1
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Tyagi G, Lahoti M, Srivastava A, Patil D, Jadhav UU, Purekar AS. Bioconcrete-Enabled Resilient Construction: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2901-2927. [PMID: 36976510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Concrete, the ubiquitous cementitious composite though immensely versatile, is crack-susceptible. Cracks let in deleterious substances causing durability issues. Superseding conventional crack-repair methods, the innovative application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) stands prominent, being based on the natural phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. It is eco-friendly, self-activated, economical, and simplistic. Bacteria inside concrete get activated by contacting the environment upon the crack opening and filling the cracks with calcium carbonate-their metabolic waste. This work systematizes MICCP's intricacies and reviews state-of-the-art literature on practical technicalities in its materialization and testing. Explored are the latest advances in various aspects of MICCP, such as bacteria species, calcium sources, encapsulations, aggregates, and the techniques of bio-calcification and curing. Furthermore, methodologies for crack formation, crack observation, property analysis of healed test subject, and present techno-economic limitations are examined. The work serves as a succinct, implementation-ready, and latest review for MICCP's application, giving tailorable control over the enormous variations in this bio-mimetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Mukund Lahoti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India.
| | - Anshuman Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Deeksha Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Umesh U Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Aniruddha S Purekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
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2
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Feigl V, Medgyes-Horváth A, Kari A, Török Á, Bombolya N, Berkl Z, Farkas É, Fekete-Kertész I. The potential of Hungarian bauxite residue isolates for biotechnological applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00825. [PMID: 38225962 PMCID: PMC10788403 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Bauxite residue (red mud) is considered an extremely alkaline and salty environment for the biota. We present the first attempt to isolate, identify and characterise microbes from Hungarian bauxite residues. Four identified bacterial strains belonged to the Bacilli class, one each to the Actinomycetia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria classes, and two to the Alphaproteobacteria class. All three identified fungi strains belonged to the Ascomycota division. Most strains tolerated pH 8-10 and salt content at 5-7% NaCl concentration. Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus BRHUB7 and Robertmurraya beringensis BRHUB9 can be considered halophilic and alkalitolerant. Priestia aryabhattai BRHUB2, Penicillium chrysogenum BRHUF1 and Aspergillus sp. BRHUF2 are halo- and alkalitolerant strains. Most strains produced siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances, could mobilise phosphorous, and were cellulose degraders. These strains and their enzymes are possible candidates for biotechnological applications in processes requiring extreme conditions, e.g. bioleaching of critical raw materials and rehabilitation of alkaline waste deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Anna Medgyes-Horváth
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - András Kari
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Microbiology, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Török
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Nelli Bombolya
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Berkl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
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3
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Liu X, Wu Y, Ran J, Jiao L, Sun L, Ye F. Antibacterial mechanism of inosine against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1187-1195. [PMID: 38204435 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Inosine could potentially become a novel antibacterial agent against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris as low doses of inosine can prevent its contamination. However, until now the antibacterial mechanism of inosine targeting A. acidoterrestris is still unknown. In this study, to unravel the mechanism of inosine against A. acidoterrestris puzzle, the effects of inosine on bacterial surface hydrophobicity, intracellular protein content, cell membrane damage extent, and permeability of the A. acidoterrestris were investigated. The results showed that inosine can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of A. acidoterrestris by destroying the integrity of cell membrane and increasing its permeability, causing the leakage of intracellular nutrients. Furthermore, the interaction networks of inosine target proteins were analyzed. The interaction networks further revealed that damage to bacterial cell membranes might be relevant to inosine's effect on bacterial DNA replication and cell energy metabolism through regulating nucleotide synthesis and metabolism and the activity of translation initiation factors. Finally, the antibacterial mechanism of inosine against A. acidoterrestris was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Food and Drugs, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjian Ran
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lingxia Jiao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Linjun Sun
- School of Food and Drugs, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuzhou Ye
- School of Food and Drugs, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Ivaškė A, Gribniak V, Jakubovskis R, Urbonavičius J. Bacterial Viability in Self-Healing Concrete: A Case Study of Non-Ureolytic Bacillus Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2402. [PMID: 37894059 PMCID: PMC10609539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cracking is an inevitable feature of concrete, typically leading to corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement and massive deterioration because of the freezing-thawing cycles. Different means have been proposed to increase the serviceability performance of cracked concrete structures. This case study deals with bacteria encapsulated in cementitious materials to "heal" cracks. Such a biological self-healing system requires preserving the bacteria's viability in the cement matrix. Many embedded bacterial spores are damaged during concrete curing, drastically reducing efficiency. This study investigates the viability of commonly used non-ureolytic bacterial spores when immobilized in calcium alginate microcapsules within self-healing cementitious composites. Three Bacillus species were used in this study, i.e., B. pseudofirmus, B. cohnii, and B. halodurans. B. pseudofirmus demonstrated the best mineralization activity; a sufficient number of bacterial spores remained viable after the encapsulation. B. pseudofirmus and B. halodurans spores retained the highest viability after incorporating the microcapsules into the cement paste, while B. halodurans spores retained the highest viability in the mortar. Cracks with a width of about 0.13 mm were filled with bacterial calcium carbonate within 14 to 28 days, depending on the type of bacteria. Larger cracks were not healed entirely. B. pseudofirmus had the highest efficiency, with a healing coefficient of 0.497 after 56 days. This study also revealed the essential role of the cement hydration temperature on bacterial viability. Thus, further studies should optimize the content of bacteria and nutrients in the microcapsule structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Ivaškė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Viktor Gribniak
- Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Ronaldas Jakubovskis
- Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Jaunius Urbonavičius
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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5
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Carter MS, Tuttle MJ, Mancini JA, Martineau R, Hung CS, Gupta MK. Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation by Sporosarcina pasteurii: a Case Study in Optimizing Biological CaCO 3 Precipitation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0179422. [PMID: 37439668 PMCID: PMC10467343 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01794-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO2 production. Biocement is a building material that is already in industrial use and has the potential to rival traditional concrete as a more convenient and more environmentally friendly alternative. Biocement relies on biological structures (enzymes, cells, and/or cellular superstructures) to mineralize and bind particles in aggregate materials (e.g., sand and soil particles). Sporosarcina pasteurii is a workhorse organism for biocementation, but most research to date has focused on S. pasteurii as a building material rather than a biological system. In this review, we synthesize available materials science, microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology evidence regarding biological CaCO3 precipitation and the role of microbes in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) with a focus on S. pasteurii. Based on the available information, we provide a model that describes the molecular and cellular processes involved in converting feedstock material (urea and Ca2+) into cement. The model provides a foundational framework that we use to highlight particular targets for researchers as they proceed into optimizing the biology of MICP for biocement production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Carter
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division, UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew J. Tuttle
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division, UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua A. Mancini
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division, UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Rhett Martineau
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division, UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Chia-Suei Hung
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Maneesh K. Gupta
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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6
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Jakubovskis R, Boris R. The Construction of a Footbridge Prototype with Biological Self-Healing Concrete: A Field Study in a Humid Continental Climate Region. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8585. [PMID: 36500081 PMCID: PMC9739623 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological self-healing concrete (BSHC) offers a sustainable and economical way of increasing the lifespan of structures vulnerable to cracking. In recent decades, an enormous research effort has been dedicated to developing and optimizing the bacterial healing process. Nevertheless, most studies have been carried out under laboratory conditions. To verify the effectiveness and longevity of the embedded healing systems under normal service conditions, field studies on BSHC structures must be performed. In the present study, BSHC beams were designed as a structural part of a prototype footbridge. To select the optimal BSHC mix composition, a series of laboratory tests were also carried out. Laboratory tests have shown that the healing ratio in BSHC elements under rain-simulating healing conditions was several times higher in comparison to control specimens. Based on the laboratory results, the BSHC mix composition was selected and applied for structural bridge beams. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study reports the first application of BSHC in a prototype footbridge. The long-term data gathered on the healing process in a humid continental climate zone will allow the benefits of biological self-healing to be quantitatively evaluated and will pave the way for the further optimization of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldas Jakubovskis
- Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures, Institute of Building and Bridge Structures, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Boris
- Laboratory of Composite Materials, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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7
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Nasser AA, Sorour NM, Saafan MA, Abbas RN. Microbially-Induced-Calcite-Precipitation (MICP): A Biotechnological Approach to Enhance the Durability of Concrete Using Bacillus pasteurii and Bacillus sphaericus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09879. [PMID: 35855981 PMCID: PMC9287183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing bio-based self-healing concrete aims to minimize durability problems related to cracking. In this study, MICP was used as a smart and eco-friendly approach to produce bio-based durable materials. Bacillus pasteurii (BP) and Bacillus sphaericus (BS) were added into mortar mixtures with 0.25% and 0.5% cement weight. All treated samples exhibited a significant decline in water uptake, capillary permeability, and volume of permeable voids, as compared to control with no bacteria. All treated samples showed significant increase in compressive strength by 28–50%, after 28 days of curing. At the age of 120 days, the flexural strength of all treated samples was significantly increased by 19.29–65.94%. SEM imaging and EDAX confirmed that treated samples were denser with less voids due to MICP. DTA verified that the calcite amount and the crystallinity degree were improved in treated samples. Load deflection of bacterial Reinforced-Laminates had less deformation than control. Reloaded bacterial Reinforced-Laminates exhibited excellent restoration of physico-mechanical properties and performance, after 28, 90, and 120 days, confirming the healing process. Microbial self-healing is an innovative approach for continuous repair of micro-cracks in concrete, improving its durability, thus can reduce the maintenance costs. Microbial calcite-precipitation is used as a smart and eco-friendly approach to produce bio-based durable concrete. SEM, EDAX & DTA verified that the addition of B. pasteurii & B. sphaericus into mortar induced calcite bio-precipitation. Bacterial mortar had high restoration for load deflection & stiffer with less deformation than control, confirming its healing. Bacterial mortar exhibited improved physico-mechanical performance & durability with great potential for application. Microbial self-healing is an innovative bio-approach for repairing micro-cracks in concrete thus can reduce maintenance costs.
