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Stevens MJA, Stephan R, Horlbog JA, Cernela N, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Whole genome sequence-based characterization of Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses over a three-year period in a big poultry slaughterhouse reveals high genetic diversity and a recurring genomic lineage of Campylobacter jejuni. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 119:105578. [PMID: 38417639 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter is among the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe and is primarily linked to the consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to assess genomic diversity and to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of 155 Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses (neck skin samples) in a large-scale Swiss poultry abattoir over a three-year period. Samples originated from broilers from three different types of farming systems (particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS), free-range farms, and organic farms). Campylobacter jejuni (n = 127) and Campylobacter coli (n = 28) were analysed using a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach (MiniSeq; Illumina). Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into complex types (CTs) using the cgMLST SeqSphere+ scheme. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), and virulence genes were identified using the virulence factor database (VFDB). A high degree of genetic diversity was observed. Many sequence types (C. jejuni ST19, ST21, ST48, ST50, ST122, ST262 and C. coli ST827) occurred more than once and were distributed throughout the study period, irrespective of the year of isolation and of the broiler farming type. Antimicrobial resistance determinants included blaOXA and tet(O) genes, as well as the T86I substitution within GyrA. Virulence genes known to play a role in human Campylobacter infection were identified such as the wlaN, cstIII, neuA1, neuB1, and neuC1. Subtyping of the Campylobacter isolates identified the occurrence of a highly clonal population of C. jejuni ST21 that was isolated throughout the three-year study period from carcasses from farms with geographically different locations and different farming systems. The high rate of genetic diversity observed among broiler carcass isolates is consistent with previous studies. The identification of a persisting highly clonal C. jejuni ST21 subtype suggests that the slaughterhouse may represent an environment in which C. jejuni ST21 may survive, however, the ecological reservoir potentially maintaining this clone remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jule Anna Horlbog
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021-2022. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8583. [PMID: 38419967 PMCID: PMC10900121 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control, provides an overview of the main findings of the 2021-2022 harmonised Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) monitoring in Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from humans and food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens and fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and cattle under one year of age) and relevant meat thereof. For animals and meat thereof, AMR data on indicator commensal Escherichia coli, presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-/AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC)-/carbapenemase (CP)-producing E. coli, and the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are also analysed. Generally, resistance levels differed greatly between reporting countries and antimicrobials. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was frequently found in Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates from humans and animals. In humans, increasing trends in resistance to one of two critically antimicrobials (CIA) for treatment was observed in poultry-associated Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter, in at least half of the reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA was however observed at low levels except in some Salmonella serovars and in C. coli from humans and animals in some countries. While CP-producing Salmonella isolates were not detected in animals in 2021-2022, nor in 2021 for human cases, in 2022 five human cases of CP-producing Salmonella were reported (four harbouring bla OXA-48 or bla OXA-48-like genes). The reporting of a number of CP-producing E. coli isolates (harbouring bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla NDM-5 and bla VIM-1 genes) in fattening pigs, cattle under 1 year of age, poultry and meat thereof by a limited number of MSs (5) in 2021 and 2022, requires a thorough follow-up. The temporal trend analyses in both key outcome indicators (rate of complete susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producers in E. coli) showed an encouraging progress in reducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last 7 years.
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Sahin O, Pang J, Pavlovic N, Tang Y, Adiguzel MC, Wang C, Zhang Q. A Longitudinal Study on Campylobacter in Conventionally Reared Commercial Broiler Flocks in the United States: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity. Avian Dis 2024; 67:317-325. [PMID: 38300653 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Poultry meat contaminated with Campylobacter, a major bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, is considered the primary source of human campylobacteriosis. Thus, reduction or elimination of Campylobacter in poultry production will have a significant impact on food safety and public health. Despite the significant progress made over the last decades, many puzzles remain about the epidemiology of Campylobacter on poultry farms, hampering the development of an effective control strategy. This longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in a U.S. commercial broiler production farm system. Cecal contents (15 samples/flock) and boot swabs (3 samples/flock) were collected from approximately 6-wk-old birds from 406 conventional broiler flocks reared in 53 houses on 15 farms (located within a relatively close geographic proximity and managed by the same poultry integrator) for up to eight consecutive production cycles and cultured for Campylobacter. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from the cecal contents. The prevalence of Campylobacter at the farm, house, and flock levels were found to be 93% (14/15), 79% (42/53), and 47% (192/406), respectively. Campylobacter prevalence varied remarkably among different farms and flocks, with some farms or houses testing consistently negative while others being positive all the time over the entire study period. Campylobacter isolation rate changed significantly by sample type (higher by cecal contents vs. boot swabs) and season/production cycle (higher in spring vs. other seasons). The majority (88%; 2364/2675) of the isolates were identified as C. jejuni, and almost all the rest (11%; 303/2675) were Campylobacter coli. Genotyping showed limited diversity within a flock and suggested persistence of some C. jejuni clones over multiple production cycles on the same farm. In conclusion, this study indicated that although Campylobacter prevalence was overall high, there were marked differences in the prevalence among the broiler flocks or farms tested. Future studies aimed at identification of potential risk factors associated with differential Campylobacter status are warranted in order to develop effective on-farm interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,
| | - Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nada Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Šoprek S, Ujević J, Kompes G, Jurinović L, Tambić Andrašević A. First Report of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Belonging to ST-21 Clonal Complex Isolated from Human, Poultry and Wild Birds in Croatia: Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Distance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1884. [PMID: 37630444 PMCID: PMC10458298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of growing antimicrobial resistance, a threat affecting humans, endangering animals, as well as livelihoods and food security worldwide, we wanted to find possible explanations for its continuous spread from a new perspective. The ubiquity of resistance genes requires a One Health approach to finding the explanations for continuous AMR spread. The natural transformability of Campylobacter jejuni, its high incidence of infections, and emerging resistance worldwide inspired us to choose C. jejuni ST-21CC to be our pathogen for analyzing its contribution and connection to the cycle of AMR dissemination. ST-21CC is known as a generalist among humans and broilers, the most prevalent lineage worldwide, but it is rarely found in wild birds. Emerging in wild birds, genetic relatedness and similar resistance profiles were expected. We analyzed 23 Croatian C. jejuni strains belonging specifically to ST-21CC from humans, broilers, and wild birds. The genomic data obtained through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility data of strains were compared. Our findings suggest high fluoroquinolone resistance in ST-21CC strains, with more diverse genetic backgrounds in wild birds. Intriguing were three isolates of ST-822 (from human and storks), sharing a similar genetic fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Šoprek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Š.); (J.U.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Josip Ujević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Š.); (J.U.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Luka Jurinović
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Š.); (J.U.); (A.T.A.)
