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Nogueira LDS, Poveda VDB, Lemos CDS, Bruna CQDM, Moura BRS. COVID-19 infection in nursing staff: A cohort study. Int J Nurs Pract 2023:e13147. [PMID: 36929231 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to identify the working conditions of Brazilian nursing professionals and the risk factors for these professionals to become infected by coronavirus disease. BACKGROUND Understanding the factors that affected nursing professionals during the pandemic can support better nursing management. DESIGN This is a quantitative, cross-sectional survey study. METHODS Data collection was carried out between February and March 2022 in Brazil. All nursing professionals registered in the national database received by e-mail the study instrument with the data collection variables: professionals' sociodemographic and comorbid, professional and institutional characteristics, and professionals' health conditions and disease-related aspects for COVID-19. RESULTS Four thousand eight hundred sixty-two nursing professionals reported a lack of personal protective equipment for patient care, and 4424 were infected by coronavirus disease. The risk factors to become infected were having cardiovascular disease, being under 60 years of age, living in the northern region, using public transportation, working in a hospital, an emergency department or reference institution for COVID-19, living with an infected person and lack of respirators or waterproof aprons. CONCLUSION Multiple risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 were demonstrated for the nursing professionals during the pandemic, highlighting current and future pandemics factors that are modifiable in a worthwhile time frame to minimize nurses' infection risks, such as inadequate working conditions associated with lack of essential personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia de Souza Nogueira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, São Paulo, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Brito Poveda
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, São Paulo, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Cassiane de Santana Lemos
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, São Paulo, 05403000, Brazil
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2
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Van Delen M, Janssens I, Dams A, Roosens L, Ogunjimi B, Berneman ZN, Derdelinckx J, Cools N. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induce Apoptosis-Independent T Cell Hyporesponsiveness of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cells in an Antigen-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315201. [PMID: 36499533 PMCID: PMC9740551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing, there are currently no specific and highly efficient drugs for COVID-19 available, particularly in severe cases. Recent findings demonstrate that severe COVID-19 disease that requires hospitalization is associated with the hyperactivation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In this study, we aimed to counteract this high inflammatory state by inducing T-cell hyporesponsiveness in a SARS-CoV-2-specific manner using tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC). In vitro-activated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were isolated and stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide-loaded monocyte-derived tolDC or with SARS-CoV-2 peptide-loaded conventional (conv) DC. We demonstrate a significant decrease in the number of interferon (IFN)-γ spot-forming cells when SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were stimulated with tolDC as compared to stimulation with convDC. Importantly, this IFN-γ downmodulation in SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was antigen-specific, since T cells retain their capacity to respond to an unrelated antigen and are not mediated by T cell deletion. Altogether, we have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 peptide-pulsed tolDC induces SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness in an antigen-specific manner as compared to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific convDC. These observations underline the clinical potential of tolDC to correct the immunological imbalance in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Van Delen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ibo Janssens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amber Dams
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N. Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Judith Derdelinckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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3
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Loft MI. Caring from a distance: how a COVID-19 visitor ban affects
relatives when a loved one is admitted to a neurological or
neurosurgical ward. J Res Nurs 2022; 27:532-542. [PMID: 36338927 PMCID: PMC9630925 DOI: 10.1177/17449871221116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurological patients often suffer physical, cognitive,
communicative, behavioural or psychosocial limitations. This may
weaken the preconditions for participating in decisions about
their treatment, rehabilitation and future. These impairments
often cause relatives to care and advocate for the patient. This
practice was gravely interrupted by the COVID-19 visitor
ban. Aims This study aims to investigate how relatives of neurological
patients experienced the visitor ban and to identify potential
areas for improvement. Methods Twelve semi-structured interviews with relatives of neurological
patients were conducted. Data were analysed by performing a
thematic analysis inspired by Braun and Clark. Results The following six themes emerged: Visitor ban as a necessary evil,
Losing control and feeling checkmate, Mending the information
gap, Waiting by the phone, Empathy and compassion as the core of
a good relationship and Caring for a loved one from a
distance. Conclusions Having a loved one admitted to a neurological ward during the
COVID-19 visitor ban greatly restrains relatives and affects the
relationship with their loved one and the hospital healthcare
staff. Healthcare staff need to take responsibility and reach
out, while simultaneously exploring new ways of
communicating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia I Loft
- Mia I Loft, Department of
Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Neurologisk Klinik N39, Valdemar Hansens
Vej 13, Copenhagen 2100. Denmark.
