Boonmee N, Tulyaprawat O, Pharkjaksu S, Thaipisutikul I, Chairatana P, Ngamskulrungroj P, Mitrpant C. Assessment of Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans Strains Isolated from Hemocultures and Their Role in Pathogenesis in the Zebrafish Model. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101014. [PMID: 36294579 PMCID: PMC9605499 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen, has the ability to form biofilms in the host or within medical devices in the body. Biofilms have been associated with disseminated/invasive disease with increased severity of infection by disrupting the host immune response and prolonging antifungal treatment. In this study, the in vivo virulence of three strains with different biofilm formation strengths, that is, non-, weak-, and strong biofilm formers, was evaluated using the zebrafish model. The survival assay and fungal tissue burden were measured. Biofilm-related gene expressions were also investigated. The survival of zebrafish, inoculated with strong biofilms forming C. albicans,, was significantly shorter than strains without biofilms forming C. albicans. However, there were no statistical differences in the burden of viable colonogenic cell number between the groups of the three strains tested. We observed that the stronger the biofilm formation, the higher up-regulation of biofilm-associated genes. The biofilm-forming strain (140 and 57), injected into zebrafish larvae, possessed a higher level of expression of genes associated with adhesion, attachment, filamentation, and cell proliferation, including eap1, als3, hwp1, bcr1, and mkc1 at 8 h. The results suggested that, despite the difference in genetic background, biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for the pathogenesis of C. albicans. However, the association between biofilm formation strength and in vivo virulence is controversial and needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabi Pokhrel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Boonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Orawan Tulyaprawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sujiraphong Pharkjaksu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Iyarit Thaipisutikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Phoom Chairatana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Popchai Ngamskulrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Mitrpant
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Rodríguez-Arias RJ, Guachi-Álvarez BO, Montalvo-Vivero DE, Machado A. Lactobacilli displacement and Candida albicans inhibition on initial adhesion assays: a probiotic analysis. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:239. [PMID: 35799214 PMCID: PMC9264498 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluates the probiotic activity of three vaginal Lactobacillus gasseri (H59.2, IMAUFB014, and JCM1131) and one non-vaginal L. plantarum ATCC14917 against three Candida albicans (ATCC10231, candidiasis, and healthy vaginal microbiota). Displacement of lactobacilli and adhesion inhibition of C. albicans were evaluated on an abiotic surface through adhesion assays with different experimental settings (ES) through low (1.0E + 03 CFU/ml) and high (1.00E + 09 CFU/ml) levels of colonization. ES simulated dysbiosis (ES1 and ES4), candidiasis (ES2), and healthy vaginal microbiota (ES3). Results At ES2 and ES3, L. gasseri H59.2 showed discrepant inhibition values among C. albicans isolates (ES2: P = 0.008, ES3: P = 0.030; two‐way ANOVA). L. plantarum was only displaced by 23%, 31%, 54%, and 94% against low and high levels of C. albicans ATCC10231. L. plantarum was less displaced, when compared to L. gasseri strains (ES1: 61–84%, ES2: 82–96%, ES3: 83–95%, and ES4: 73–97%), showing multiple statistical differences (ES1: P = < 0.001, ES2: P = 0.003, and ES3: P = < 0.001; two‐way ANOVA). L. plantarum also showed a superior inhibition of C. albicans ATCC10231 in ES1 (81%) and ES2 (58%) when compared to L. gasseri strains (ES1: 27–73%, P < 0.001; and ES2:1–49%, P < 0.001; two‐way ANOVA). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06114-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Josue Rodríguez-Arias
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Omar Guachi-Álvarez
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dominique Esther Montalvo-Vivero
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Galleria mellonella as a Novel In Vivo Model to Screen Natural Product-Derived Modulators of Innate Immunity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulators are drugs that either stimulate or suppress the immune system in response to an immunopathological disease or cancer. The majority of clinically approved immunomodulators are either chemically synthesised (e.g., dexamethasone) or protein-based (e.g., monoclonal antibodies), whose uses are limited due to toxicity issues, poor bioavailability, or prohibitive cost. Nature is an excellent source of novel compounds, as it is estimated that almost half of all licenced medicines are derived from nature or inspired by natural product (NP) structures. The clinical success of the fungal-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporin A demonstrates the potential of natural products as immunomodulators. Conventionally, the screening of NP molecules for immunomodulation is performed in small animal models; however, there is a growing impetus to replace animal models with more ethical alternatives. One novel approach is the use of Galleria melonella larvae as an in vivo model of immunity. Despite lacking adaptive antigen-specific immunity, this insect possesses an innate immune system comparable to mammals. In this review, we will describe studies that have used this alternative in vivo model to assess the immunomodulating activity of synthetic and NP-derived compounds, outline the array of bioassays employed, and suggest strategies to enhance the use of this model in future research.
