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Li J, Guo C, Wen X, Chen H, Du H, Liu D. Chemical composition of Artemisia argyi essential oil and its antifungal activity against dermatophytes by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and causing oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118344. [PMID: 38754641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dermatophytes are notorious pathogens capable of infecting various mammals skin, posing serious threats to human health and overall life quality worldwide. Artemisia argyi has been recorded and applied for over a thousand years to treat skin itching. Although it has the potential to be developed as a plant-based antifungal agent, it's antifungal activity and action mechanism of active ingredients are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antifungal activity against skin fungi, and potential mechanisms of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AEO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of AEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) firstly. Flat growth restraint and double half dilution tests was performed to evaluate AEO antifungal activity against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. And then, the physiological mechanism of AEO inhibiting dermatophytes was systematically explored through scanning electron microscopy, relative conductivity, membrane leakage, ROS content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, the main pathways were screened through transcriptome sequencing, while the related genes expression levels and enzyme activity were validated. RESULTS Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids were the most highly representative class of AEO. AEO had powerful antifungal activity against M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.2 μL/mL, respectively. Moreover, AEO can also damage the cell membrane integrity of T. mentagrophytes, resulting in cellular extravasation of intracellular substances. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the main target of AEO is to inhibit electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation during respiration, ultimately leading to obstruction of normal ATP synthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria. And a large amount of ROS will generate due to the incompletely catalysis of oxygen under mitochondrial complexes. Coupled with the decrease of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD) activity, excessive accumulation of ROS will cause serious oxidative damage to cells and eventually exhibiting antifungal activity against dermatophytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that Artemisia argyi was a valuable source of active compounds with antifungal activity. These findings support AEO as a potential agent to inhibit dermatophytes and prevent related dermatophytoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Li
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xuejiao Wen
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Dahui Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Álvarez-Martínez J, González-García V, Casanova-Gascón J, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Inflorescence Extract for Tomato Disease Management. Molecules 2023; 28:5861. [PMID: 37570830 PMCID: PMC10421166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum stoechas is a singular halophyte that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and allelopathic properties. In the work presented herein, we have characterized its inflorescences hydromethanolic extract and assessed its antifungal activity for the pre- and postharvest management of tomato crop diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization of the extract showed that 4-ethenyl-1,3-benzenediol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, quinic acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, catechol, scopoletin, and maltol were the main constituents. The co-occurrence of pyranones, benzenediols, and quinic acids as phytoconstituents of H. stoechas extract resulted in promising in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 500, 375, 500, 187.5, 187.5, and 375 μg·mL-1 against mycelia of Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Verticillium dahliae, respectively. Further, to assess the potential of H. stoechas inflorescence extract for postharvest tomato crop protection, ex situ tests were conducted against C. coccodes, obtaining high protection at a dose of 750 μg·mL-1. Taking into consideration that the demonstrated activity is among the highest reported to date for plant extracts and comparable to that of the synthetic fungicides tested as positive controls, H. stoechas inflorescence extract may be put forward as a promising biorational and may deserve further testing in field-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (J.Á.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Javier Álvarez-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (J.Á.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Vicente González-García
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Systems, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (J.Á.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (J.Á.-M.); (J.M.-G.)