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gharbi M, Béjaoui A, Hamrouni S, Arfaoui A, Maaroufi A. Persistence of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry Flocks after Disinfection, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Recovered Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050890. [PMID: 37237793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the persistence risk of Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms, and to study the virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics in the recovered strains, we collected 362 samples from breeding hen flocks, before and after disinfection. The virulence factors were investigated by targeting the genes; flaA, cadF, racR, virB11, pldA, dnaJ, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, ciaB, wlaN, cgtB, and ceuE by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and genes encoding antibiotic resistance were investigated by PCR and MAMA-PCR. Among the analyzed samples, 167 (46.13%) were positive for Campylobacter. They were detected in 38.7% (38/98) and 3% (3/98) of environment samples before and after disinfection, respectively, and in 126 (75.9%) out of 166 feces samples. In total, 78 C. jejuni and 89 C. coli isolates were identified and further studied. All isolates were resistant to macrolids, tetracycline, quinolones, and chloramphenicol. However, lower rates were observed for beta-lactams [ampicillin (62.87%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (47.3%)] and gentamicin (0.6%). The tet(O) and the cmeB genes were detected in 90% of resistant isolates. The blaOXA-61 gene and the specific mutations in the 23S rRNA were detected in 87% and 73.5% of isolates, respectively. The A2075G and the Thr-86-Ile mutations were detected in 85% and 73.5% of macrolide and quinolone-resistant isolates, respectively. All isolates carried the flaA, cadF, CiaB, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes. The virB11, pldA, and racR genes were frequent in both C. jejuni (89%, 89%, and 90%, respectively) and C. coli (89%, 84%, and 90%). Our findings highlight the high occurrence of Campylobacter strains exhibiting antimicrobial resistance with potential virulence traits in the avian environment. Thus, the improvement of biosecurity measures in poultry farms is essential to control bacterial infection persistence and to prevent the spread of virulent and resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Gharbi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Béjaoui
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Amel Arfaoui
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2020/2021. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07867. [PMID: 36891283 PMCID: PMC9987209 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data on zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food are collected annually by the EU Member States (MSs) and reporting countries, jointly analysed by EFSA and ECDC and presented in a yearly EU Summary Report. This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2020-2021 harmonised AMR monitoring in Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in humans and food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens and turkeys, fattening pigs and bovines under 1 year of age) and relevant meat thereof. For animals and meat thereof, indicator E. coli data on the occurrence of AMR and presumptive Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-/AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC)-/carbapenemases (CP)-producers, as well as the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are also analysed. In 2021, MSs submitted for the first time AMR data on E. coli isolates from meat sampled at border control posts. Where available, monitoring data from humans, food-producing animals and meat thereof were combined and compared at the EU level, with emphasis on multidrug resistance, complete susceptibility and combined resistance patterns to selected and critically important antimicrobials, as well as Salmonella and E. coli isolates exhibiting ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase phenotypes. Resistance was frequently found to commonly used antimicrobials in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter isolates from humans and animals. Combined resistance to critically important antimicrobials was mainly observed at low levels except in some Salmonella serotypes and in C. coli in some countries. The reporting of a number of CP-producing E. coli isolates (harbouring bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, and bla NDM-5 genes) in pigs, bovines and meat thereof by a limited number of MSs (4) in 2021, requests a thorough follow-up. The temporal trend analyses in both key outcome indicators (rate of complete susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC- producers) showed that encouraging progress have been registered in reducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last years.
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Kong N, Luo Y, Liu J, Yao G, Hu Y, Shu S, Li C, Bi S. Subtyping of Campylobacter coli isolated from raw poultry meat in retail markets using amplified intergenic locus polymorphism - A novel rapid subtyping method. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 204:106662. [PMID: 36572193 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide more phylogenetic information of Campylobacter coli in large-scale epidemiological investigation, this work was undertaken to develop a novel genotyping method based on amplified intergenic locus polymorphism (AILP), by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; using SmaI enzymes) as control. Eleven pairs of primers were selected to type C. coli strains for this purpose. A total of 68 C. coli isolates recovered from 51 retail raw chicken and 37 retail raw duck were subtyped. The Simpson's index of diversity (SID) of AILP and PFGE, as well as the adjusted Rand index (AR) and the adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW) between AILP and PFGE, were calculated. The new AILP method differentiated 68 C. coli isolates into 55 different subtypes (SID = 0.993), compared with 46 different profiles obtained from PFGE (SID = 0.980). The SID value of the AILP method was improved with the increasing number of primers, and a combination of 7 loci was selected as the optimal combination. The congruent analysis of the AILP method and PFGE showed moderate congruence between the two methods (AR = 0.462). The AW indicated that if AILP data is the available one can confidently predict the PFGE cluster. The results of this study showed that the AILP method had higher discrimination than PFGE and also allowed for significant reduction in time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqing Kong
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Gefeng Yao
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Hu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghuang Shu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuilian Bi
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China.