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8
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Amini AB, Koucheh MF, Babakhani S, Kafil HS, Fahmi A. Improvement of Mortar Samples Using the Bacterial Suspension Cultured in the Industrial Corn Steep Liquor Media. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samira Babakhani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fahmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab Iran
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9
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Sidhu N, Goyal S, Reddy MS. Biomineralization of cyanobacteria Synechocystis pevalekii improves the durability properties of cement mortar. AMB Express 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 35587839 PMCID: PMC9120275 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is considered a novel eco-friendly technique to enhance the structural properties of cementitious-based material. Maximum studies have emphasized using ureolytic bacteria to improve the durability properties of building structures. In this study, the role of photoautotrophic bacteria Synechocystis pevalekii BDHKU 35101 has been investigated for calcium carbonate precipitation in sand consolidation, and enhancing mechanical and permeability properties of cement mortar. Both live and UV-treated S. pevalekii cells were used to treat the mortar specimens, and the results were compared with the control. The compressive strength of mortar specimens was significantly enhanced by 25.54% and 15.84% with live and UV-treated S. pevalekii cells at 28-day of curing. Water absorption levels were significantly reduced in bacterial-treated mortar specimens compared to control at 7 and 28-day curing. Calcium carbonate precipitation was higher in live-treated cells than in UV-treated S. pevalekii cells. Calcium carbonate precipitation by S. pevalekii cells was confirmed with SEM-EDS, XRD, and TGA analysis. These results suggest that S. pevalekii can serve as a low-cost and environment friendly MICCP technology to improve the durability properties of cementitious materials. Cyanobacterial Synechocystis pevalekii cells induced calcification on cement mortar. Both live and UV-treated cells increased the compressive strength and reduced the water absorption. Biomineralization by S. pevalekii serves as a low-cost and eco-friendly MICCP technology.
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10
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Van Wylick A, Monclaro AV, Elsacker E, Vandelook S, Rahier H, De Laet L, Cannella D, Peeters E. A review on the potential of filamentous fungi for microbial self-healing of concrete. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2021; 8:16. [PMID: 34794517 PMCID: PMC8600713 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-021-00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete is the most used construction material worldwide due to its abundant availability and inherent ease of manufacturing and application. However, the material bears several drawbacks such as the high susceptibility for crack formation, leading to reinforcement corrosion and structural degradation. Extensive research has therefore been performed on the use of microorganisms for biologically mediated self-healing of concrete by means of CaCO3 precipitation. Recently, filamentous fungi have been recognized as high-potential microorganisms for this application as their hyphae grow in an interwoven three-dimensional network which serves as nucleation site for CaCO3 precipitation to heal the crack. This potential is corroborated by the current state of the art on fungi-mediated self-healing concrete, which is not yet extensive but valuable to direct further research. In this review, we aim to broaden the perspectives on the use of fungi for concrete self-healing applications by first summarizing the major progress made in the field of microbial self-healing of concrete and then discussing pioneering work that has been done with fungi. Starting from insights and hypotheses on the types and principles of biomineralization that occur during microbial self-healing, novel potentially promising candidate species are proposed based on their abilities to promote CaCO3 formation or to survive in extreme conditions that are relevant for concrete. Additionally, an overview will be provided on the challenges, knowledge gaps and future perspectives in the field of fungi-mediated self-healing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Van Wylick
- Research Group of Architectural Engineering, Department of Architectural Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonielle Vieira Monclaro
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit-BTL-Ecole interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Advanced Process Technology and Urban Resource Efficiency (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elise Elsacker
- Research Group of Architectural Engineering, Department of Architectural Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Newcastle University, Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Devonshire Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Simon Vandelook
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hubert Rahier
- Research Group of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Department of Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars De Laet
- Research Group of Architectural Engineering, Department of Architectural Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit-BTL-Ecole interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eveline Peeters
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Jang I, Son D, Son Y, Min J, Yi C. Use of Methylcellulose-Based Pellet to Enhance the Bacterial Self-Healing of Cement Composite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206113. [PMID: 34683721 PMCID: PMC8540448 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new type of bacterial carrier using methylcellulose was presented, and its applicability to self-healing concrete has been explored. Methylcellulose, the main component of a 2 mm pellet-shaped carrier, can remain stable in alkaline environments and expand in neutral or acidic environments. These properties allow bacteria to survive in the high-alkaline and high-pressure environments of early age concrete, and the number of bacteria increases rapidly in the event of cracks, accelerating crack closure. The results show that the survival rate of bacterial spores inside the mortar was increased, and the pellet provides an enhanced biological anchor suitable for bacterial activity, bacterial growth, and mineral precipitation. Further, the results indicate an improved self-healing efficiency compared with mixing bacteria directly into the cement composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jang
