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Ahmad T, Xing F, Cao C, Liu Y. Characterization and toxicological potential of Alternaria alternata associated with post-harvest fruit rot of Prunus avium in China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1273076. [PMID: 38380098 PMCID: PMC10877066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1273076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest fruit rot caused by Alternaria species is one of the most important threats to the fruit industry. Post-harvest rot on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) fruit was observed in the fruit markets of the Haidian district of Beijing, China. The fungal isolates obtained from the infected sweet cherry fruits matched the descriptions of Alternaria alternata based on the morphology and multi-gene (ITS, endo-PG, and Alta1) sequence analysis. Pathogenicity tests indicated that ACT-3 was the most virulent isolate, exhibiting typical post-harvest fruit rot symptoms. Physiological studies revealed that the optimal conditions for the growth of ACT-3 were temperature of 28°C, water activity of 0.999, and pH of 8 with 87, 85, and 86 mm radial growth of ACT-3 on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, respectively, at 12 days post-inoculation (dpi). Moreover, the fungus showed the highest growth on a Martin agar medium (MAM) modified (85 mm) and a PDA medium (84 mm) at 12 dpi. The proliferation of the fungus was visualized inside the fruit tissues by confocal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), revealing the invasion and destruction of fruit tissues. Alternaria mycotoxins, tenuazonic acid (TeA), and alternariol (AOH) were detected in five representative isolates by HPLC analysis. The highest concentrations of TeA (313 μg/mL) and AOH (8.9 μg/mL) were observed in ACT-6 and ACT-3 isolates, respectively. This study is the first to present a detailed report on the characteristics and proliferation of A. alternata associated with sweet cherry fruit rot and the detection of toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmad
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Molnár A, Knapp DG, Lovas M, Tóth G, Boldizsár I, Váczy KZ, Kovács GM. Untargeted metabolomic analyses support the main phylogenetic groups of the common plant-associated Alternaria fungi isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Sci Rep 2023; 13:19298. [PMID: 37935846 PMCID: PMC10630412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria, a cosmopolitan fungal genus is a dominant member of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) microbiome. Several Alternaria species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, which are particularly relevant to plant protection and food safety in field crops. According to previous findings, the majority of Alternaria species inhabiting grapevine belong to Alternaria sect. Alternaria. However, the phylogenetic diversity and secondary metabolite production of the distinct Alternaria species has remained unclear. In this study, our aim was to examine the genetic and metabolic diversity of endophytic Alternaria isolates associated with the above-ground tissues of the grapevine. Altogether, 270 Alternaria isolates were collected from asymptomatic leaves and grape clusters of different grapevine varieties in the Eger wine region of Hungary. After analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) sequences, 170 isolates were chosen for further analyses. Sequences of the Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a 1), endopolygalacturonase (endoPG), OPA10-2, and KOG1058 were also included in the phylogenetic analyses. Identification of secondary metabolites and metabolite profiling of the isolates were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). The multilocus phylogeny results revealed two distinct groups in grapevine, namely A. alternata and the A. arborescens species complex (AASC). Eight main metabolites were identified in all collected Alternaria isolates, regardless of their affiliation to the species and lineages. Multivariate analyses of untargeted metabolites found no clear separations; however, a partial least squares-discriminant analysis model was able to successfully discriminate between the metabolic datasets from isolates belonging to the AASC and A. alternata. By conducting univariate analysis based on the discriminant ability of the metabolites, we also identified several features exhibiting large and significant variation between A. alternata and the AASC. The separation of these groups may suggest functional differences, which may also play a role in the functioning of the plant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Molnár
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 6, Eger, 3300, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Dániel G Knapp
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Miklós Lovas
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 6, Eger, 3300, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre U. 9, Budapest, 1092, Hungary
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Zoltán Váczy
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 6, Eger, 3300, Hungary
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, 1525, Hungary
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PEDROTTI CARINE, FRANZOI CLARISSA, ROSA MARIATATIANES, TRENTIN TAYNÁR, VILASBOA JOHNATAN, SCARIOT FERNANDOJOEL, ECHEVERRIGARAY SÉRGIOL, SCHWAMBACH JOSÉLI. Antifungal activity of essential oil from Eucalyptus staigeriana against Alternaria alternata causing of leaf spot and black rot in table grapes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200394. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CARINE PEDROTTI
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - CLARISSA FRANZOI
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - MARIA TATIANE S. ROSA
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - TAYNÁ R. TRENTIN
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - JOHNATAN VILASBOA
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | | | | | - JOSÉLI SCHWAMBACH
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