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Olive Leaf as a Source of Antibacterial Compounds Active against Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010026. [PMID: 36671227 PMCID: PMC9854969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and broiler chicks are the main vector of transmission to humans. The high prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat and the increase of antibiotic resistant strains have raised the need to identify new antimicrobial agents. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of two extracts of olive leaf against antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter strains (C. jejuni and C. coli) isolated from poultry food chain. The extracts of olive leaf (E1 and E2) were markedly different in their chemical compositions. While E1 was composed predominantly of highly hydrophilic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol glucosides (14,708 mg/100 g), E2 mainly contained moderately hydrophilic compounds, with oleuropein (20,471 mg/100 g) being prevalent. All Campylobacter strains exhibited similar antibiotic profiles, being resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. E1 showed strong antibacterial activity and reduced bacterial growth from 4.12 to 8.14 log CFU/mL, depending on the strain. Hydroxytyrosol was the main compound responsible, causing the inhibition of growth of Campylobacter strains at low concentrations (0.1-0.25 mg/mL). E2 demonstrated a lower antibacterial effect than E1, reducing growth from 0.52 to 2.49 log CFU/mL. The results of this study suggest that the optimization of the composition of olive-leaf extracts can provide improved treatment results against Campylobacter strains.
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Popa SA, Morar A, Ban-Cucerzan A, Tîrziu E, Herman V, Sallam KI, Morar D, Acaroz U, Imre M, Florea T, Mukhtar H, Imre K. Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter jejuni in Slaughtered Broiler Chickens in North-Western Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121713. [PMID: 36551369 PMCID: PMC9774774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is recognized as one of the most common food-borne zoonoses, with worldwide distribution, having undercooked poultry meat and other cross-contaminated foodstuffs as the main sources of human infections. The current study aimed to provide data on the occurrence of the thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in seven broiler chicken flocks, from three north-western Transylvanian counties of Romania, as well as to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated C. jejuni strains. A total of 324 fresh cecal samples were collected during the slaughtering process, and screened for the presence of Campylobacter spp., using routine microbiological and molecular diagnostic tools. Overall, 85.2% (276/324; 95% CI 80.9-88.6) of the tested samples expressed positive results for Campylobacter spp., with dominant occurrence of C. coli towards C. jejuni (63.4% vs. 36.6%). From the six tested antimicrobials, the 101 isolated C. jejuni strains were resistant against ciprofloxacin (79.2%), nalidixic acid (78.2%), tetracycline (49.5%), and streptomycin (7.9%), but total susceptibility was noticed against erythromycin and gentamicin. Seven (6.9%) isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The study results emphasize the role of broiler chicken as reservoir of Campylobacter infections for humans, as well as strengthen the necessity of the prudent using of antimicrobials in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Alexandru Popa
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-256-277-186
| | - Adriana Morar
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ban-Cucerzan
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansura University, Mansura 35516, Egypt
| | - Doru Morar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ulaș Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Mirela Imre
- Department of Parasitology and Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Tijana Florea
- Department of Parasitology and Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, 300645 Timișoara, Romania
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Tang B, Zheng X, Lin J, Wu J, Lin R, Jiang H, Ji X, Yang H, Shen Z, Xia F. Prevalence of the phenicol resistance gene fexA in Campylobacter isolated from the poultry supply chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 381:109912. [PMID: 36081243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol, an animal-specific broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding, which leads to the high antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter in food animals. Recently, a new florfenicol resistance gene, fexA, often located on various multidrug resistance genomic islands (MDRGIs) and confers resistance to various antimicrobial agents, was characterized in Campylobacter. However, the prevalence and genetic environments of fexA and its associated MDRGIs in Campylobacter in the poultry supply chain need further characterization. Here, a total of 111 (15.48 %) Campylobacter isolates (63 C. jejuni, 40 C. coli, 8 C. lari) were obtained from 717 samples from farms, slaughterhouses, and supermarkets. Both phenotypic and genotypic analyses indicated that the AMR of C. coli was significantly higher than that of C. jejuni. PCR amplification and whole genome sequencing showed that the fexA gene was present in 26 out of 35 florfenicol-resistant Campylobacter isolates. This gene was located in the tet(L)-fexA-tet(O) MDRGI. The fexA-harboring isolates detected in the above sources could be clustered into the same branch, indicating that they may have the same ancestor. In addition, the erm(B) gene was identified in 17 Campylobacter isolates, and the A2075G point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene occurred in 26 isolates, emphasizing the high resistance of Campylobacter to macrolides. In summary, these results indicate that fexA within the MDRGI of Campylobacter can be transmitted through bacteria in the animal-based food supply chain, and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the prevalence and spread of fexA in foodborne Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products & Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Prendergast DM, Lynch H, Whyte P, Golden O, Murphy D, Gutierrez M, Cummins J, Johnston D, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B, O'Connor L, Byrne W. Genomic diversity, virulence and source of Campylobacter jejuni contamination in Irish poultry slaughterhouses by whole genome sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3150-3160. [PMID: 35993276 PMCID: PMC9804324 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to exploit whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess genomic diversity, identify virulence genes and deduce the proportion of Campylobacter colonized broilers that directly contaminate their carcasses. METHODS AND RESULTS Campylobacter jejuni isolates (107) from caeca and carcass neck skin samples (50 pairs from the same batch plus 7 individual caeca) sampled at three poultry slaughterhouses over a one-year period were selected for sequencing (MiSeq; Illumina). FastQ files were submitted to BioNumerics for analysis using the wgMLST scheme for allele calling. Campylobacter cgMLST and hierarchical clustering was performed by applying the single linkage algorithm. Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into clonal complexes (CCs) using the Campylobacter PubMLST.org database. Virulence genes were determined by downloading core sequences from the virulence factor database (VFDB) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A high degree of diversity was observed with 23 different STs identified. ST257 and CC-21 were the most common STs and CCs, respectively. cgMLST analysis suggested that 56% of carcass contamination was a direct result of contamination from caeca from the same batch. Virulence genes known to play a role in human C. jejuni infection were identified such as the wlaN gene and the genes associated with lipooligosaccharide synthesis, which were identified in 30% of isolates. CONCLUSIONS Caecal colonization was the more plausible occurring source of C. jejuni contamination of broiler carcasses, compared with cross-contamination from another batch or the environment. The high rate of genetic diversity observed amongst caecal isolates is consistent with a wide variety of Campylobacter strains circulating in poultry flocks in Ireland. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The results will further inform broiler processors and regulators about the influence and importance of on-farm colonization versus slaughterhouse cross-contamination and the relationship between C. jejuni in caeca and carcasses during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Lynch