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Dasom Son
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Yongjun Son
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jihyeon Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Chongku Yi
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Shen L, Yu W, Li L, Zhang T, Abshir IY, Luo P, Liu Z. Microorganism, Carriers, and Immobilization Methods of the Microbial Self-Healing Cement-Based Composites: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175116. [PMID: 34501206 PMCID: PMC8433679 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low tensile strength, poor elastic modulus, and complex concrete cracking work condition are almost unavoidable due to the intrinsic brittleness. To deal with concrete maintenance and durability, microbial self-healing concretes have been rapidly developed and widely applied recently. The microbial self-healing can specifically patch fractures as well as boost the concrete structure's capacity, durability, and permeability. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the microbe induced self-healing in cement-based composites. The microorganism and carriers were classified according to the working theory and repair effects. Additionally, the precise efficiency and effect of various technologies are also evaluated for microbial immobilization. Based on the literature review and summary from the perspective of microorganism, carriers, and immobilization methods, challenges and further works are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li’an Shen
- Chang’an Dublin International College of Transportation, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.S.); (W.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Wenlu Yu
- Chang’an Dublin International College of Transportation, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.S.); (W.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lin Li
- School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (L.L.); (I.Y.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Special Area Highway Engineering, MoE, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Chang’an Dublin International College of Transportation, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710021, China; (L.S.); (W.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ismail Yusuf Abshir
- School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (L.L.); (I.Y.A.)
| | - Pingping Luo
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (L.L.); (I.Y.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Special Area Highway Engineering, MoE, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Prolonging Bacterial Viability in Biological Concrete: Coated Expanded Clay Particles. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112719. [PMID: 34064142 PMCID: PMC8196735 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the development of a biological self-healing concrete is to ensure the long-term viability of bacteria that are embedded in the concrete. In the present study, a coated expanded clay (EC) is investigated for its potential use as a bacterial carrier in biological concrete. Eight different materials for coatings were selected considering cost, workability and accessibility in the construction industry. Long-term (56 days) viability analysis was conducted with a final evaluation of each coating performance. Our results indicate that healing efficiency in biological concrete specimens is strongly related to viable bacteria present in the healing agent. More viable bacteria-containing specimens exhibited a higher crack closure ratio. Our data suggest that the additional coating of EC particles improves long-term bacterial viability and, consequently, provides efficient crack healing in biological concrete.
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Thomas GH. Microbial Musings – April 2021. Microbiology (Reading) 2021; 167. [PMID: 33945459 PMCID: PMC8289222 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Hydrogel composite of lanthanum and Halorubrum ejinoor sp. cell lysate as an adsorbing material. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1443-1453. [PMID: 33877517 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although halophilic archaea are rich in natural environments, their biotechnological applications are not as prevalent as those of other extremophiles, such as thermophiles and alkaliphiles. This study presents an simple method to prepare a hydrogel composite using crude cell lysate of a halophilic archaea, Halorubrum ejinoor sp. (H.e.) which was isolated from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Furthermore, formation mechanism and potential applications of the hydrogel as an adsorbing material are discussed. RESULTS Halorubrum ejinoor sp. (H.e.) cell lysate was firstly prepared by adding pure water onto the H.e. cell pellet, followed by a short incubation at 60 °C. The cell lysate was injected into different metal ion (or H+) solutions to obtain the hydrogel composite. It was observed that H+, Fe3+, La3+, Cu2+, and Ca2+ induced gelation of the cell lysate, while Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ did not. DNA and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in the H.e. cell lysate were found to be responsible for the gelation reaction. These results suggest that DNA and EPS should be crosslinked by metal ions (or H+) and form a networked structure in which the metal ion (or H+) serves as an anchor point. Potential application of the hydrogel as an adsorbing material was explored using La3+-induced H.e. hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite can adsorb the fluoride, phosphate and DNA-binding carcinogenic agents, such as acridine orange. CONCLUSIONS The simplicity and cost effectiveness of the preparation method might make H.e. hydrogel a promising adsorbing material. This work is expected to expand the technical applications of haloarchaea.