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Savio C, Mugo-Kamiri L, Upfold JK. Bugs in Bugs: The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Maintenance of Health in Mass-Reared Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040376. [PMID: 35447818 PMCID: PMC9025317 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The importance of insect farming is increasing in the livestock market by evolving into a form of intensive production that is often characterized by a high density of individuals kept in closed environments. These conditions can cause a higher risk of occurrence of insect diseases and the lowering of reproductive and growth performances. The role of microbiota composition in insect behaviour and health maintenance could be further studied for selecting microorganisms that act as probiotics for the main mass reared insect species. These probiotics could enhance host performances and reduce the incidence of risks related to insect diseases. Abstract Interactions between insects and their microbiota affect insect behaviour and evolution. When specific microorganisms are provided as a dietary supplement, insect reproduction, food conversion and growth are enhanced and health is improved in cases of nutritional deficiency or pathogen infection. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of insect–microbiota interactions, to review the role of probiotics, their general use in insects reared for food and feed, and their interactions with the host microbiota. We review how bacterial strains have been selected for insect species reared for food and feed and discuss methods used to isolate and measure the effectiveness of a probiotic. We outline future perspectives on probiotic applications in mass-reared insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Savio
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, GME, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France;
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Loretta Mugo-Kamiri
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jennifer K. Upfold
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, GME, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaildsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Gutierrez MW, van Tilburg Bernardes E, Changirwa D, McDonald B, Arrieta MC. "Molding" immunity-modulation of mucosal and systemic immunity by the intestinal mycobiome in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:573-583. [PMID: 35474360 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are important yet understudied contributors to the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract. Starting at birth, the intestinal mycobiome undergoes a period of dynamic maturation under the influence of microbial, host, and extrinsic influences, with profound functional implications for immune development in early life, and regulation of immune homeostasis throughout life. Candida albicans serves as a model organism for understanding the cross-talk between fungal colonization dynamics and immunity, and exemplifies unique mechanisms of fungal-immune interactions, including fungal dimorphism, though our understanding of other intestinal fungi is growing. Given the prominent role of the gut mycobiome in promoting immune homeostasis, emerging evidence points to fungal dysbiosis as an influential contributor to immune dysregulation in a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Here we review current knowledge on the factors that govern host-fungi interactions in the intestinal tract and immunological outcomes in both mucosal and systemic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W Gutierrez
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erik van Tilburg Bernardes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Diana Changirwa
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Multiple surface interaction mechanisms direct the anchoring, co-aggregation and formation of dual-species biofilm between Candida albicans and Helicobacter pylori. J Adv Res 2022; 35:169-185. [PMID: 35024198 PMCID: PMC8721356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polymicrobial biofilms have a significant impact on pathogenesis of infectious microorganisms. Many human diseases are affected by colonization of multi-species communities affecting negatively the treatments and increase the risks for the health. In particular, in the epithelium of the stomach co-existence between C. albicans and H. pylori has been described, which has been associated to a synergistic effect on ulcer pathogenesis. Objective The objective of this work was to advance in the understanding of surface interaction between H. pylori and C. albicans for the formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Methods Studies of microbial surfaces both bacterium, yeast and co-cultures of them were carried out by infrared spectroscopy, deconvolution analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, and optic microscopy. Additional methods were used to contrast the results as dynamic light scattering, contact angle, agarose gel electrophoresis and gene amplification. Results Several surface interaction mechanisms promote the anchoring of H. pylori on C. albicans, cell co-aggregation, and polymicrobial biofilm formation, main identified interactions were: (i) hydrophobic interactions between non-polar peptide chains and lipid structures, characterized by θw among 84.9 ± 1.6 (γ = 22.78 mJ/m2 with 95.3 of dispersive contribution) and 76.6 ± 3.8 (γ = 17.34 mJ/m2, 40.2 of dispersive contribution) for C. albicans and H. pylori, respectively, (ii) hydrogen bonds between surface components of yeast and bacterium (e.g., -S-H⋅⋅⋅NH2- or -S-H⋅⋅⋅O[bond, double bond]CO-) and (iii) thiol-mediated surface interactions identified by displacements to lower wavenumbers (Δv = 5 cm-1). Evidence of internalization and electrostatic interactions were not evidenced. All observations were congruent with the biofilm formation, including the identification of small-size biostructures (i.e., 122-459 nm) associated with extracellular proteins, extracellular DNA, or outer membrane vesicles were observed characteristic of biofilm formation. Conclusion It is concluded that biofilm is formed by co-aggregation after anchoring of H. pylori on C. albicans. Several surface interactions were associated with the prevalence of H. pylori, the possibility to find C. albicans in the stomach epithelium infected by H. pylori, but also, strength interactions could be interfering in experimental observations associated with bacterial-DNA detection in culture mixtures.
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Evaluation of Microbiome Alterations Following Consumption of BIOHM, a Novel Probiotic. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2135-2146. [PMID: 34940122 PMCID: PMC8928933 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis may result in harmful effects on the host, including those caused by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The novel probiotic BIOHM, consisting of Bifidobacterium breve, Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and amylase, was developed to rebalance the bacterial–fungal gut microbiome, with the goal of reducing inflammation and maintaining a healthy gut population. To test the effect of BIOHM on human subjects, we enrolled a cohort of 49 volunteers in collaboration with the Fermentation Festival group (Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The profiles of gut bacterial and fungal communities were assessed via stool samples collected at baseline and following 4 weeks of once-a-day BIOHM consumption. Mycobiome analysis following probiotic consumption revealed an increase in Ascomycota levels in enrolled individuals and a reduction in Zygomycota levels (p value < 0.01). No statistically significant difference in Basidiomycota was detected between pre- and post-BIOHM samples and control abundance profiles (p > 0.05). BIOHM consumption led to a significant reduction in the abundance of Candida genus in tested subjects (p value < 0.013), while the abundance of C. albicans also trended lower than before BIOHM use, albeit not reaching statistical significance. A reduction in the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level was observed following BIOHM use, which approached levels reported for control individuals reported in the Human Microbiome Project data. The preliminary results from this clinical study suggest that BIOHM is capable of significantly rebalancing the bacteriome and mycobiome in the gut of healthy individuals, suggesting that further trials examining the utility of the BIOHM probiotic in individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms, where dysbiosis is considered a source driving pathogenesis, are warranted.