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland,School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Olwen Golden
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | | | - Juliana Cummins
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | - Dayle Johnston
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
| | | | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Lisa O'Connor
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, IFSCDublin 1Ireland
| | - William Byrne
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the MarineCelbridgeIreland
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12
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Jalal K, Khan K, Hayat A, Ahmad D, Alotaibi G, Uddin R, Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Aurongzeb M, Basharat Z. Mining therapeutic targets from the antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter coli and virtual screening of natural product inhibitors against its riboflavin synthase. Mol Divers 2022; 27:793-810. [PMID: 35699868 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter coli resides in the intestine of several commonly consumed animals, as well as water and soil. It leads to campylobacteriosis when humans eat raw/undercooked meat or come into contact with infected animals. A common manifestation of the infection is fever, nausea, headache, and diarrhea. Increasing antibiotic resistance is being observed in this pathogen. The increased incidence of C. coli infection, and post-infection complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome, make it an important pathogen. It is essential to find novel therapeutic targets and drugs against it, especially with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. In the current study, genomes of 89 antibiotic-resistant strains of C. coli were downloaded from the PATRIC database. Potent drug targets (n = 36) were prioritized from the core genome (n = 1,337 genes) of this species. Riboflavin synthase was selected as a drug target and pharmacophore-based virtual screening was performed to predict its inhibitors from the NPASS (n = ~ 30,000 compounds) natural product library. The top three docked compounds (NPC115144, NPC307895, and NPC470462) were selected for dynamics simulation (for 50 ns) and ADMET profiling. These identified compounds appear safe for targeting this pathogen and can be further validated by experimental analysis before clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Computational Biology Unit, Lab 103 PCMD ext. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aurongzeb
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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13
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019–2020. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07209. [PMID: 35382452 PMCID: PMC8961508 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food are collected annually by the EU Member States (MSs), jointly analysed by the EFSA and the ECDC and reported in a yearly EU Summary Report. The annual monitoring of AMR in animals and food within the EU is targeted at selected animal species corresponding to the reporting year. The 2020 monitoring specifically focussed on poultry and their derived carcases/meat, while the monitoring performed in 2019 specifically focused on fattening pigs and calves under 1 year of age, as well as their derived carcases/meat. Monitoring and reporting of AMR in 2019–2020 included data regarding Salmonella, Campylobacter and indicator E. coli isolates, as well as data obtained from the specific monitoring of presumptive ESBL‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐producing E. coli isolates. Additionally, some MSs reported voluntary data on the occurrence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food, with some countries also providing data on antimicrobial susceptibility. This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2019–2020 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food‐producing animal populations monitored, in carcase/meat samples and in humans. Where available, monitoring data obtained from pigs, calves, broilers, laying hens and turkeys, as well as from carcase/meat samples and humans were combined and compared at the EU level, with particular emphasis on multidrug resistance, complete susceptibility and combined resistance patterns to critically important antimicrobials, as well as Salmonella and E. coli isolates possessing ESBL‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase phenotypes. The key outcome indicators for AMR in food‐producing animals, such as complete susceptibility to the harmonised panel of antimicrobials in E. coli and the prevalence of ESBL‐/AmpC‐producing E. coli have been specifically analysed over the period 2014–2020.
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14
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Audu BJ, Norval S, Bruno L, Meenakshi R, Marion M, Forbes KJ. Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. from humans and livestock in Nigeria. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:7. [PMID: 35073916 PMCID: PMC8788075 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic pathogens, ubiquitous and are found naturally as commensals in livestock from where they can be transmitted to humans directly or through animal products. The genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter was investigated with a focus on C. jejuni and C. coli in humans and livestock (poultry and cattle) from Nigeria. Methods 586 human stool samples and 472 faecal samples from livestock were cultured for thermophilic Campylobacter species on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA). Culture in combination with whole genome sequencing identified and confirmed the presence of Campylobacter in humans and animals from the study area. Further analysis of the sequences was performed to determine multilocus sequence types and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolone, betalactam, tetracycline and macrolide classes of antimicrobials. Results From the human stool samples tested, 50 (9%) were positive of which 33 (66%) were C. jejuni, 14 (28%) were C. coli while 3 (6%) were C. hyointestinalis. In livestock, 132 (28%) were positive. Thirty one (7%) were C. jejuni while 101 (21%) were C. coli. Whole genome sequencing and MLST of the isolates revealed a total of 32 sequence types (STs) identified from 47 human isolates while 48 STs were identified in 124 isolates from livestock indicating a population which was overall, genetically diverse with a few more dominant strains. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates indicated a higher prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter isolated from livestock than in humans. Generally, resistance was greatest for betalactams (42%) closely followed by fluoroquinolones (41%), tetracyclines (15%) and lastly macrolides (2%). Multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobials was observed in 24 (13%) isolates from humans (n = 1, 4%) and chicken (n = 23, 96%). Conclusions This study has further contributed information about the epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter in Nigeria.