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Hoffmann TD, Reeksting BJ, Gebhard S. Bacteria-induced mineral precipitation: a mechanistic review. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167:001049. [PMID: 33881981 PMCID: PMC8289221 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Micro-organisms contribute to Earth's mineral deposits through a process known as bacteria-induced mineral precipitation (BIMP). It is a complex phenomenon that can occur as a result of a variety of physiological activities that influence the supersaturation state and nucleation catalysis of mineral precipitation in the environment. There is a good understanding of BIMP induced by bacterial metabolism through the control of metal redox states and enzyme-mediated reactions such as ureolysis. However, other forms of BIMP often cannot be attributed to a single pathway but rather appear to be a passive result of bacterial activity, where minerals form as a result of metabolic by-products and surface interactions within the surrounding environment. BIMP from such processes has formed the basis of many new innovative biotechnologies, such as soil consolidation, heavy metal remediation, restoration of historic buildings and even self-healing concrete. However, these applications to date have primarily incorporated BIMP-capable bacteria sampled from the environment, while detailed investigations of the underpinning mechanisms have been lagging behind. This review covers our current mechanistic understanding of bacterial activities that indirectly influence BIMP and highlights the complexity and connectivity between the different cellular and metabolic processes involved. Ultimately, detailed insights will facilitate the rational design of application-specific BIMP technologies and deepen our understanding of how bacteria are shaping our world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Hoffmann
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Bianca J. Reeksting
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Susanne Gebhard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Chuo SC, Mohamed SF, Mohd Setapar SH, Ahmad A, Jawaid M, Wani WA, Yaqoob AA, Mohamad Ibrahim MN. Insights into the Current Trends in the Utilization of Bacteria for Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214993. [PMID: 33167607 PMCID: PMC7664203 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has received great attention for its potential in construction and geotechnical applications. This technique has been used in biocementation of sand, consolidation of soil, production of self-healing concrete or mortar, and removal of heavy metal ions from water. The products of MICP often have enhanced strength, durability, and self-healing ability. Utilization of the MICP technique can also increase sustainability, especially in the construction industry where a huge portion of the materials used is not sustainable. The presence of bacteria is essential for MICP to occur. Bacteria promote the conversion of suitable compounds into carbonate ions, change the microenvironment to favor precipitation of calcium carbonate, and act as precipitation sites for calcium carbonate crystals. Many bacteria have been discovered and tested for MICP potential. This paper reviews the bacteria used for MICP in some of the most recent studies. Bacteria that can cause MICP include ureolytic bacteria, non-ureolytic bacteria, cyanobacteria, nitrate reducing bacteria, and sulfate reducing bacteria. The most studied bacterium for MICP over the years is Sporosarcina pasteurii. Other bacteria from Bacillus species are also frequently investigated. Several factors that affect MICP performance are bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, nutrient concentration, calcium source concentration, addition of other substances, and methods to distribute bacteria. Several suggestions for future studies such as CO2 sequestration through MICP, cost reduction by using plant or animal wastes as media, and genetic modification of bacteria to enhance MICP have been put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Chuong Chuo
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia;
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sarajul Fikri Mohamed
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (S.H.M.S.); (A.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +60-75535496 (S.H.M.S.); Fax: +60-75581463 (S.H.M.S.)
| | - Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia;
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (S.H.M.S.); (A.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +60-75535496 (S.H.M.S.); Fax: +60-75581463 (S.H.M.S.)
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia;
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (S.H.M.S.); (A.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +60-75535496 (S.H.M.S.); Fax: +60-75581463 (S.H.M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (S.H.M.S.); (A.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +60-75535496 (S.H.M.S.); Fax: +60-75581463 (S.H.M.S.)
| | - Waseem A. Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Tral, Kashmir J&K-192123, India;
| | - Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (M.N.M.I.)
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Biological Self-Healing of Cement Paste and Mortar by Non-Ureolytic Bacteria Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogel Capsules. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173711. [PMID: 32842561 PMCID: PMC7504608 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crack formation in concrete is one of the main reasons for concrete degradation. Calcium alginate capsules containing biological self-healing agents for cementitious materials were studied for the self-healing of cement paste and mortars through in vitro characterizations such as healing agent survivability and retention, material stability, and biomineralization, followed by in situ self-healing observation in pre-cracked cement paste and mortar specimens. Our results showed that bacterial spores fully survived the encapsulation process and would not leach out during cement mixing. Encapsulated bacteria precipitated CaCO3 when exposed to water, oxygen, and calcium under alkaline conditions by releasing CO32− ions into the cement environment. Capsule rupture is not required for the initiation of the healing process, but exposure to the right conditions are. After 56 days of wet–dry cycles, the capsules resulted in flexural strength regain as high as 39.6% for the cement mortar and 32.5% for the cement paste specimens. Full crack closure was observed at 28 days for cement mortars with the healing agents. The self-healing system acted as a biological CO32− pump that can keep the bio-agents retained, protected, and active for up to 56 days of wet-dry incubation. This promising self-healing strategy requires further research and optimization.