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MacAlpine J, Daniel-Ivad M, Liu Z, Yano J, Revie NM, Todd RT, Stogios PJ, Sanchez H, O'Meara TR, Tompkins TA, Savchenko A, Selmecki A, Veri AO, Andes DR, Fidel PL, Robbins N, Nodwell J, Whitesell L, Cowen LE. A small molecule produced by Lactobacillus species blocks Candida albicans filamentation by inhibiting a DYRK1-family kinase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6151. [PMID: 34686660 PMCID: PMC8536679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can exploit imbalances in microbiome composition to invade its human host, causing pathologies ranging from vaginal candidiasis to fungal sepsis. Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are colonizers of human mucosa and can produce compounds with bioactivity against C. albicans. Here, we show that some Lactobacillus species produce a small molecule under laboratory conditions that blocks the C. albicans yeast-to-filament transition, an important virulence trait. It remains unexplored whether the compound is produced in the context of the human host. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Lactobacillus-conditioned medium linked this activity to 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1-ABC). We use genetic approaches to show that filamentation inhibition by 1-ABC requires Yak1, a DYRK1-family kinase. Additional biochemical characterization of structurally related 1-ethoxycarbonyl-β-carboline confirms that it inhibits Yak1 and blocks C. albicans biofilm formation. Thus, our findings reveal Lactobacillus-produced 1-ABC can prevent the yeast-to-filament transition in C. albicans through inhibition of Yak1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie MacAlpine
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zhongle Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junko Yano
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole M Revie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert T Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter J Stogios
- BioZone, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Teresa R O'Meara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- BioZone, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Selmecki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda O Veri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul L Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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22
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Mishra K, Bukavina L, Ghannoum M. Symbiosis and Dysbiosis of the Human Mycobiome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636131. [PMID: 34630340 PMCID: PMC8493257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiological species has gained increased visibility and traction in the medical domain with major revelations about the role of bacteria on symbiosis and dysbiosis. A large reason for these revelations can be attributed to advances in deep-sequencing technologies. However, the research on the role of fungi has lagged. With the continued utilization of sequencing technologies in conjunction with traditional culture assays, we have the opportunity to shed light on the complex interplay between the bacteriome and the mycobiome as they relate to human health. In this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the human mycobiome in healthy and diseased states in a systematic way. The authors hope that the reader will utilize this review as a scaffolding to formulate their understanding of the mycobiome and pursue further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtishri Mishra
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura Bukavina
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Medical Mycology, and Integrated Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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23
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Secondary Metabolites from Food-Derived Yeasts Inhibit Virulence of Candida albicans. mBio 2021; 12:e0189121. [PMID: 34399611 PMCID: PMC8406282 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01891-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A sparse number of available antifungal drugs, therapeutic side effects, and drug resistance are major challenges in current antifungal therapy to treat Candida albicans-associated infections. Here, we describe two food-derived yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia occidentalis, that inhibit virulence traits of C. albicans, including hyphal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. These yeasts also protect the model host Caenorhabditis elegans from C. albicans infection. We demonstrate that the protective activity is primarily retained in the secretome of the beneficial yeasts, and the protection they provide as a physical barrier is negligible. S. cerevisiae aro8 aro9 mutant analysis demonstrate that phenylethanol and tryptophol are necessary for protection, and experiments with commercially procured compounds indicate that they are sufficient to inhibit C. albicans virulence. We propose food-derived yeasts as an alternative or combination therapy to conventional antifungal therapy for C. albicans infection. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome, primarily established by food, is complex and contributes to the health of the host. Molecular mechanisms that regulate microbial interactions and host health remain unclear. Here, we show that the pathogen C. albicans interacts with food-derived beneficial yeasts in the gut of the microscopic worm, C. elegans, forming a simple microbiome. C. albicans can colonize the worm gut, compromising the worm's health, and exposure to the food-derived yeasts ameliorates this effect protecting the nematode host. We identify small molecules from food-derived yeasts that are necessary and sufficient to inhibit multiple virulence traits of C. albicans and protect the nematode host. The nematode gut faithfully recapitulates a mammalian intestine. This could be an effective alternative or combination therapy for C. albicans infection.
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24
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Identification of Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans with Increased Fitness in Colonization of the Murine Gut. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090695. [PMID: 34575733 PMCID: PMC8468482 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal and opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is an important cause of fungal diseases in humans, with the gastrointestinal tract being an important reservoir for its infections. The study of the mechanisms promoting the C. albicans commensal state has attracted considerable attention over the last few years, and several studies have focused on the identification of the intestinal human mycobiota and the characterization of Candida genes involved in its establishment as a commensal. In this work, we have barcoded 114 clinical C. albicans isolates to identify strains with an enhanced fitness in a murine gastrointestinal commensalism model. The 114 barcoded clinical isolates were pooled in four groups of 28 to 30 strains that were inoculated by gavage in mice previously treated with antibacterial therapy. Eight strains that either exhibited higher colonization load and/or remained in the gut after antibiotic removal were selected. The phenotypic analysis of these strains compared to an RFP-tagged SC5314 wild type strain did not reveal any specific trait associated with its increased colonization; all strains were able to filament and six of the eight strains displayed invasive growth on Spider medium. Analysis of one of these strains, CaORAL3, revealed that although mice required previous bacterial microbiota reduction with antibiotics to be able to be colonized, removal of this procedure could take place the same day (or even before) Candida inoculation. This strain was able to colonize the intestine of mice already colonized with Candida without antibiotic treatment in co-housing experiments. CaORAL3 was also able to be established as a commensal in mice previously colonized by another (CaHG43) or the same (CaORAL3) C. albicans strain. Therefore, we have identified C. albicans isolates that display higher colonization load than the standard strain SC5314 which will surely facilitate the analysis of the factors that regulate fungal colonization.