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4
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Loft MI, Foged EM, Koreska M. An Unexpected Journey: The Lived Experiences of Patients with Long-Term Cognitive Sequelae After Recovering from COVID-19. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1356-1369. [PMID: 35603563 PMCID: PMC9124947 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221099467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This current study explored the lived experiences of patients with long-term cognitive sequelae after recovering from COVID-19. A qualitative design with in-depth interviews and an analysis inspired by Ricoeur's interpretation theory was utilised. Contracting COVID-19 and suffering long-term sequelae presented as a life-altering event with significant consequences for one's social, psychological and vocational being in the world in the months following the infection. Patients living with long-term cognitive sequelae after COVID-19 were in an unknown life situation characterised by feelings of anxiety, uncertainty and concerns about the future, significantly disrupting their life trajectory and forcing them to change their ways of life. While awaiting studies on treatment, symptom management and recovery after persistent sequelae of COVID-19, clinicians and researchers may find inspiration in experiences of other health conditions with similar phenomenology, such as ME/chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia I. Loft
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health,
Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Eva M. Foged
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mai Koreska
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Loft MI, Poulsen I, Guldager R. Feeling all alone in the world - experiences of patients with a neurological disease during a COVID-19 visitor ban: An interview study. Nurs Open 2022; 10:61-69. [PMID: 35730124 PMCID: PMC9748115 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore how patients with neurological disease experienced a COVID-19 visitor ban and to identify ways of improving the quality of care. BACKGROUND In March 2020, a temporary visitor ban was introduced in Danish hospitals to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This led to changes in clinical practice, leaving patients without their loved ones beside them. Since neurological patients are already considered vulnerable due to physical, and sometimes cognitive impairment, we urgently wished to investigate these circumstances to facilitate appropriate support. DESIGN This study was conducted using a qualitative explorative design. METHODS Fourteen patients with neurological disease were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS For most patients, being hospitalized during the COVID-19 visitor ban was a painful experience with the potential to negatively influence both their mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ingerslev Loft
- Department of NeurologyRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,Health, Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and HealthcareAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Ingrid Poulsen
- Health, Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and HealthcareAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,Department of Neurorehabilitation, TBI UnitRigshospitaletHvidovreDenmark
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Guerrina R, Borisch B, Callahan LF, Howick J, Reginster JY, Mobasheri A. Health and Gender Inequalities of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Adverse Impacts on Women's Health, Wealth and Social Welfare. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:670310. [PMID: 34816222 PMCID: PMC8593989 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.670310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we discuss the nexus of health and gender inequalities associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight its adverse impacts on women's health, welfare and social standing. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the link between socio-economic inequalities and health outcomes, especially in the area of rheumatic and musculoskeletal (RMDs) diseases. Women are more adversely affected by RMDs diseases compared to men. Epidemiological research carried out over several decades has demonstrated the presence of clear gender patterns in the manifestation of musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SS) and osteoporosis (OP). The public health measures that have been adopted to curb the spread of Sars-COV-2 are expected to have a particularly detrimental impact on women in the long term precisely because of the nexus between health outcomes and socio-economic structures. Moreover, the prioritization of urgent care will further compound this effect. COVID-19 has created a condition of ontological insecurity that is becoming increasingly manifested through various chronic diseases and associated comorbidities. RMDs and their impact on mobility and the ability of individuals to be independent, happy and mobile is a key public health challenge in the post-COVID-19 reality and a key part of the ongoing pandemic. There is an urgent need to engage with policymakers to publicize and prioritize this problem and develop viable solutions to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Guerrina
- School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Borisch
- Policies and Governance Research Group, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leigh F Callahan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Departments of Orthopedics and Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy Howick
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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The challenge of COVID-19 for adult men and women in the United States: disparities of psychological distress by gender and age. Public Health 2021; 198:218-222. [PMID: 34481278 PMCID: PMC8299224 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of psychological distress rose from 11% in 2019 to more than 40% in 2020. This study aims to examine the disparities among US adult men and women. Study design We used 21 waves of cross-sectional data from the Household Pulse Survey that were collected between April and December 2020 for the study. The Household Pulse Survey was developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to document the social and economic impact of COVID-19. Methods The study population included four groups of adults: emerging adults (18–24 years); young adults (25–44 years); middle-aged adults (45–64 years); and older adults (65–88 years). Psychological distress was measured by their Generalized Anxiety Disorder score and the Patient Health Questionnaire. The prevalence of psychological stress was calculated using logistic models adjusted for socio-demographic variables including race/ethnicity, education, household income, and household structure. All descriptive and regression analysis considered survey weights. Results Younger age groups experienced higher prevalence of psychological distress than older age groups. Among emerging adults, the prevalence of anxiety (42.6%) and depression (39.5%) was more than twice as high as older adults who experienced prevalence of anxiety at 20% and depression at 16.6%. Gender differences were also more apparent in emerging adults. Women between 18 and 24 years reported higher differential rates of anxiety and depression than those with men (anxiety: 43.9% vs. 28.3%; depression: 33.3% vs. 24.9%). Conclusion Understanding the complex dynamics between COVID-19 and psychological distress has emerged as a public health priority. Mitigating the negative mental health consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, for younger generations and females in particular, will require local efforts to rebuild capacity for social integration and social connection.