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Applications of Bacillus subtilis Spores in Biotechnology and Advanced Materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01096-20. [PMID: 32631858 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01096-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been an important subject for basic studies. However, this organism has also had industrial applications due to its easy genetic manipulation, favorable culturing characteristics for large-scale fermentation, superior capacity for protein secretion, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. In addition, as the metabolically dormant form of B. subtilis, its spores have attracted great interest due to their extreme resistance to many environmental stresses, which makes spores a novel platform for a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize both conventional and emerging applications of B. subtilis spores, with a focus on how their unique characteristics have led to innovative applications in many areas of technology, including generation of stable and recyclable enzymes, synthetic biology, drug delivery, and material sciences. Ultimately, this review hopes to inspire the scientific community to leverage interdisciplinary approaches using spores to address global concerns about food shortages, environmental protection, and health care.
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20
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In-Depth Profiling of Calcite Precipitation by Environmental Bacteria Reveals Fundamental Mechanistic Differences with Relevance to Application. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02739-19. [PMID: 31980427 PMCID: PMC7082560 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02739-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization triggered by bacteria is important in the natural environment and has many applications in industry and in civil and geotechnical engineering. The diversity in biomineralization capabilities of environmental bacteria is, however, not well understood. This study surveyed environmental bacteria for their ability to precipitate calcium carbonate minerals and investigated both the mechanisms and the resulting crystals. We show that while urease activity leads to the fastest precipitation, it is by no means essential. Importantly, the same quantities of calcium carbonate are produced by nonureolytic bacteria, and the resulting crystals appear to have larger volumes and more organic components, which are likely beneficial in specific applications. Testing both precipitation mechanisms in a self-healing concrete application showed that nonureolytic bacteria delivered more robust results. Here, we performed a systematic study of the fundamental differences in biomineralization between environmental bacteria, and we provide important information for the design of bacterially based engineering solutions. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has not only helped to shape our planet’s geological features but is also a promising technology to address environmental concerns in civil engineering applications. However, limited understanding of the biomineralization capacity of environmental bacteria impedes application. We therefore surveyed the environment for different mechanisms of precipitation across bacteria. The most fundamental difference was in ureolytic ability, where urease-positive bacteria caused rapid, widespread increases in pH, whereas nonureolytic strains produced such changes slowly and locally. These pH shifts correlated well with patterns of precipitation on solid medium. Strikingly, while both mechanisms led to high levels of precipitation, we observed clear differences in the precipitate. Ureolytic bacteria produced homogenous, inorganic fine crystals, whereas the crystals of nonureolytic strains were larger and had a mixed organic/inorganic composition. When representative strains were tested in application for crack healing in cement mortars, nonureolytic bacteria gave robust results, while ureolytic strains showed more variation. This may be explained by our observation that urease activity differed between growth conditions or by the different natures and therefore different material performances of the precipitates. Our results shed light on the breadth of biomineralization activity among environmental bacteria, an important step toward the rational design of bacterially based engineering solutions. IMPORTANCE Biomineralization triggered by bacteria is important in the natural environment and has many applications in industry and in civil and geotechnical engineering. The diversity in biomineralization capabilities of environmental bacteria is, however, not well understood. This study surveyed environmental bacteria for their ability to precipitate calcium carbonate minerals and investigated both the mechanisms and the resulting crystals. We show that while urease activity leads to the fastest precipitation, it is by no means essential. Importantly, the same quantities of calcium carbonate are produced by nonureolytic bacteria, and the resulting crystals appear to have larger volumes and more organic components, which are likely beneficial in specific applications. Testing both precipitation mechanisms in a self-healing concrete application showed that nonureolytic bacteria delivered more robust results. Here, we performed a systematic study of the fundamental differences in biomineralization between environmental bacteria, and we provide important information for the design of bacterially based engineering solutions.
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21
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Chen X, Yuan J, Alazhari M. Effect of Microbiological Growth Components for Bacteria-Based Self-Healing on the Properties of Cement Mortar. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081303. [PMID: 31010040 PMCID: PMC6514938 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of bacteria-based self-healing concrete have shown that it is necessary to encapsulate and separate the self-healing ingredients (bacteria, nutrients, and precursors) in the concrete so that when a crack forms, capsules rupture, which allows the self-healing ingredients to come together and precipitate calcite into the crack. Because of the shearing action in the concrete mixer, there is a chance that these capsules, or other carriers, may rupture and release the self-healing ingredients. This would affect the efficiency of self-healing, but may detrimentally affect the concrete's properties. This work investigated the effects of multi-component growth media, containing germination and sporulation aids for the bacterial aerobic oxidation pathway, on the basic properties of fresh and hardened concrete instead of the potential self-healing efficiency in a structural service. Tests were carried out to measure the effects of growth media on air content, fluidity, capillary absorption, strength development of cement mortar following corresponding standards, hydration kinetics, setting properties, and the microstructure of cement paste, according to certain specifications or using specific machines. The research has demonstrated that a multi-constituent growth media will not have a significant effect on the properties of concrete in the proportions likely to be released during mixing. This important conclusion will allow further development of these novel materials by removing one of the key technical barriers to increased adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for In-Service Long Span Bridges, JSTI Group, Nanjing 210019, China.