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25
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Lordello VB, Meneguin AB, de Annunzio SR, Taranto MP, Chorilli M, Fontana CR, Cavallini DCU. Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti- Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070998. [PMID: 34209453 PMCID: PMC8309053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Barreto Lordello
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Pía Taranto
- Reference Center for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000 ILC, Argentina;
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.F.); (D.C.U.C.)
| | - Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01-s/n, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (V.B.L.); (A.B.M.); (S.R.d.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.F.); (D.C.U.C.)
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26
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Zhao W, Wang X, Zhao C, Yan Z. Immunomodulatory mechanism of Bacillus subtilis R0179 in RAW 264.7 cells against Candida albicans challenge. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104988. [PMID: 34044051 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the immunomodulatory and anti-Candida mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) R0179 in macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells were first challenged with B. subtilis R0179. B. subtilis R0179 was found to down-regulate the signals of Dectin-1, Card9, P-Iκ-Bα, Iκ-Bα, and NF-κB. Meanwhile, it reduced the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but increased the level of cytokine IL-10. Then RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with B. subtilis R0179 before challenged with Candida albicans (C. albicans) or RAW 264.7 cells were co-treated with B. subtilis R0179 and C. albicans. In the presence of C. albicans, B. subtilis R0179 also showed the similar immunomodulatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells. Hence, this study provides the first insight into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of B. subtilis R0179 on the Dectin-1-related downstream signaling pathways in macrophages, which may prevent tissue damage caused by excessive pro-inflammatory response during the infection of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China; National Center of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China; National Center of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China; National Center of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China.
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Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Probiotics as Therapeutic Agents for Candida Vulvovaginitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030306. [PMID: 33802636 PMCID: PMC8002407 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can potentially prevent and treat diseases. We examined the inhibitory activity of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs) from potentially probiotic lactobacilli and streptococci on Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans clinical isolates from women with vulvovaginitis. Using agar well diffusion assays, BLISs inhibited both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans isolates. The BLIS from L. pentosus isolates had the highest anti-Candida activity (33/45; 73.3%), followed by BLISs from isolates of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei (31/45; 68.9%), L. rhamnosus I (30/45; 66.7%), L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis I (30/45; 66.7%), and S. uberis II (30/45; 66.7%). Upon characterization according to the retained activity under variable physical and chemical conditions, the BLISs showed stability against heat, pH, and surfactants, but were protease-sensitive, which suggests a proteinaceous nature of the active substances. Using crystal violet assays, the BLISs reduced the Candida biofilm biomass significantly as compared to a control group that lacked BLISs. In vivo testing of the antagonistic activity was performed using the Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae model. BLISs significantly improved survival in G. mellonella larvae treated with Candida isolates on the first, second, and seventh days, as compared to larvae inoculated with Candida only (p < 0.01). The results show that BLISs can be used as biotherapeutic agents in vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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28
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Mendes YC, Mesquita GP, Costa GDE, Barbosa da Silva AC, Gouveia E, Silva MRC, Monteiro-Neto V, de Miranda RDCM, Nascimento da Silva LC, Zagmignan A. Evaluation of Growth, Viability, Lactic Acid Production and Anti-Infective Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 in Bacuri Juice ( Platonia insignis). Foods 2021; 10:foods10030603. [PMID: 33809284 PMCID: PMC7999822 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit juices have been emerging as excellent vehicles for development of probiotic products due to their nutritional properties and presence of bioactive compounds. This work evaluated the growth and viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 in bacuri juice (Platonia insignis Mart., Clusiaceae). Both strains were able to grow in bacuri juice, without any supplementation. Viability was kept after 28 days of storage; however, growth was significantly higher for L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 (7.40 ± 0.04 Log CFU/mL). Following this, the effects of bacterial inoculum and pulp concentration on growth and lactic acid production by L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 were investigated using a central composite rotational design. The inoculum concentration was the main factor for obtaining the most favorable relation between growth and organic acid production (G/pH ratio). Among the tested conditions, those used in assay 6 allowed the best G/pH ratio (2.13) and higher lactic acid production (4.14 g/L). In these conditions, L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 grown in bacuri juice showed the same resistance towards acidification or addition of lysozyme than when cultivated in MRS. Finally, the anti-infective effects of fermented and non-fermented juices were analyzed using Tenebrio molitor larvae infected by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli 042. The pre-treatment with supernatants of both fermented and non-fermented juices significantly increased the survival of E. coli-infected larvae. However, only the L. rhamnosus-fermented juice had protective effects when inoculated 2 h after infection. Collectively, the results obtained in this research allowed the basis for the development of a non-dairy probiotic product from bacuri juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim Costa Mendes
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle Pereira Mesquita
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle Damasceno Evangelista Costa
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Ana Carolina Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Ester Gouveia
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | | | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65085-582, Brazil;
| | | | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (Y.C.M.); (G.P.M.); (G.D.E.C.); (A.C.B.d.S.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Santos TA, Scorzoni L, Correia R, Junqueira JC, Anbinder AL. Interaction between Lactobacillus reuteri and periodontopathogenic bacteria using in vitro and in vivo (G. mellonella) approaches. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5897357. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, and the major cause of tooth loss in adults. New therapies have been proposed for its treatment, including the use of probiotics such as Lactobacillus reuteri. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of L. reuteri: live, heat-killed and culture filtrate (cell-free supernatant), on periodontopathogenic bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) in vitro, as well as the in vivo survival curve, hemocyte density and microbial recovery using Galleria mellonella. For in vitro assays, all preparations reduced colony forming units of F. nucleatum, while only live L. reuteri reduced the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans. All treatments reduced periodontopathogenic bacteria growth in vivo. The treatment with the supernatant increased the survival of larvae infected with F. nucleatum more than the treatment with live L. reuteri, and none of the treatments altered the survival of A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected larvae. In addition, the treatment with L. reuteri preparations did not alter the hemocyte count of F. nucleatum- and A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected larvae. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri preparations exerted antimicrobial effects and increased the survival of G. mellonella infected by F. nucleatum, although only live L. reuteri was able to reduce the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Aguiar Santos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Raquel Correia
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
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30
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Interactions between invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:137. [PMID: 32794072 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection rates and mortality associated with the invasive fungi Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus are increasing rapidly in prevalence. Meanwhile, screening pressure brought about by traditional antifungal drugs has induced an increase in drug resistance of invasive fungi, which creates a great challenge for the preservation of physical health. Development of new drugs and novel strategies are therefore important to meet these growing challenges. Recent studies have confirmed that the dynamic balance of microorganisms in the body is correlated with the occurrence of infectious diseases. This discovery of interactions between bacteria and fungi provides innovative insight for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, different invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria interact with each other through various ways and targets, leading to different effects on their growth, morphology, and virulence. And the mechanism and implication of these interactions remains largely unknown. The present review aims to summarize the research progress into the interaction between invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria with a focus on the anti-fungal mechanisms of symbiotic bacteria, providing a new strategy against drug-resistant fungal infections.
