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Ramezani M, Labour EE, Ji J, Vakil AU, Du C, Orado TK, Nangia S, Monroe MBB. Self-Defensive Antimicrobial Shape Memory Polyurethanes with Honey-Based Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 38047583 PMCID: PMC10726308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection treatment plays a crucial role in aiding the body in wound healing. To that end, we developed a library of antimicrobial polymers based on segmented shape memory polyurethanes with nondrug-based antimicrobials (i.e., honey-based phenolic acids (PAs)) using both chemical and physical incorporation approaches. The antimicrobial shape memory polymers (SMPs) have high transition temperatures (>55 °C) to enable maintenance of temporary, programmed shapes in physiological conditions unless a specific external stimulus is present. Polymers showed tunable mechanical and shape memory properties by changing the ratio, chemistry, and incorporation method of PAs. Cytocompatible (∼100% cell viability) synthesized polymers inhibited growth rates of Staphylococcus aureus (∼100% with physically incorporated PAs and >80% with chemically incorporated PAs) and Escherichia coli (∼100% for samples with cinnamic acid (physical and chemical)). Crystal violet assays showed that all formulations inhibit biofilm formation in surrounding solutions, and chemically incorporated samples showed surface antibiofilm properties with S. aureus. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that PAs have higher levels of interactions with S. aureus cell membranes than E. coli. Long-term antimicrobial properties were measured after storage of the sample in aqueous conditions; the polymers retained their antimicrobial properties against E. coli after up to 20 days. As a proof of concept, magnetic particles were incorporated into the polymer to trigger user-defined shape recovery by applying an external magnetic field. Shape recovery disrupted preformed S. aureus biofilms on polymer surfaces. This antimicrobial biomaterial platform could enable user- or environmentally controlled shape change and/or antimicrobial release to enhance infection treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ramezani
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Emily Elizabeth Labour
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Anand Utpal Vakil
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Changling Du
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Thalma Kabeyi Orado
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Mary Beth Browning Monroe
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, and BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Chan WT, Garcillán-Barcia MP, Yeo CC, Espinosa M. Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad052. [PMID: 37715317 PMCID: PMC10532202 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are entities found in the prokaryotic genomes, with eight reported types. Type II, the best characterized, is comprised of two genes organized as an operon. Whereas toxins impair growth, the cognate antitoxin neutralizes its activity. TAs appeared to be involved in plasmid maintenance, persistence, virulence, and defence against bacteriophages. Most Type II toxins target the bacterial translational machinery. They seem to be antecessors of Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding (HEPN) RNases, minimal nucleotidyltransferase domains, or CRISPR-Cas systems. A total of four TAs encoded by Streptococcus pneumoniae, RelBE, YefMYoeB, Phd-Doc, and HicAB, belong to HEPN-RNases. The fifth is represented by PezAT/Epsilon-Zeta. PezT/Zeta toxins phosphorylate the peptidoglycan precursors, thereby blocking cell wall synthesis. We explore the body of knowledge (facts) and hypotheses procured for Type II TAs and analyse the data accumulated on the PezAT family. Bioinformatics analyses showed that homologues of PezT/Zeta toxin are abundantly distributed among 14 bacterial phyla mostly in Proteobacteria (48%), Firmicutes (27%), and Actinobacteria (18%), showing the widespread distribution of this TA. The pezAT locus was found to be mainly chromosomally encoded whereas its homologue, the tripartite omega-epsilon-zeta locus, was found mostly on plasmids. We found several orphan pezT/zeta toxins, unaccompanied by a cognate antitoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ting Chan
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcillán-Barcia
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Albert Einstein 22, PCTCAN, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine
, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahumd, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Manuel Espinosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Li M, Guo N, Song G, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:164. [PMID: 36828478 PMCID: PMC9966142 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are typically composed of a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin; the latter counteracts the toxicity of the former under suitable conditions. TA systems are classified into eight types based on the nature and molecular modes of action of the antitoxin component so far. The 10 pairs of TA systems discovered and experimentally characterised in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are type II TA systems. Type II TA systems have various physiological functions, such as virulence and biofilm formation, protection host against antibiotics, persistence, plasmid maintenance, and prophage production. Here, we review the type II TA systems of P. aeruginosa, focusing on their biological functions and regulatory mechanisms, providing potential applications for the novel drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yani Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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