- School of Transportation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Transportation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Mohamed Alazhari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13110, Libya.
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22
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Rangamaran VR, Shanmugam VK. Biocalcification by Piezotolerant Bacillus sp. NIOTVJ5 Isolated from Deep Sea Sediment and its Influence on the Strength of Concrete Specimens. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:161-170. [PMID: 30535928 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biocalcification or microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is gaining attention from the research fraternity, primarily ascribed to their eco-friendly applications. Bacterial strains have been isolated from various sources and their ability to precipitate carbonate has been studied extensively. In spite of the fact that the deep-sea environment is a potential source for bioprospecting, meager reports exist on the isolation of biocalcifying bacterial strains from deep-sea. In this study, a deep-sea sediment sample obtained from off-Barren Island coast in the Andaman Sea was investigated for biocalcifying strains. Based on the urease activity and the ability to produce calcite crystals, the strain NIOTVJ5 was chosen for further investigations. The strain showed a similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis through 16S rRNA sequencing and was shown to possess positive urease, protease, amylase, catalase, and oxidase activities. The isolate was found to be piezotolerant as it was able to survive at 100 bar pressure with significant changes in the spore morphology. The strain was able to produce strong monoxenic biofilms as well. Maximum urease activity was 554.03 U/mL and it precipitated 1.80 g/L of carbonate crystals. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate. The carbonate polymorph was identified as calcite using X-ray powder diffraction. The impact of biocalcification by NIOTVJ5 on concrete specimens indicated an increase of 30.91% in their compressive strength. This is the first report of a biocalcifying strain from a deep-sea sediment around the Indian subcontinent region. This study indicates the potential of the strain NIOTVJ5, which can be employed for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Raghavan Rangamaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkat Kumar Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Alkaliphiles: The Emerging Biological Tools Enhancing Concrete Durability. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:293-342. [PMID: 31041481 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials ever used. Despite it is a very important and common construction material, concrete is very sensitive to crack formation and requires repair. A variety of chemical-based techniques and materials have been developed to repair concrete cracks. Although the use of these chemical-based repair systems are the best commercially available choices, there have also been concerns related to their use. These repair agents suffer from inefficiency and unsustainability. Most of the products are expensive and susceptible to degradation, exhibit poor bonding to the cracked concrete surfaces, and are characterized by different physical properties such as thermal expansion coefficients which are different to that of concrete. Moreover, many of these repair agents contain chemicals that pose environmental and health hazards. Thus, there has been interest in developing concrete crack repair agents that are efficient, long lasting, safe, and benign to the environment and exhibit physical properties which resemble that of the concrete. The search initiated by these desires brought the use of biomineralization processes as tools in mending concrete cracks. Among biomineralization processes, microbially initiated calcite precipitation has emerged as an interesting alternative to the existing chemical-based concrete crack repairing system. Indeed, results of several studies on the use of microbial-based concrete repair agents revealed the remarkable potential of this approach in the fight against concrete deterioration. In addition to repairing existing concrete cracks, microorganisms have also been considered to make protective surface coating (biodeposition) on concrete structures and in making self-healing concrete.Even though a wide variety of microorganisms can precipitate calcite, the nature of concrete determines their applicability. One of the important factors that determine the applicability of microbes in concrete is pH. Concrete is highly alkaline in nature, and hence the microbes envisioned for this application are alkaliphilic or alkali-tolerant. This work reviews the available information on applications of microbes in concrete: repairing existing cracks, biodeposition, and self-healing. Moreover, an effort is made to discuss biomineralization processes that are relevant to extend the durability of concrete structures. Graphical Abstract.