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31
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Rossoni RD, de Barros PP, Mendonça IDC, Medina RP, Silva DHS, Fuchs BB, Junqueira JC, Mylonakis E. The Postbiotic Activity of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 Against Candida auris. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:397. [PMID: 32850495 PMCID: PMC7417517 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris has emerged as a medically important pathogen with considerable resistance to antifungal agents. The ability to produce biofilms is an important pathogenicity feature of this species that aids escape of host immune responses and antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to verify antifungal action using in vitro and in vivo models of the Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 probiotic cells and postbiotic activity of crude extract (LPCE) and fraction 1 (LPF1), derived from L. paracasei 28.4 supernatant. Both live cells and cells free supernatant of L. paracasei 28.4 inhibited C. auris suggesting probiotic and postbiotic effects. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for LPCE was 15 mg/mL and ranges from 3.75 to 7.5 mg/mL for LPF1. Killing kinetics determined that after 24 h treatment with LPCE or LPF1 there was a complete reduction of viable C. auris cells compared to fluconazole, which decreased the initial inoculum by 1-logCFU during the same time period. LPCE and LPF1 significantly reduced the biomass (p = 0.0001) and the metabolic activity (p = 0.0001) of C. auris biofilm. There was also a total reduction (~108 CFU/mL) in viability of persister C. auris cells after treatment with postbiotic elements (p < 0.0001). In an in vivo study, injection of LPCE and LPF1 into G. mellonella larvae infected with C. auris prolonged survival of these insects compared to a control group (p < 0.05) and elicited immune responses by increasing the number of circulating hemocytes and gene expression of antimicrobial peptide galiomicin. We concluded that the L. paracasei 28.4 cells and postbiotic elements (LPCE and LPF1) have antifungal activity against planktonic cells, biofilms, and persister cells of C. auris. Postbiotic supplementation derived from L. paracasei 28.4 protected G. mellonella infected with C. auris and enhanced its immune status indicating a dual function in modulating a host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Iatã do Carmo Mendonça
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Previate Medina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Moman R, O'Neill CA, Ledder RG, Cheesapcharoen T, McBain AJ. Mitigation of the Toxic Effects of Periodontal Pathogens by Candidate Probiotics in Oral Keratinocytes, and in an Invertebrate Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32612578 PMCID: PMC7308727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and human oral keratinocytes were used to investigate the protective activity of the candidate oral probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LHR), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR), and Streptococcus salivarius K-12 (SS) against the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). Probiotics were delivered to the larvae (i) concomitantly with the pathogen in the same larval pro-leg; (ii) concomitantly with the pathogen in different pro-legs, and (iii) before inoculation with the pathogen in different pro-legs. Probiotics were delivered as viable cells, cell lysates or cell supernatants to the oral keratinocytes concomitantly with the pathogen. The periodontal pathogens killed at least 50% of larvae within 24 h although PG and FN were significantly more virulent than AA in the order FN > PG > AA and were also significantly lethal to mammalian cells. The candidate probiotics, however, were not lethal to the larvae or human oral keratinocytes at doses up to 107 cells/larvae. Wax worm survival rates increased up to 60% for some probiotic/pathogen combinations compared with control larvae inoculated with pathogens only. SS was the most effective probiotic against FN challenge and LHR the least, in simultaneous administration and pre-treatment, SS and LR were generally the most protective against all pathogens (up to 60% survival). For P. gingivalis, LR > LHR > SS, and for A. actinomycetemcomitans SS > LHR and LR. Administering the candidate probiotics to human oral keratinocytes significantly decreased the toxic effects of the periodontal pathogens. In summary, the periodontal pathogens were variably lethal to G. mellonella and human oral keratinocytes and the candidate probiotics had measurable protective effects, which were greatest when administrated simultaneously with the periodontal pathogens, suggesting protective effects based on bacterial interaction, and providing a basis for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Moman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tanaporn Cheesapcharoen
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Development of Probiotic Formulations for Oral Candidiasis Prevention: Gellan Gum as a Carrier To Deliver Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02323-19. [PMID: 32253208 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02323-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics might provide an alternative approach for the control of oral candidiasis. However, studies on the antifungal activity of probiotics in the oral cavity are based on the consumption of yogurt or other dietary products, and it is necessary to use appropriate biomaterials and specific strains to obtain probiotic formulations targeted for local oral administration. In this study, we impregnated gellan gum, a natural biopolymer used as a food additive, with a probiotic and investigated its antifungal activity against Candida albicans Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4, a strain recently isolated from the oral cavity of a caries-free individual, was incorporated in several concentrations of gellan gum (0.6% to 1% [wt/vol]). All tested concentrations could incorporate L. paracasei cells while maintaining bacterial viability. Probiotic-gellan gum formulations were stable for 7 days when stored at room temperature or 4°C. Long-term storage of bacterium-impregnated gellan gum was achieved when L. paracasei 28.4 was lyophilized. The probiotic-gellan gum formulations provided a release of L. paracasei cells over 24 h that was sufficient to inhibit the growth of C. albicans, with effects dependent on the cell concentrations incorporated into gellan gum. The probiotic-gellan gum formulations also had inhibitory activity against Candida sp. biofilms by reducing the number of Candida sp. cells (P < 0.0001), decreasing the total biomass (P = 0.0003), and impairing hyphae formation (P = 0.0002), compared to the control group which received no treatment. Interestingly, a probiotic formulation of 1% (wt/vol) gellan gum provided an oral colonization of L. paracasei in mice with approximately 6 log CFU/ml after 10 days. This formulation inhibited C. albicans growth (P < 0.0001), prevented the development of candidiasis lesions (P = 0.0013), and suppressed inflammation (P = 0.0006) compared to the mice not treated in the microscopic analysis of the tongue dorsum. These results indicate that gellan gum is a promising biomaterial and can be used as a carrier system to promote oral colonization for probiotics that prevent oral candidiasis.