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15
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Genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli strain isolated from a newborn with severe diarrhea in Lebanon. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:319-328. [PMID: 34997523 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter coli (C. coli) strain was isolated from a 2-month-old newborn who suffered from severe diarrhea in Lebanon. Here, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was deployed to determine the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the C. coli isolate and to identify its epidemiological background (sequence type). The identity of the isolate was confirmed using API® Campy, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype was determined using the disk diffusion assay. Our analysis showed that resistance to macrolide and quinolone was potentially associated with the presence of multiple point mutations in antibiotic targets on the chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance were encoded by genes on a pTet plasmid. The blaOXA-61, which is associated with beta-lactam resistance, was also detected in the C. coli genome. A set of 30 genes associated with the virulence in C. coli was detected using WGS analysis. MLST analysis classified the isolate as belonging to a new sequence type (ST-9588), a member of ST-828 complex which is mainly associated with humans and chickens. Taking together, this study provides the first WGS analysis of Campylobacter isolated from Lebanon. The detection of a variety of AMR and virulence determinants strongly emphasizes the need for studying the burden of Campylobacter in Lebanon and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where information on campylobacteriosis is scant.
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16
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Lopez-Chavarrias V, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Barcena C, Olarra A, Garcia M, Saez JL, de Frutos C, Serrano T, Perez I, Moreno MA, Dominguez L, Alvarez J. Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance to Aminoglycosides and Macrolides in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni From Healthy Livestock in Spain (2002-2018). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689262. [PMID: 34276619 PMCID: PMC8283307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni) is a concern due to its importance in public health, particularly when it involves aminoglycosides and macrolides, drugs of choice for treatment of human cases. Co-resistance to these two antimicrobial classes involves transfer of genetic elements and/or acquisition of mutations in different genetic loci, which can in turn spread through vertical or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) phenomena, with each route having different potential implications. This study aimed at evaluating the association between the presence of phenotypic resistance to these two antimicrobial classes in C. coli and C. jejuni recovered from livestock at slaughterhouses in Spain (as part of the AMR surveillance program), and at assessing the genetic heterogeneity between resistant and susceptible isolates by analysing the "short variable region" (SVR) of the flaA gene. Over the 2002-2018 period, antimicrobial susceptibility test results from 10,965 Campylobacter isolates retrieved from fecal samples of broilers, turkeys, pigs and cattle were collected to compare the proportion of resistant isolates and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against six antimicrobials including gentamicin (GEN), streptomycin (STR), and erythromycin (ERY). AMR-associated genes were determined for a group of 51 isolates subjected to whole genome sequencing, and the flaA SVR of a subset of 168 isolates from all hosts with different resistotypes was used to build a Neighbor-Joining-based phylogenetic tree and assess the existence of groups by means of "relative synonymous codon usage" (RSCU) analysis. The proportion of antimicrobial resistant isolates to both, aminoglycosides and macrolides, varied widely for C. coli (7-91%) and less for C. jejuni (all hosts 0-11%). Across hosts, these proportions were 7-56% in poultry, 12-82% in cattle, and 22-91% in pigs for C. coli and 0-8% in poultry and 1-11% in cattle for C. jejuni. Comparison of the MIC distributions revealed significant host-specific differences only for ERY in C. jejuni (p = 0.032). A significant association in the simultaneous presentation of AMR to both antimicrobial classes was observed across hosts/bacterial species. The flaA gene analysis showed clustering of isolates sharing resistotype and to a lesser degree bacterial species and host. Several resistance markers associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides were found among the sequenced isolates. The consistent association between the simultaneous presentation of AMR to aminoglycosides and macrolides in all hosts could be due to the persistence of strains and/or resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter populations in livestock over time. Further studies based on whole genome sequencing are needed to assess the epidemiological links between hosts and bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barcena
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Olarra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Garcia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina de Frutos
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV Algete), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Serrano
- TRAGSATEC, Tecnologías y Servicios Agrarios S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Iratxe Perez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV Algete), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Dominguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2018/2019. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06490. [PMID: 33868492 PMCID: PMC8040295 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food are collected annually by the EU Member States (MSs), jointly analysed by the EFSA and the ECDC and reported in a yearly EU Summary Report. The annual monitoring of AMR in animals and food within the EU is targeted at selected animal species corresponding to the reporting year. The 2018 monitoring specifically focussed on poultry and their derived carcases/meat, while the monitoring performed in 2019 specifically focused on pigs and calves under 1 year of age, as well as their derived carcases/meat. Monitoring and reporting of AMR in 2018/2019 included data regarding Salmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli isolates, as well as data obtained from the specific monitoring of presumptive ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolates. Additionally, some MSs reported voluntary data on the occurrence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food, with some countries also providing data on antimicrobial susceptibility. This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2018/2019 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food-producing animal populations monitored, in related carcase/meat samples and in humans. Where available, data monitoring obtained from pigs, calves, broilers, laying hens and turkeys, as well as from carcase/meat samples and humans were combined and compared at the EU level, with particular emphasis on multidrug resistance, complete susceptibility and combined resistance patterns to critically important antimicrobials, as well as Salmonella and E. coli isolates possessing ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase phenotypes. The outcome indicators for AMR in food-producing animals such as complete susceptibility to the harmonised panel of antimicrobials in E. coli and the prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli have been also specifically analysed over the period 2015-2019.