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Basha S, Lingamgunta LK, Kannali J, Gajula SK, Bandikari R, Dasari S, Dalavai V, Chinthala P, Gundala PB, Kutagolla P, Balaji VK. Subsurface Endospore-Forming Bacteria Possess Bio-Sealant Properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6448. [PMID: 29691456 PMCID: PMC5915551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete is a strong and fairly inexpensive building substance, but has several disadvantages like cracking that allows corrosion, thus reducing its lifespan. To mitigate these complications, long-lasting microbial self-healing cement is an alternative that is eco-friendly and also actively repairs cracks. The present paper describes the detailed experimental investigation on compressive strength of cement mortars, mixed with six alkaliphilic bacteria, isolated from subsurface mica mines of high alkalinity. The experiments showed that the addition of alkaliphilic isolates at different cell concentrations (104 and 106 cells/ml) enhanced the compressive strength of cement mortar, because the rapid growth of bacteria at high alkalinity precipitates calcite crystals that lead to filling of pores and densifying the concrete mix. Thus, Bacillus subtilis (SVUNM4) showed the highest compressive strength (28.61%) of cement mortar at 104 cells/ml compared to those of other five alkaliphilic isolates (Brevibacillus sp., SVUNM15-22.1%; P. dendritiformis, SVUNM11-19.9%; B. methylotrophicus, SVUNM9-16%; B. licheniformis, SVUNM14-12.7% and S. maltophilia, SVUNM13-9.6%) and controlled cement mortar as well. This method resulted in the filling of cracks in concrete with calcite (CaCO3), which was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that the alkaliphilic bacterial isolates used in the study are effective in self-healing and repair of concrete cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Basha
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Jayakumar Kannali
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swarna Kumari Gajula
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Bandikari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.,College of Life Science and Technology, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Dalavai
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Paramageetham Chinthala
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasada Babu Gundala
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Peera Kutagolla
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinodh Kumar Balaji
- Department of Civil Engineering, Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology, Puttur, 517583, India
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Vashisht R, Attri S, Sharma D, Shukla A, Goel G. Monitoring biocalcification potential of Lysinibacillus sp. isolated from alluvial soils for improved compressive strength of concrete. Microbiol Res 2017; 207:226-231. [PMID: 29458858 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the potential of newly isolated calcite precipitating bacteria isolated from alluvial soil to improve the strength and durability of concrete. A total of sixteen samples of alluvial soil and sewage were collected from the different locations of province Solan (India). For isolation, enrichment culture technique was used to enrich calcite precipitating strains in Urea broth. After enrichment, fourteen distinct bacterial strains were obtained on Urea agar. Based on qualitative and quantitative screening for urease activity, five isolates were obtained possessing higher calcite formation and urease activities (38-77 μmhos/cm) as compared with standard strain of Bacillus megaterium MTCC 1684 (77 μmhos/cm). An isolate I13 identified as Lysinibacillus sp. was selected for self healing property in the concrete mix of M20. An improved compressive strength of 1.5 fold was observed in concrete samples amended with Lysinibacillus sp. over the concrete amended with B. megaterium MTCC 1684 after 28 days of curing. The higher calcite precipitation activity was indicated in Lysinibacillus sp. by FE-SEM micrographs and EDX analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Vashisht
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sampan Attri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilash Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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26
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Zhang J, Zhou A, Liu Y, Zhao B, Luan Y, Wang S, Yue X, Li Z. Microbial network of the carbonate precipitation process induced by microbial consortia and the potential application to crack healing in concrete. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14600. [PMID: 29097756 PMCID: PMC5668378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have employed various pure-cultures for improving concrete durability based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). However, there have been very few reports concerned with microbial consortia, which could perform more complex tasks and be more robust in their resistance to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we constructed three microbial consortia that are capable of MICP under aerobic (AE), anaerobic (AN) and facultative anaerobic (FA) conditions. The results showed that AE consortia showed more positive effects on inorganic carbon conversion than AN and FA consortia. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that clear distinctions appeared in the community structure between different microbial consortia systems. Further investigation on microbial community networks revealed that the species in the three microbial consortia built thorough energetic and metabolic interaction networks regarding MICP, nitrate-reduction, bacterial endospores and fermentation communities. Crack-healing experiments showed that the selected cracks of the three consortia-based concrete specimens were almost completely healed in 28 days, which was consistent with the studies using pure cultures. Although the economic advantage might not be clear yet, this study highlights the potential implementation of microbial consortia on crack healing in concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguang Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Construction Engineering Group Corporation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bowei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunbo Luan
- College of mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
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27
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Microbial healing of cracks in concrete: a review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1511-1525. [PMID: 28900729 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is the most widely used construction material of the world and maintaining concrete structures from premature deterioration is proving to be a great challenge. Early age formation of micro-cracking in concrete structure severely affects the serviceability leading to high cost of maintenance. Apart from conventional methods of repairing cracks with sealants or treating the concrete with adhesive chemicals to prevent the cracks from widening, a microbial crack-healing approach has shown promising results. The unique feature of the microbial system is that it enables self-healing of concrete. The effectiveness of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) in improving durability of cementitious building materials, restoration of stone monuments and soil bioclogging is discussed. Main emphasis has been laid on the potential of bacteria-based crack repair in concrete structure and the applications of different bacterial treatments to self-healing cracks. Furthermore, recommendations to employ the MICCP technology at commercial scale and reduction in the cost of application are provided in this review.
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