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Willems HME, Ahmed SS, Liu J, Xu Z, Peters BM. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Current Understanding and Burning Questions. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010027. [PMID: 32106438 PMCID: PMC7151053 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, along with other closely related Candida species, are the primary causative agents of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)-a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract resulting in pathologic inflammation. Unlike other forms of candidiasis, VVC is a disease of immunocompetent and otherwise healthy women, most predominant during their child-bearing years. While VVC is non-lethal, its high global incidence and profound negative impact on quality-of-life necessitates further understanding of the host and fungal factors that drive disease pathogenesis. In this review, we cover the current state of our understanding of the epidemiology, host response, fungal pathogenicity mechanisms, impact of the microbiome, and novel approaches to treatment of this most prevalent human candidal infection. We also offer insight into the latest advancements in the VVC field and identify important questions that still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertine M. E. Willems
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (H.M.E.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Salman S. Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (H.M.E.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (H.M.E.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Brian M. Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (H.M.E.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence:
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SCORZONI LILIANA, MENEZES RAQUELTDE, PEREIRA THAISC, OLIVEIRA PRISCILAS, RIBEIRO FELIPEDECAMARGO, SANTOS EVELYNLUZIADESOUZA, FUGISAKI LUCIANAR, OLIVEIRA LUCIANEDDE, AMORIM JOSÉBENEDITOO. Antifungal and anti-biofilm effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on non-albicans Candida species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20200703. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ribeiro F, Rossoni R, Barros P, Santos J, Fugisaki L, Leão M, Junqueira J. Action mechanisms of probiotics on
Candida
spp. and candidiasis prevention: an update. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:175-185. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.C. Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - R.D. Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - P.P. Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - J.D. Santos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - L.R.O. Fugisaki
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
| | - M.P.V. Leão
- Bioscience Basic Institute University of Taubaté Bom Conselho Taubaté SP Brazil
| | - J.C. Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University/UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
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Graf K, Last A, Gratz R, Allert S, Linde S, Westermann M, Gröger M, Mosig AS, Gresnigt MS, Hube B. Keeping Candida commensal: how lactobacilli antagonize pathogenicity of Candida albicans in an in vitro gut model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039719. [PMID: 31413153 PMCID: PMC6765188 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the primary reservoir of Candida albicans that can cause systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. In this reservoir, the fungus exists as a harmless commensal. However, antibiotic treatment can disturb the bacterial microbiota, facilitating fungal overgrowth and favoring pathogenicity. The current in vitro gut models that are used to study the pathogenesis of C. albicans investigate the state in which C. albicans behaves as a pathogen rather than as a commensal. We present a novel in vitro gut model in which the fungal pathogenicity is reduced to a minimum by increasing the biological complexity. In this model, enterocytes represent the epithelial barrier and goblet cells limit C. albicans adhesion and invasion. Significant protection against C. albicans-induced necrotic damage was achieved by the introduction of a microbiota of antagonistic lactobacilli. We demonstrated a time-, dose- and species-dependent protective effect against C. albicans-induced cytotoxicity. This required bacterial growth, which relied on the presence of host cells, but was not dependent on the competition for adhesion sites. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced hyphal elongation, a key virulence attribute. Furthermore, bacterial-driven shedding of hyphae from the epithelial surface, associated with apoptotic epithelial cells, was identified as a main and novel mechanism of damage protection. However, host cell apoptosis was not the driving mechanism behind shedding. Collectively, we established an in vitro gut model that can be used to experimentally dissect commensal-like interactions of C. albicans with a bacterial microbiota and the host epithelial barrier. We also discovered fungal shedding as a novel mechanism by which bacteria contribute to the protection of epithelial surfaces.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graf
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia Last
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rena Gratz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Linde
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Gröger
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany .,Friedrich Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Krüger W, Vielreicher S, Kapitan M, Jacobsen ID, Niemiec MJ. Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in Health and Disease. Pathogens 2019; 8:E70. [PMID: 31117285 PMCID: PMC6630686 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria encounter each other in various niches of the human body. There, they interact directly with one another or indirectly via the host response. In both cases, interactions can affect host health and disease. In the present review, we summarized current knowledge on fungal-bacterial interactions during their commensal and pathogenic lifestyle. We focus on distinct mucosal niches: the oral cavity, lung, gut, and vagina. In addition, we describe interactions during bloodstream and wound infections and the possible consequences for the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Krüger
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Sarah Vielreicher
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Mario Kapitan
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena 07747, Germany.
