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Grygorcewicz B, Gliźniewicz M, Olszewska P, Miłek D, Czajkowski A, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Rakoczy R. Response Surface Methodology Application for Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Antibiofilm Activity Optimization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2352. [PMID: 37764196 PMCID: PMC10536537 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage-antibiotic combination-based protocols are presently under heightened investigation. This paradigm extends to engagements with bacterial biofilms, necessitating novel computational approaches to comprehensively characterize and optimize the outcomes achievable via these combinations. This study aimed to explore the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in optimizing the antibiofilm activity of bacteriophage-antibiotic combinations. We employ a combination of antibiotics (gentamicin, meropenem, amikacin, ceftazidime, fosfomycin, imipenem, and colistin) alongside the bacteriophage vB_AbaP_AGC01 to combat Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm. Based on the conducted biofilm challenge assays analyzed using the RSM, the optimal points of antibiofilm activity efficacy were effectively selected by applying this methodology, enabling the quantifiable mathematical representations. Subsequent optimization showed the synergistic potential of the anti-biofilm that arises when antibiotics are judiciously combined with the AGC01 bacteriophage, reducing biofilm biomass by up to 80% depending on the antibiotic used. The data suggest that the phage-imipenem combination demonstrates the highest efficacy, with an 88.74% reduction. Notably, the lower concentrations characterized by a high maximum reduction in biofilm biomass were observed in the phage-amikacin combination at cA = 0.00195 and cP = 0.38 as the option that required minimum resources. It is worth noting that only gentamicin antagonism between the phage and the antibiotic was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marta Gliźniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Patrycja Olszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Dominika Miłek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Artur Czajkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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Gerges MA, Fahmy YA, Hosny T, Gandor NH, Mohammed SY, Mohamed TMA, Abdelmoteleb NEM, Esmaeel NE. Biofilm Formation and Aspartyl Proteinase Activity and Their Association with Azole Resistance Among Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5283-5293. [PMID: 37601561 PMCID: PMC10439283 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a condition that is commonly treated with azole agents. Biofilm formation and aspartyl proteinase production are important virulence factors that could be linked to azole resistance in C. albicans impeding therapy. Aim To find out the association of both factors with azole resistance among C. albicans isolated from VVC cases in Egyptian nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Patients and Methods In a cross-sectional study, C. albicans was isolated from nonpregnant females diagnosed clinically as having VVC during a 1-year study period. Susceptibility to azole agents was tested using the disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation and aspartyl proteinase production were assessed phenotypically. Additionally, two biofilm-related genes (ALS1 and HWP1) and three proteinase genes (SAP2, SAP4, and SAP6) were screened for using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Among 204 C. albicans isolates, azole resistance ratios were as follows: voriconazole (30.4%), itraconazole (17.6%), fluconazole (11.3%) and econazole (6.4%). Biofilm-producing capacity was detected in 63.2% of isolates, and 63.2% were proteinase producers. The frequencies of ALS1 and HWP1 were 69.6% and 74.5%, respectively, while SAP2, SAP4, and SAP6 were 69.2%, 88.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with azole resistance (P < 0.001 for each tested azole agent) as was proteinase production (P < 0.001 for fluconazole, voriconazole, and econazole resistance and P = 0.047 for itraconazole). Conclusion Among nonpregnant Egyptian women of childbearing age, azole resistance in C. albicans causing VVC is significantly associated with biofilm formation and proteinase production. The development of new therapeutic agents that can target these factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A Gerges
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Ahmed Fahmy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Thoraya Hosny
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nessma H Gandor
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherif Y Mohammed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Noura E Esmaeel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Eshima S, Matsumoto Y, Kurakado S, Sugita T. Silkworm model of biofilm formation: In vivo evaluation of antimicrobial tolerance of a cross-kingdom dual-species (Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) biofilm on catheter material. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288452. [PMID: 37450444 PMCID: PMC10348565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are formed by microorganisms and their products on the surface of materials such as medical devices. Biofilm formation protects microorganisms from antimicrobial agents. Bacteria and fungi often form dual-species biofilms on the surfaces of medical devices in clinical settings. An experimental system to evaluate in vivo biofilm formation by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans was established using silkworms inserted with polyurethane fiber (PF), a catheter material. In the present study, we established an in vivo experimental system using silkworms to evaluate the antimicrobial tolerance of Escherichia coli in single- and dual-species biofilms formed on the surface of the PF. The injection of E. coli into the PF-inserted silkworms led to the formation of a biofilm by E. coli on the surface of the PF. E. coli in the biofilm exhibited tolerance to meropenem (MEPM). Furthermore, when E. coli and C. albicans were co-inoculated into the PF-inserted silkworms, a dual-species biofilm formed on the surface of the PF. E. coli in the dual-species biofilm with C. albicans was more tolerant to MEPM than E. coli in the single-species biofilm. These findings suggest the usefulness of an in vivo experimental system using PF-inserted silkworms to investigate the mechanisms of MEPM tolerance in E. coli in single- and dual-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Eshima