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18
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Chen H, Dai Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhan L, Mei L, Wang H. Epidemiological and Whole Genomic Sequencing Analysis of a Campylobacter jejuni Outbreak in Zhejiang Province, China, May 2019. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:775-781. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Dai
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiancai Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Mei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
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Nafarrate I, Lasagabaster A, Sevillano E, Mateo E. Prevalence, molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in northern Spain. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1368-1379. [PMID: 32886839 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in northern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS Campylobacter was isolated from 139 samples of broiler meat and faecal dropping of broiler and swine with a prevalence of 35·4, 62 and 42·8%, respectively. Campylobacter jejuni (n = 55) and Campylobacter coli (n = 31) were identified by multiplex-PCR in meat, faeces and human clinical samples while Campylobacter fetus (n = 3) was exclusively detected in the latter. Fingerprinting by flaA-RFLP and PFGE revealed 68 different genotypes from the 89 isolates with a Biodiversity Simpson's index of 0·98. The 86·5% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 85·4% to tetracycline and 49·4% to erythromycin; only three genotypes were susceptible to the three antimicrobial drugs. Multidrug resistance was detected in the 40·7% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter remains prevalent in northern Spain with a high biodiversity degree. About 93·3% of the isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Although different measures are taken to control Campylobacter, the detection of isolates resistant to the drugs used in the treatment of campylobacteriosis is still high, including different species and genotypes. This evidences the need of additional strategies against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nafarrate
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - A Lasagabaster
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - E Sevillano
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, UFI 11/25, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Mateo
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, UFI 11/25, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Wieczorek K, Bocian Ł, Osek J. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from carcasses of chickens slaughtered in Poland – a retrospective study. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2017/2018. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06007. [PMID: 32874244 PMCID: PMC7448042 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food are collected annually by the EU Member States (MSs), jointly analysed by EFSA and ECDC and reported in a yearly EU Summary Report. The annual monitoring of AMR in animals and food within the EU is targeted at selected animal species corresponding to the reporting year. The 2017 monitoring specifically focussed on pigs and calves under 1 year of age, as well as their derived carcases/meat, while the monitoring performed in 2018 specifically focussed on poultry and their derived carcases/meat. Monitoring and reporting of AMR in 2017/2018 included data regarding Salmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli isolates, as well as data obtained from the specific monitoring of ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolates. Additionally, some MSs reported voluntary data on the occurrence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food, with some countries also providing data on antimicrobial susceptibility. This report provides, for the first time, an overview of the main findings of the 2017/2018 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food-producing animal populations monitored, in related carcase/meat samples and in humans. Where available, data monitoring obtained from pigs, calves/cattle, broilers, laying hens and turkeys, as well as from carcase/meat samples and humans were combined and compared at the EU level, with particular emphasis on multiple drug resistance, complete susceptibility and combined resistance patterns to critically important antimicrobials, as well as Salmonella and E. coli isolates exhibiting presumptive ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase-producing phenotypes. The outcome indicators for AMR in food-producing animals, such as complete susceptibility to the harmonised panel of antimicrobials in E. coli and the prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli have been also specifically analysed over the period 2014-2018.
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Casagrande Proietti P, Guelfi G, Bellucci S, De Luca S, Di Gregorio S, Pieramati C, Franciosini MP. Beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates and the association between blaOXA-61 gene expression and the action of β-lactamase inhibitors. Vet Microbiol 2020; 241:108553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Effects of Diets Enriched in Linseed and Fish Oil on the Expression Pattern of Toll-Like Receptors 4 and Proinflammatory Cytokines on Gonadal Axis and Reproductive Organs in Rabbit Buck. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4327470. [PMID: 32064024 PMCID: PMC6996712 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4327470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infections of the genital tract can perturb the fertility in humans and animals. Pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity onset through the pattern recognition receptor activation, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators. TLR4 is expressed both on leukocytes and nonimmune cells. Rabbit TLR4 shows great similarity to its human counterpart. Moreover, the TLR4 signalling pathway could be modulated by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the expression levels of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines in the reproductive hypothalamic-gonadal axis of the male rabbit and (ii) to evaluate if the n-3 PUFA-enriched diets can modify their expression levels in the tissues and LC-PUFA profiles in seminal plasma. Fifteen rabbit bucks (n = 5/experimental group) were fed with different diets: commercial standard (group C), rich in extruded linseed (10%, group L), and in fish oil (3%, group FO) for 110 days. TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA were ubiquitously expressed throughout the hypothalamic-gonadal axis. However, TLR4 mRNA expression was lower in the hypothalamus than the epididymis (P < 0.01), seminal vesicles (P < 0.01), and pituitary gland (P < 0.05). Dietary enrichment in PUFA did not modify the gene expression profile nor the histological characteristics of the tissues. Conversely in seminal plasma, rabbits fed with L and FO had lower n-6 (P < 0.05), LC-PUFA n-6 (P < 0.05), and n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.05) but higher n-3 (P < 0.001) and LC-PUFA n-3 (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Our study builds a map of the gene expression of TRL4 and proinflammatory cytokines in the reproductive hypothalamic-gonadal axis of the male rabbit, fundamental step for understanding the immune defence mechanisms. Diets enriched in LC-PUFA did not affect basal gene expression but modulated sperm fatty acid composition. Finally, rabbit may be an excellent animal model to study the relationship between inflammation and infertility, and the nutritional modulation of immune functions.