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena 07747, Germany.
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Maria Joanna Niemiec
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena 07747, Germany.
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Matsuo K, Haku A, Bi B, Takahashi H, Kamada N, Yaguchi T, Saijo S, Yoneyama M, Goto Y. Fecal microbiota transplantation preventsCandida albicansfrom colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:155-163. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Matsuo
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Akira Haku
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Beibei Bi
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Division of Bio‐resourcesMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Division of Bio‐resourcesMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Goto
- Division of Molecular ImmunologyMedical Mycology Research Center, Chiba UniversityChiba Japan
- Division of Mucosal SymbiosisInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
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Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, dos Santos HFS, dos Santos JD, Oliveira NDS, Dutra MTDS, de Lapena SAB, Junqueira JC. Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of diversity of the gut microbiome on inflammation have centered mainly on bacterial flora. Recent research has implicated fungal species and their interactions with other organisms in the inflammatory process. New ways to restore microbial balance in the gut are being explored. Our goal was to identify beneficial probiotic strains that would antagonize these fungal and bacterial pathogens that are elevated in the inflamed gut, and which also have antibiofilm activity. Fungus-bacterium correlation analysis allowed us to identify candidate probiotic species that can antagonize microbial pathogens, which we subsequently incorporated into a novel probiotic formulation. Amylase, which is known to have some antibiofilm activity, was also added to the probiotic mixture. This novel probiotic may have utility for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by disrupting polymicrobial biofilm formation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases. We have shown that levels of Candida tropicalis, along with those of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens, are significantly elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Here, we evaluated the ability of a novel probiotic to prevent and treat polymicrobial biofilms (PMB) formed by C. tropicalis with E. coli and S. marcescens. Since Candida albicans has been reported to be elevated in CD patients, we investigated the interactions of C. albicans with these bacterial species in biofilm formation. We determined whether the interaction between Candida spp. and bacteria is specific by using Trichosporon inkin and Saccharomyces fibuligera as comparators. Additionally, the effects of probiotics on C. albicans germination and biofilm formation were determined. To determine the ability of the probiotic to prevent or treat mature biofilms, probiotic filtrate was added to the PMB at early (prevention) and mature (treatment) phases. Biofilm thickness and architecture were assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. The effects of the probiotic on germination were evaluated in the presence of serum. Exposure of C. tropicalis PMB to probiotic filtrate reduced biofilm matrix, decreased thickness, and inhibited hyphal formation. We showed that C. albicans or C. tropicalis formed significantly thicker PMB than control biofilms, indicating that this interaction is Candida specific. Treatment with probiotic filtrate inhibited C. albicans germination and prevented/treated C. albicans PMB. The designed probiotic may have utility in the management of biofilm-associated gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s and colorectal cancer.
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Kim H, Kang SS. Antifungal activities against Candida albicans, of cell-free supernatants obtained from probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici HW01. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:113-119. [PMID: 30658319 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activities of cell-free supernatants of a probiotic strain, Pediococcus acidilactici HW01, against Candida albicans. DESIGN C. albicans was cultured in the presence of different concentration of cell-free supernatants obtained from P. acidilactici HW01 (HW01 CFS) and the growth of C. albicans was determined. C. albicans was incubated with HW01 CFS for 24 h and the biofilm formation of C. albicans was determined by staining crystal violet and by using a scanning electron microscope. Biofilm quantification was determined by 2, 3-Bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. RESULTS HW01 CFS inhibitedC. albicans growth, whereas bacteriocin, which is a well-known antimicrobial peptide of lactic acid bacteria, failed to inhibit C. albicans growth. Pre-treatment and simultaneous treatment with HW01 CFS exhibited a significant inhibition of C. albicans biofilm. Although post-treatment with HW01 CFS did not disrupt the established biofilm of C. albicans at 3 h-incubation, significant reduced C. albicans biofilm was observed after 6 h-incubation in the presence of HW01 CFS. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the CFS fromP. acidilactici HW01 was revealed as an effective antifungal agent against C. albicans by reducing the growth and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Černáková L, Light C, Salehi B, Rogel-Castillo C, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1214:93-123. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Influence of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis on virulence of Candida albicans: in vitro and in vivo studies. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:215-222. [PMID: 30232727 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate in vitro possible interactions, gene expression, and biofilm formation in species of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguinis and their in vivo pathogenicity. The in vitro analysis evaluated the effects of S. mitis and S. sanguinis on C. albicans's biofilm formation by CFU count, filamentation capacity, and adhesion (ALS1, ALS3, HWP1) and transcriptional regulatory gene (BCR1, CPH1, EFG1) expression. In vivo studies evaluated the pathogenicity of the interaction of the microorganisms on Galleria mellonella, with analyses of the CFU per milliliter count and filamentation. In vitro results indicated that there was an observed decrease in CFU (79.4-71.5%) in multi-species biofilms. The interaction with S. mitis inhibited filamentation, which seems to increase its virulence factor with over-expression of genes ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 as well the interaction with S. sanguinis as ALS3 and HWP1. S. mitis upregulated BRC1, CPH1, and EFG1. The histological images of in vivo study indicate an increase in the filamentation of C. albicans when in interaction with the other species. It was concluded that S. mitis interaction suggests increased virulence factors of C. albicans, with periods of lower virulence and proto-cooperation in the interaction with S. sanguinis.