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Kim YB, Cho HJ, Yi YS. Anti-inflammatory role of Artemisia argyi methanol extract by targeting the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116231. [PMID: 36754190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi possesses pharmacological activities against various immunopathological conditions associated with inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the inhibitory role of Artemisia argyi methanol extract (Aa-ME) in inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanism in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome was activated in J774A.1 macrophage by Pam3CSK4 treatment and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transfection. Aa-ME-mediated in vitro anti-inflammatory action was examined using MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), nitric oxide (NO) generation assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Aa-ME-mediated in vivo anti-inflammatory action was examined in LPS-stimulated lethal septic mice. RESULTS Aa-ME inhibited caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-stimulated pyroptosis and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in J774A.1 macrophages. Aa-ME also inhibited NO generation by downregulating inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-primed and caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-triggered J774A.1 cells. The mechanism study revealed Aa-ME suppressed the auto-proteolytic activation of caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in J774A.1 cells and also interfered with caspase-11-mediated direct recognition of LPS. Moreover, Aa-ME alleviated LPS-induced lethal sepsis in mice by increasing their survival rate without significant toxicity. CONCLUSION These results suggest a novel mechanism by which Aa-ME alleviates inflammatory responses by deactivating caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui-Jin Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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Phytochemical Profiling of Sambucus nigra L. Flower and Leaf Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Potential against Almond Tree Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021154. [PMID: 36674670 PMCID: PMC9866908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the chemical composition of elderberries and their numerous uses in pharmaceutical, beverage, and food production, there is still a lack of knowledge about Sambucus nigra leaves and flowers' antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. In this study, the phytoconstituents of their aqueous ammonia extracts were first characterized by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major phytocompounds identified in the flower extract were octyl 2-methylpropanoate; 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one; propyl malonic acid; adenine; and 1-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol. Concerning the leaf extract, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose; oleic acid; 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole; 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran; and 4-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol and other phenol derivatives were the main constituents. The potential of the extracts to act as bioprotectants was then investigated against three almond tree pathogens: Diaporthe amygdali, Phytophthora megasperma, and Verticillium dahliae. In vitro tests showed higher activity of the flower extract, with EC90 values in the 241-984 μg·mL-1 range (depending on the pathogen) vs. 354-1322 μg·mL-1 for the leaf extract. In addition, the flower extract led to full protection against P. megasperma at a dose of 1875 μg·mL-1 in ex situ tests on artificially-infected excised almond stems. These inhibitory concentrations were lower than those of commercial fungicides. These findings suggest that S. nigra aerial organs may be susceptible to valorization as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the protection of this important crop.
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Su SH, Sundhar N, Kuo WW, Lai SC, Kuo CH, Ho TJ, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Shih CY, Lin YJ, Huang CY. Artemisia argyi extract induces apoptosis in human gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells via the PI3K/MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115658. [PMID: 36075273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot (Asteraceae), also called "Chinese mugwort", is frequently used as a herbal medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and eastern parts of Russia. It is known as "ai ye" in China and "Gaiyou" in Japan. In ancient China, the buds and leaves of A. argyi were commonly consumed before and after Tomb-sweeping Day. It is used to treat malaria, hepatitis, cancer, inflammatory diseases, asthma, irregular menstrual cycle, sinusitis, and pathologic conditions of the kidney and liver. Although A. argyi extract (AAE) has shown anti-tumor activity against various cancers, the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of AAE remains to be further studied in lung cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of AAE and its associated biological mechanisms in CL1-0 parent and gemcitabine-resistant (CL1-0-GR) lung cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Human lung cancer cells CL1-0 and CL1-0-GR cells were treated with AAE. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT, colony, and spheroid formation assays. Migration, invasion, and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the extent of epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT). JC-1 and MitoSOX fluorescent assays were performed to investigate the effect of AAE on mitochondria. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry with Annexin V staining. RESULT We found that A. argyi significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased ROS levels in both parent cells (CL1-0) and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells (CL1-0-GR). AAE-induced apoptosis is regulated via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. It also prevents CL1-0 and CL1-0-GR cancer cell invasion, migration, EMT, colony formation, and spheroid formation. In addition, AAE acts cooperative with commercial chemotherapy drugs to enhance tumor spheroid shrinkage. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that A. argyi treatment suppresses both parent and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells by inducing ROS, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and apoptosis, and reducing EMT. Our finding provides insights into the anti-cancer activity of A. argyi and suggests that A. argyi may serve as a chemotherapy adjuvant that potentiates the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Hua Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Navaneethan Sundhar
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Lai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Shih
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Albaqami JJ, Benny TP, Hamdi H, Altemimi AB, Kuttithodi AM, Job JT, Sasidharan A, Narayanankutty A. Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities of Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207119. [PMID: 36296712 PMCID: PMC9611367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been employed in therapeutic applications against various infectious and chronic diseases from ancient times. Various traditional medicines and folk systems have utilized numerous plants and plant products, which act as sources of drug candidates for modern medicine. Artemisia is a genus of the Asteraceae family with more than 500 species; however, many of these species are less explored for their biological efficacy, and several others are lacking scientific explanations for their uses. Artemisia nilagirica is a plant that is widely found in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India and is a prominent member of the genus. In the current study, the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities were examined. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of A. nilagirica indicated in vitro DPPH scavenging (23.12 ± 1.28 µg/mL), ABTS scavenging (27.44 ± 1.88 µg/mL), H2O2 scavenging (12.92 ± 1.05 µg/mL), and FRAP (5.42 ± 0.19 µg/mL). The anti-inflammatory effect was also noticed in the Raw 264.7 macrophages, where pretreatment with the extract reduced the LPS-stimulated production of cytokines (p < 0.05). A. nilagirica was also efficient in inhibiting the activities of α-amylase (38.42 ± 2.71 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (55.31 ± 2.16 µg/mL), aldose reductase (17.42 ± 0.87 µg/mL), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (29.57 ± 1.46 µg/mL). It also induced significant inhibition of proliferation in breast (MCF7 IC50 = 41.79 ± 1.07, MDAMB231 IC50 = 55.37 ± 2.11µg/mL) and colon (49.57 ± 1.46 µg/mL) cancer cells. The results of the phytochemical screening indicated a higher level of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extract and the LCMS analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents including artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher J. Albaqami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tancia P. Benny
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
| | - Hamida Hamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Aswathi Moothakoottil Kuttithodi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
- Correspondence: (J.T.J.); (A.N.)