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Greige S, Rivoal K, Osman M, Safadi DE, Dabboussi F, Hage RE, Viscogliosi E, Hamze M, Chemaly M. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in the production chain of broiler chickens in Lebanon and its association with the intestinal protozoan Blastocystis sp. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5883-5891. [PMID: 31134283 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common foodborne pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide. Broilers are frequently infected by the bacteria and are considered the main source of exposure to humans. However, despite its public health impact, no recent data are currently available in Lebanon about Campylobacter spp. in poultry and human population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in 227 ceca and on 227 carcasses of broiler chickens collected in Lebanese slaughterhouses. Overall, the prevalence of Campylobacter was shown to reach 67.0% in ceca and 17.2% on carcasses of Lebanese poultry. The only 2 Campylobacter species identified were C. jejuni and C. coli, with a slightly higher prevalence of C. coli in ceca and of C. jejuni on carcasses. A high level of genetic diversity was reported among the 51 C. jejuni isolates selected, since 25 distinct profiles were identified according to the comparative genomic fingerprinting typing method based on a subset of 40 genes using the 90% similarity threshold. Predominant clusters observed in Lebanese poultry isolates were also frequently found among French human clinical cases, highlighting that broiler chickens represent a potential reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. In addition, a significantly higher prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found in slaughterhouse workers than in a cohort of hospitalized patients with no contact with poultry, confirming that contaminated broiler chickens in slaughterhouse appeared to be a non-negligible source of Campylobacter spp. transmission. Interestingly, a significant association between Campylobacter spp. and Blastocystis sp. has been observed. This correlation suggested that the presence of Campylobacter spp. would be favored when Blastocystis sp. is present and, similarly, the absence of one would favor the absence of the other. This is the first large-scale investigation focusing on the impact of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens in Lebanon and confirmed the need to implement prevention and control measures in the poultry production to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greige
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban.,ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - K Rivoal
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - M Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - D El Safadi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - F Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - R El Hage
- Institut de Recherche Agronomique Libanais (IRAL), Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, Station de Fanar, Jdeideh El-Metn, Lebanon
| | - E Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - M Chemaly
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Typing of Thermophilic Campylobacter Spp. in a Greek Poultry Slaughterhouse. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of its transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses, the environment, and processing equipment of a poultry slaughterhouse in Greece, to identify the dominant Campylobacter species and to determine if there are clonal relationships among the isolates. Fifty poultry samples and 25 environmental samples were examined using microbial cultures and PCR. Forty-nine of 50 poultry samples (98%) were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. The environment of the slaughterhouse was also found to be significantly contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Thirty-seven isolates were found to be susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (56.1%) and 29 isolates showed resistance to at least two of the antimicrobials tested (43.9%). We observed 24 different PFGE-types among the 53 isolates with 14 of them isolated only once, while five PFGE-types were represented by two isolates. The remaining 29 isolates were represented by five PFGE-types each consisting of three to 12 isolates. Regarding the relationship of the PFGE types and corresponding resistance profiles, all strains of each PFGE-type shared the same antimicrobial resistance profile. This study reports evidence for Campylobacter spp. cross-contamination among broiler carcasses in a Greek slaughterhouse.
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Rafei R, Al Kassaa I, Osman M, Dabboussi F, Hamze M. Molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter isolates from broiler slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:675-682. [PMID: 31321996 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1645945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. The real burden of Campylobacter spp. in Lebanon is still unknown. The aims of this study were to unravel the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in broilers at slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon and to characterise their antibiotic resistance profiles.2. From May to November 2015, sampling was performed through five repeated surveys from 15 slaughterhouses that sold chicken directly to Lebanese customers. Isolates were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (flaA-RFLP).3. All investigated slaughterhouses were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter coli was the predominant species (38 isolates) followed by C. jejuni (eight isolates). A noticeable level of resistance was detected among isolates against ciprofloxacin (97% of C. coli and 87.5% of C. jejuni), amoxicillin (89% of C. coli and 75% of C. jejuni), gentamicin (79% of C. coli and 50% of C. jejuni), and co-amoxiclav (24% of C. coli and 25% of C. jejuni). Erythromycin and ertapenem resistance were observed only in C. coli with the following percentages 74% and 13% respectively, but not in C. jejuni. PFGE and flaA-RFLP using DdeI as restriction enzyme divided the strains into 27 and 25 types respectively.4. The high observed genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. revealed the complexity of the spread of this genus in broilers. This study highlighted the pressing need to monitor antibiotic resistance and to ensure food safety from 'farm to fork' in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - I Al Kassaa
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - M Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - F Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - M Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
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Asakura H, Sakata J, Nakamura H, Yamamoto S, Murakami S. Phylogenetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli from Humans and Animals in Japan. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:146-154. [PMID: 30905895 PMCID: PMC6594732 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter coli from humans and animals in Japan between 2008 and 2014 were investigated. A total of 338 foodborne campylobacterioses were reported in Osaka, and C. coli was isolated from 38 cases (11.2%). In the present study, 119 C. coli strains (42 from humans, 25 each from poultry, cattle, and swine, and 2 from wild mallard) were examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MLST assigned 36 sequence types (STs), including 14 novel STs; all human strains and 91% of animal strains (70/77) were assigned to the ST-828 clonal complex. The predominant human ST was ST-860 (18/42, 43%), followed by ST-1068 (8/42, 19%); these STs were also predominant in poultry (ST-860, 9/25, 36%) and cattle (ST-1068, 18/25, 72%). ST-1562 was only predominant in swine (11/25, 44.0%). Swine strains showed the greatest resistance to erythromycin (EM; 92.0%), while EM resistance was only found in 2 out of the 42 human strains examined (4.8%). All EM-resistant swine strains (n=15) exhibited a common point mutation in the 23S rRNA sequence (A2085G), and the tetO gene was detected in 22 out of the 23 TET-resistant swine strains. A whole genome sequencing analysis of four representative swine ST-1562 strains revealed abundant AMR-associated gene clusters in their genomes, suggesting horizontal gene transfer events during host adaptation. This is the first study to demonstrate the phylogenetic diversity and AMR profiles of C. coli in Japan. The present results suggest that poultry and cattle are major reservoirs, improving our knowledge on the epidemiological and ecological traits of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Junko Sakata
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Zhang X, Tang M, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Yang X, Gao Y. Prevalence and Characteristics of Campylobacter Throughout the Slaughter Process of Different Broiler Batches. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2092. [PMID: 30233556 PMCID: PMC6131577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Handling and consumption of chicken meat are risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. This study was performed to describe the Campylobacter population in broiler carcasses and environmental samples throughout the slaughter process. Moreover, the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of the Campylobacter strains were evaluated. Cloacal swabs, samples from carcasses at different stages, and environmental samples were collected thrice from the different flocks at the same abattoir located in Central Jiangsu, China. Campylobacter isolated from the three batches (n = 348) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 117) and Campylobacter coli (n = 151) by multiplex PCR. Characterization by multilocus sequence typing revealed a specific genotype of Campylobacter for each batch. Antimicrobial sensitivity to 18 antibiotics were analyzed for all selected strains according to the agar diffusion method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that the majority of the tested isolates were resistant to quinolones (>89.7%). Less resistance to macrolide (59.8%), gentamicin (42.7%), amikacin (36.8%) was observed. Results showed that 94.0% of the tested strains demonstrated multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yushi Gao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection and Testing Centre for Poultry Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
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Antibiotic resistance, molecular characterizations, and clinical manifestations of Campylobacteriosis at a military medical center in Hawaii from 2012-2016: a retrospective analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11736. [PMID: 30082843 PMCID: PMC6078982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hawaii has one of the highest incidences of Campylobacteriosis in the United States, but there remains little published data on circulating strains or antimicrobial resistance. We characterized 110 clinical Campylobacter isolates (106 C. jejuni, 4 C. coli) processed at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, HI from 2012–2016. Twenty-five percent of C. jejuni isolates exhibited fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance, compared with 16% for tetracycline (TET), and 0% for macrolides. Two of the four C. coli isolates were resistant to FQ, TET, and macrolides. C. jejuni isolates further underwent multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and molecular capsular typing. Nineteen capsule types were observed, with two capsule types (HS2 and HS9) being associated with FQ resistance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). HS2 FQ-resistant isolates associated with clonal complex 21, possibly indicating clonal spread in FQ resistance. Macrolides should be considered for treatment of suspect cases due to lack of observed resistance.