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Kurakado
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
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Sadanandan B, Vijayalakshmi V, Ashrit P, Babu UV, Sharath Kumar LM, Sampath V, Shetty K, Joglekar AP, Awaknavar R. Aqueous spice extracts as alternative antimycotics to control highly drug resistant extensive biofilm forming clinical isolates of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281035. [PMID: 37315001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans form biofilm by associating with biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation by C. albicans is relevant and significant as the organisms residing within, gain resistance to conventional antimycotics and are therefore difficult to treat. This study targeted the potential of spice-based antimycotics to control C. albicans biofilms. Ten clinical isolates of C. albicans along with a standard culture MTCC-3017 (ATCC-90028) were screened for their biofilm-forming ability. C. albicans M-207 and C. albicans S-470 were identified as high biofilm formers by point inoculation on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium as they formed a lawn within 16 h and exhibited resistance to fluconazole and caspofungin at 25 mcg and 8 mcg respectively. Aqueous and organic spice extracts were screened for their antimycotic activity against C. albicans M-207 and S-470 by agar and disc diffusion and a Zone of Inhibition was observed. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on growth absorbance and cell viability measurements. The whole aqueous extract of garlic inhibited biofilms of C. albicans M-207, whereas whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were effective in controlling C. albicans S-470 biofilm within 12 h of incubation. The presence of allicin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid as dominant compounds in the aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry respectively was determined by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The morphology of C. albicans biofilm at different growth periods was also determined through bright field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results of this study indicated that the alternate approach in controlling high biofilm-forming, multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans M-207 and S-470 using whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry is a safe, potential, and cost-effective one that can benefit the health care needs with additional effective therapeutics to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vasulingam Sampath
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Rashmi Awaknavar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Zheng L, Gu X, Sun L, Dong M, Gao A, Han Z, Pan H, Zhang H. Adding Metal Ions to the Bacillus mojavensis D50 Promotes Biofilm Formation and Improves Ability of Biocontrol. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050526. [PMID: 37233237 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus mojavensis D50, a biocontrol strain, is used to prevent and treat the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Bacillus mojavensis D50's biofilms can affect its colonization; thus, the effects of different metal ions and culture conditions on biofilm formation were determined in this study. The results of medium optimization showed that Ca2+ had the best ability to promote biofilm formation. The optimal medium composition for the formation of biofilms contained tryptone (10 g/L), CaCl2 (5.14 g/L), and yeast extract (5.0 g/L), and the optimal fermentation conditions included pH 7, a temperature of 31.4 °C, and a culture time of 51.8 h. We found that the antifungal activity and abilities to form biofilms and colonize roots were improved after optimization. In addition, the levels of expression of the genes luxS, SinR, FlhA, and tasA were up-regulated by 37.56-, 2.87-, 12.46-, and 6.22-fold, respectively. The soil enzymatic activities which related biocontrol-related enzymes were the highest when the soil was treated by strain D50 after optimization. In vivo biocontrol assays indicated that the biocontrol effect of strain D50 after optimization was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Xuehu Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Liangpeng Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Meiqi Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Ao Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Zhe Han
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchu 130118, China
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A microplate‐based Response Surface Methodology model for growth optimization and biofilm formation on polystyrene polymeric material in a
Candida albicans
and
Escherichia coli
co‐culture. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Ashrit P, Sadanandan B, Shetty K, Vaniyamparambath V. Polymicrobial Biofilm Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Candida albicans and Ampicillin-Resistant Escherichia coli and Antimicrobial Inhibition by Aqueous Garlic Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050573. [PMID: 35625217 PMCID: PMC9137478 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm of C. albicans with E. coli exhibits a dynamic interspecies interaction and is refractory to conventional antimicrobials. In this study, a high biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant strain of C. albicans overcomes inhibition by E. coli in a 24 h coculture. However, following treatment with whole Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE), these individual biofilms of multidrug-resistant C. albicans M-207 and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli ATCC 39936 and their polymicrobial biofilm were prevented, as evidenced by biochemical and structural characterization. This study advances the antimicrobial potential of AGE to inhibit drug-resistant C. albicans and bacterial-associated polymicrobial biofilms, suggesting the potential for effective combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial designs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-80-2308331; Fax: +91-80-2360-3124
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
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