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Prendes LP, Merín MG, Zachetti VGL, Pereyra A, Ramirez ML, Morata de Ambrosini VI. Impact of antagonistic yeasts from wine grapes on growth and mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:833-843. [PMID: 33420735 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alternaria alternata is a major contaminant of wine grapes, meaning a health risk for wine consumers due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. To develop a successful biofungicide, the effectiveness of epiphytic wine grape yeasts against A. alternata growth and toxin production was assessed in vitro under temperature and aW conditions that simulate those present in the field. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of 14 antagonistic yeasts was evaluated on growth and alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TA) production by three A. alternata strains in a synthetic medium with composition similar to grape (SN) at three temperatures (15, 25 and 30°C). All Metschnikowia sp. yeast strains evaluated completely prevented A. alternata growth and mycotoxin production at all temperatures in SN medium. Meanwhile, the growth inhibition exerted by Starmerella bacillaris yeast strains was higher at 30°C, followed by 25 and 15°C, being able to show a stimulating or inhibiting effect. Hanseniaspora uvarum yeast strains showed a growth promoting activity higher at 15°C, followed by 25 and 30°C. Even at conditions where A. alternata growth was stimulated by the S. bacillaris and H. uvarum yeasts, high inhibitions of mycotoxin production (AOH, AME and TA) were observed, indicating a complex interaction between growth and mycotoxin production. CONCLUSION There is a significant influence of temperature on the effectiveness of biocontrol against A. alternata growth and mycotoxin production. Metschnikowia sp. strains are good candidates to compose a biofungicide against A. alternata. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Among the different antagonistic yeasts evaluated, only Metschnikowia sp. strains were equally effective reducing A. alternata growth and mycotoxin at different temperatures underlining the importance of considering environmental factors in the selection of the antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Prendes
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, San Rafael, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Merín
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, San Rafael, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V G L Zachetti
- Instituto de Investigacion en Micología y Micotoxicología CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - A Pereyra
- Instituto de Investigacion en Micología y Micotoxicología CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - M L Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Micología y Micotoxicología CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - V I Morata de Ambrosini
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, San Rafael, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Prendes LP, Fontana AR, Merín MG, D´ Amario Fernández A, Bottini R, Ramirez ML, Morata de Ambrosini VI. Natural occurrence and production of tenuazonic acid in wine grapes in Argentina. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:523-531. [PMID: 29876102 PMCID: PMC5980183 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A survey was carried out to determine natural occurrence of tenuazonic acid (TA) in healthy and rotten wine grapes samples from different varieties (n = 37) collected during 2016 vintage in the region of DOC San Rafael (Argentina). In addition, inoculation experiments with three Alternaria alternata strains in wine grapes were done to elucidate TA production and its major influencing factors. The 16.2% (6/37) of total wine grape samples showed TA contamination with 4% (1/25) of incidence in healthy samples (77 μg·kg-1) and 42% (5/12) in rotten samples (10-778 μg·kg-1). Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Syrah varieties showed TA contamination, whereas Bonarda, Ancelota, Torrontés, Semillón, and Chenin did not. During inoculation experiments in wine grapes, two of three strains were able to produce TA among the evaluated conditions and the highest TA production was observed at 15°C and 25°C after 24 days of incubation. Nutritional composition of grapes results appropriate for A. alternata infection and TA production and, together with the adequate field conditions, favors TA natural occurrence in wine grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Prendes
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la IndustriaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoSan RafaelArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Sede CentralBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ariel R. Fontana
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de MendozaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoChacras de CoriaArgentina
| | - María G. Merín
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la IndustriaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoSan RafaelArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Sede CentralBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Agustina D´ Amario Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de MendozaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoChacras de CoriaArgentina
| | - Rubén Bottini
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de MendozaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoChacras de CoriaArgentina
| | - María L. Ramirez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Sede CentralBuenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e InmunologíaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico‐Químicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoRío CuartoArgentina
| | - Vilma I. Morata de Ambrosini
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la IndustriaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoSan RafaelArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Sede CentralBuenos AiresArgentina
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High-throughput sequencing of microbial community diversity in soil, grapes, leaves, grape juice and wine of grapevine from China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193097. [PMID: 29565999 PMCID: PMC5863948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study Illumina MiSeq was performed to investigate microbial diversity in soil, leaves, grape, grape juice and wine. A total of 1,043,102 fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) reads and 2,422,188 high quality bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were used for taxonomic classification, revealed five fungal and eight bacterial phyla. At the genus level, the dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Sordariales, Tetracladium and Geomyces in soil, Aureobasidium and Pleosporaceae in grapes leaves, Aureobasidium in grape and grape juice. The dominant bacteria were Kaistobacter, Arthrobacter, Skermanella and Sphingomonas in soil, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Kaistobacter in grape and grapes leaves, and Oenococcus in grape juice and wine. Principal coordinate analysis showed structural separation between the composition of fungi and bacteria in all samples. This is the first study to understand microbiome population in soil, grape, grapes leaves, grape juice and wine in Xinjiang through High-throughput Sequencing and identify microorganisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus spp. that may contribute to the quality and flavor of wine.
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Isolation, identification and selection of antagonistic yeast against Alternaria alternata infection and tenuazonic acid production in wine grapes from Argentina. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 266:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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