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Casagrande Proietti P, Pergola S, Bellucci S, Menchetti L, Miraglia D, Franciosini M. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. on fresh and refrigerated chicken meat products in Central Italy. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2895-2901. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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de Vries SPW, Vurayai M, Holmes M, Gupta S, Bateman M, Goldfarb D, Maskell DJ, Matsheka MI, Grant AJ. Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194481. [PMID: 29561903 PMCID: PMC5862492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide, including countries in Africa, and have been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the high priority antimicrobial resistant pathogens. However, at present there is little knowledge on the prevalence, molecular epidemiology or antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in Botswana, both in patients and in the zoonotic context. Some data indicate that ~14% of diarrhoeal disease cases in a paediatric setting can be ascribed to Campylobacter spp., urging the need for the magnitude of Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea to be established. In this survey, we have characterised the genomic diversity of Campylobacter spp. circulating in Botswana isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in humans (n = 20) and from those that colonised commercial broiler (n = 35) and free-range (n = 35) chickens. Phylogeny showed that the Campylobacter spp. isolated from the different poultry and human sources were highly related, suggesting that zoonotic transmission has likely occurred. We found that for Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans, broilers and free-range chickens, 52% was positive for tetO, 47% for gyrA-T86I, 72% for blaOXA-61, with 27% carrying all three resistance determinants. No 23S mutations conferring macrolide resistance were detected in this survey. In summary, our study provides insight into Campylobacter spp. in poultry reservoirs and in diarrhoeal patients, and the relevance for treatment regimens in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. W. de Vries
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Moses Vurayai
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mark Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Srishti Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bateman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldfarb
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J. Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2016. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05182. [PMID: 32625816 PMCID: PMC7009656 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The data on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria in 2016, submitted by 28 EU Member States (MSs), were jointly analysed by the EFSA and ECDC. Resistance in bacterial isolates of zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter from humans, animals and food, and resistance in indicator Escherichia coli as well as in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from animals and food were addressed. 'Microbiological' resistance was assessed using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values; for some countries, qualitative data on isolates from humans were interpreted in a way that corresponds closely to ECOFF-defined 'microbiological' resistance. In Salmonella from humans, the occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines was high, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was low. In Salmonella and E. coli isolates from broilers, fattening turkeys and their meat, resistance to ampicillin, (fluoro)quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides was frequently high, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was rare. The occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC producers was low in Salmonella and E. coli from poultry and in Salmonella from humans. The prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli, assessed in poultry and its meat for the first time, showed marked variations among MSs. Fourteen presumptive carbapenemase-producing E. coli were detected from broilers and its meat in two MSs. Resistance to colistin was observed at low levels in Salmonella and E. coli from poultry and meat thereof and in Salmonella from humans. In Campylobacter from humans, broilers and broiler meat, resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was high to extremely high, whereas resistance to erythromycin was low to moderate. Combined resistance to critically important antimicrobials in isolates from both humans and animals was generally uncommon, but very high to extremely high multidrug resistance levels were observed in certain Salmonella serovars. Specific serovars of Salmonella (notably Kentucky) from both humans and animals exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, in addition to findings of ESBL.
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Sproston EL, Wimalarathna HML, Sheppard SK. Trends in fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter. Microb Genom 2018; 4:e000198. [PMID: 30024366 PMCID: PMC6159550 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Campylobacter remain a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Infection is usually self-limiting but in severe cases may require antibiotic treatment. In a recent statement by the World Health Organization (WHO) Campylobacter was named as one of the 12 bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health because they are resistant to antibiotics. In this mini review we describe recent trends in fluoroquinolone (FQ) (particularly ciprofloxacin) resistance in strains of members of the genus Campylobacter isolated from livestock and clinical samples from several countries. Using evidence from phenotyping surveys and putative resistance prediction from DNA sequence data, we discuss the acquisition and spread of FQ resistance and the role of horizontal gene transfer and describe trends in FQ-resistance in samples from livestock and clinical cases. This review emphasises that FQ resistance remains common among isolates of members of the genus Campylobacter from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Sproston
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, UK
| | | | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, UK
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