| | - Anju Sasidharan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India
- Correspondence: (J.T.J.); (A.N.)
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Li J, Zhao T, Chen L, Chen H, Luo D, Chen C, Miao Y, Liu D. Artemisia argyi allelopathy: a generalist compromises hormone balance, element absorption, and photosynthesis of receptor plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:368. [PMID: 35879664 PMCID: PMC9317128 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allelopathy is expressed through the release of plant chemicals and is considered a natural alternative for sustainable weed management. Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) is widely distributed throughout Asia, and often dominates fields due to its strong allelopathy. However, the mechanism of A. argyi allelopathy is largely unknown and need to be elucidated at the physiological and molecular levels. RESULTS In this study, we used electron microscopy, ionomics analysis, phytohormone profiling, and transcriptome analysis to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of A. argyi allelopathy using the model plant rice (Oryza sativa) as receptor plants. A. argyi water extract (AAWE)-treated rice plants grow poorly and display root morphological anomalies and leaf yellowing. We found that AAWE significantly inhibits rice growth by destroying the root and leaf system in multiple ways, including the integrity of ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and the accumulation of soluble sugar and chlorophyll synthesis. Further detection of the hormone contents suggests that AAWE leads to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in roots. Moreover, ionomics analysis shows that AAWE inhibits the absorption and transportation of photosynthesis-essential mineral elements, especially Mg, Fe, and Mn. In addition, the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that AAWE affects a series of crucial primary metabolic processes comprising photosynthesis in rice plants. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that A. argyi realizes its strongly allelopathy through comprehensive effects on recipient plants including large-scale IAA synthesis and accumulation, ROS explosion, damaging the membrane system and organelles, and obstructing ion absorption and transport, photosynthesis and other pivotal primary metabolic processes of plants. Therefore, AAWE could potentially be developed as an environmentally friendly botanical herbicide due to its strong allelopathic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Le Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Changjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuhuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Dahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Gu H, Zhang S, Liu L, Yang Z, Zhao F, Tian Y. Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi From Artemisia argyi and Bioactive Metabolites From Diaporthe sp. AC1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908836. [PMID: 35814687 PMCID: PMC9260665 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are important sources of active natural products. In this study, 26 fungi were isolated from Artemisia argyi, which were belonging to eight genera, namely, Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Phoma, Diaporthe, Trichoderma, Gibberella, and Colletotrichum. The antimicrobial activities of all fungal extracts were tested by using the cup-plate method against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Fusarium graminearum. The results demonstrated that 25 extracts (96%) exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested pathogenic microorganisms. The strain Diaporthe sp. AC1, which showed good antimicrobial activity and high yield of crude extract from fermentation, was selected for the study of secondary metabolites. The crude extract of strain AC1 was purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and HPLC, and finally, a new compound phomopsolide G (1), together with three known phomopsolides (2–4) and four other known compounds (5–8), was obtained. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR and/or HR-MS spectroscopy. Microdilution method and MTT colorimetry were used to determine the bioactivity of the compounds. The study demonstrated that the new compound 1 had moderate antifungal activity against F. graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, and Botrytis cinerea and weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Compound 1 also showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2, A549, and MDA-MB-231, with IC50 values of 89.91, 107.65, and 53.97 μM. Additionally, other compounds also exhibited antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic activities. The findings provided the basis for searching drug and agricultural lead compounds from A. argyi-associated fungi resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Gu
- Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shikai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengyou Yang
- Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengyou Yang,
| | - Fengchun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Fengchun Zhao,
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Yuan Tian,
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