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Wani MY, Ahmad A, Aqlan FM, Al-Bogami AS. Citral derivative activates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis signaling pathways in Candida albicans by generating oxidative stress. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105260. [PMID: 34399319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For combating life-threatening infections caused by Candida albicans there is an urgent requirement of new antifungal agents with a targeted activity and low host cytotoxicity. Manipulating the mechanistic basis of cell death decision in yeast may provide an alternative approach for future antifungal therapeutics. Herein, the effect of an active citral derivative (Cd1) over the physiology of cell death in C. albicans was assessed. The viability of C. albicans SC5314 cells was determined by broth microdilution assay. The crucial morphological changes and apoptotic markers in Cd1-exposed yeast cells were analyzed. Subsequently the results confirmed that Cd1 arrested growth and caused death in yeast cells. Furthermore, this molecule inhibited antioxidant enzymes that resulted in production of reactive oxygen species. DNA fragmentation and condensation, phosphatidylserine exposure at the outer leaflet of cell membrane, mitochondrial disintegration as well as accumulation of cells at G2/M phase of the cell cycle were recorded. Altogether, this derivative induced apoptotic-type cell death in C. albicans SC5314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Younus Wani
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Faisal Mohammed Aqlan
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Al-Bogami
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kamli MR, Srivastava V, Hajrah NH, Sabir JSM, Hakeem KR, Ahmad A, Malik MA. Facile Bio-Fabrication of Ag-Cu-Co Trimetallic Nanoparticles and Its Fungicidal Activity against Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010062. [PMID: 33477480 PMCID: PMC7831063 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emergent multidrug-resistant pathogen that can lead to severe bloodstream infections associated with high mortality rates, especially in hospitalized individuals suffering from serious medical problems. As Candida auris is often multidrug-resistant, there is a persistent demand for new antimycotic drugs with novel antifungal action mechanisms. Here, we reported the facile, one-pot, one-step biosynthesis of biologically active Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. These medicinally important phytochemicals act as a reducing agent and stabilize/capping in the nanoparticles' fabrication process. Fourier Transform-Infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-Ray, X-ray powder diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were used to classify the as-synthesized nanoparticles. Moreover, we evaluated the antifungal mechanism of as-synthesized nanoparticles against different clinical isolates of C. auris. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 0.39-0.78 μg/mL and 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Cell count and viability assay further validated the fungicidal potential of Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles. The comprehensive analysis showed that these trimetallic nanoparticles could induce apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in C. auris. Furthermore, Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial properties compared to their monometallic counterparts attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag, Cu and Co present in the as-synthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the present study suggests that the Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles hold the capacity to be a lead for antifungal drug development against C. auris infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.K.); (N.H.H.); (J.S.M.S.); (K.R.H.)
- Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (V.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Nahid H. Hajrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.K.); (N.H.H.); (J.S.M.S.); (K.R.H.)
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.K.); (N.H.H.); (J.S.M.S.); (K.R.H.)
- Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.K.); (N.H.H.); (J.S.M.S.); (K.R.H.)
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (V.S.); (A.A.)
- Infection Control Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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