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Culture Supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and L. crispatus Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Adhesion to HeLa Cells. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:691-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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de Barros PP, Rossoni RD, Freire F, Ribeiro FDC, Lopes LADC, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC. Candida tropicalis affects the virulence profile of Candida albicans: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4898016. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Freire
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alexandre das Chagas Lopes
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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de Barros PP, Scorzoni L, Ribeiro FDC, Fugisaki LRDO, Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC, Rossoni RD. Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 reduces in vitro hyphae formation of Candida albicans and prevents the filamentation in an experimental model of Caenorhabditis elegans. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:80-87. [PMID: 29432910 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microbe-microbe interactions to identify a strain of Lactobacillus that could reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans ATCC 18804 using in vitro and in vivo models. Thus presenting a probiotic effect against the fungal pathogen. First, we analyzed the ability of 25 clinical isolates of Lactobacillus to reduce filamentation in C. albicans in vitro. We found that L. paracasei isolate 28.4 exhibited the greatest reduction of C. albicans hyphae (p = 0.0109). This reduction was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The influence of C. albicans filamentation was found to be contributed through reduced gene expression of filament associated genes (TEC1 and UME6). In an in vivo study, prophylactic provisions with L. paracasei increased the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans worms infected with C. albicans (p = 0.0001) by 29%. Prolonged survival was accompanied by the prevention of cuticle rupture of 27% of the worms by filamentation of C. albicans, a phenotype that is characteristic of C. albicans killing of nematodes, compared to the control group. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate 28.4 reduced the filamentation of C. albicans in vitro by negatively regulating the TEC1 and UME6 genes that are essential for the production of hyphae. Prophylactic provision of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 protected C. elegans against candidiasis in vivo. L. paracasei 28.4 has the potential to be employed as an alternative method to control candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ruano de Oliveira Fugisaki
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Francisco Jose Longo 777, Sao Dimas, Sao Jose dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
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Matsubara VH, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Bueno-Silva B, Nakamae AEM, Mayer MPA. Probiotic Bacteria Alter Pattern-Recognition Receptor Expression and Cytokine Profile in a Human Macrophage Model Challenged with Candida albicans and Lipopolysaccharide. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2280. [PMID: 29238325 PMCID: PMC5712552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer benefits to the host health. The infection rate of potentially pathogenic organisms such as Candida albicans, the most common agent associated with mucosal candidiasis, can be reduced by probiotics. However, the mechanisms by which the probiotics interfere with the immune system are largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of probiotic bacteria on C. albicans challenged human macrophages. Macrophages were pretreated with lactobacilli alone (Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR32, Lactobacillus casei L324m, or Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) or associated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by the challenge with C. albicans or LPS in a co-culture assay. The expression of pattern-recognition receptors genes (CLE7A, TLR2, and TLR4) was determined by RT-qPCR, and dectin-1 reduced levels were confirmed by flow cytometry. The cytokine profile was determined by ELISA using the macrophage cell supernatant. Overall probiotic lactobacilli down-regulated the transcription of CLEC7A (p < 0.05), resulting in the decreased expression of dectin-1 on probiotic pretreated macrophages. The tested Lactobacillus species down-regulated TLR4, and increased TLR2 mRNA levels in macrophages challenged with C. albicans. The cytokines profile of macrophages challenged with C. albicans or LPS were altered by the probiotics, which generally led to increased levels of IL-10 and IL-1β, and reduction of IL-12 production by macrophages (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that probiotic lactobacilli impair the recognition of PAMPs by macrophages, and alter the production of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Matsubara
- Dental School, Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Dental Division Research, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Atlas E M Nakamae
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rossoni RD, Dos Santos Velloso M, Figueiredo LMA, Martins CP, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC. Clinical strains of Lactobacillus reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans and protect Galleria mellonella against experimental candidiasis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:307-314. [PMID: 29170992 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen and can grow as yeast or filaments, depending on the environmental conditions. The filamentous form is of particular interest because it can play a direct role in adherence and pathogenicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three clinical strains of Lactobacillus on C. albicans filamentation as well as their probiotic potential in pathogen-host interactions via an experimental candidiasis model study in Galleria mellonella. We used the reference strain Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and three clinical strains of Lactobacillus: L. rhamnosus strain 5.2, L. paracasei strain 20.3, and L. fermentum strain 20.4. First, the capacity of C. albicans to form hyphae was tested in vitro through association with the Lactobacillus strains. After that, we verified the ability of these strains to attenuate experimental candidiasis in a Galleria mellonella model through a survival curve assay. Regarding the filamentation assay, a significant reduction in hyphae formation of up to 57% was observed when C. albicans was incubated in the presence of the Lactobacillus strains, compared to a control group composed of only C. albicans. In addition, when the larvae were pretreated with Lactobacillus spp. prior to C. albicans infection, the survival rate of G. mellonela increased in all experimental groups. We concluded that Lactobacillus influences the growth and expression C. albicans virulence factors, which may interfere with the pathogenicity of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marisol Dos Santos Velloso
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pistille Martins
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borman AM. Of mice and men and larvae: Galleria mellonella to model the early host-pathogen interactions after fungal infection. Virulence 2017; 9:9-12. [PMID: 28933671 PMCID: PMC5955190 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1382799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Borman
- a UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory (MRL) , Public Health England South-West , Bristol , UK
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