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9
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von Vogelsang AC, Göransson KE, Falk AC, Nymark C. Missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative observational study. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:2343-2352. [PMID: 34097799 PMCID: PMC8236932 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate frequencies, types of, and reasons for missed nursing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic at inpatient wards in a highly specialized university hospital. Background Registered nurse/patient ratio and nursing competence is known to affect patient outcomes. The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic entailed novel ways for staffing to meet the expected increased acute care demand, which potentially could impact on quality of care. Methods A comparative cross‐sectional study was conducted, using the MISSCARE Survey. A sample of nursing staff during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (n=130) was compared with a reference sample (n=157). Results Few differences between samples concerning elements of missed care, and no significant differences concerning reasons for missed care were found. Most participants perceived the quality of care and the patient safety to be good. Conclusion The results may be explained by three factors: maintained registered nurse/patient ratio, patients’ dependency levels and that nursing managers could maintain the staffing needs with a sufficient skill mix. Implications for nursing management Nursing managers impact on the occurrence of MNC; to provide a sufficient registered nurse/patient ratio and skill mix when staffing. They play an important role in anticipatory planning, and during infectious diseases outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin von Vogelsang
- Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina E Göransson
- Emergency and Reparative Medicine Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Falk
- Department for Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolin Nymark
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Abstract
How to cite this article: Kumar A. COVID-19: Epidemiology, Case Fatalities and the Adversaries within. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(6):603-605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Intensive Care, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Fortis Healthcare Ltd, Mohali, Punjab, India
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11
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Nymark P, Sachana M, Leite SB, Sund J, Krebs CE, Sullivan K, Edwards S, Viviani L, Willett C, Landesmann B, Wittwehr C. Systematic Organization of COVID-19 Data Supported by the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. Front Public Health 2021; 9:638605. [PMID: 34095051 PMCID: PMC8170012 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.638605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) provide structured frameworks for the systematic organization of research data and knowledge. The AOP framework follows a set of key principles that allow for broad application across diverse disciplines related to human health, including toxicology, pharmacology, virology and medical research. The COVID-19 pandemic engages a great number of scientists world-wide and data is increasing with exponential speed. Diligent data management strategies are employed but approaches for systematically organizing the data-derived information and knowledge are lacking. We believe AOPs can play an important role in improving interpretation and efficient application of scientific understanding of COVID-19. Here, we outline a newly initiated effort, the CIAO project (https://www.ciao-covid.net/), to streamline collaboration between scientists across the world toward development of AOPs for COVID-19, and describe the overarching aims of the effort, as well as the expected outcomes and research support that they will provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | - Jukka Sund
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Catharine E. Krebs
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephen Edwards
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Laura Viviani
- Humane Society International, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Bennett KE, Mullooly M, O'Loughlin M, Fitzgerald M, O'Donnell J, O'Connor L, Oza A, Cuddihy J. Underlying conditions and risk of hospitalisation, ICU admission and mortality among those with COVID-19 in Ireland: A national surveillance study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE 2021; 5:100097. [PMID: 33880459 PMCID: PMC8049357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To date, over 2 million people worldwide have died with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To describe the experience in Ireland, this study examined associations between underlying conditions and the following outcomes: mortality, admission to hospital or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) among those infected with COVID-19. Methods This study used data from the Health Protection Surveillance Centre in Ireland and included confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the first wave of the pandemic between March and July 2020. Two cohorts were included: all cases (community and hospital) and hospital admissions only. For all cases, health outcome data included mortality and hospitalisation. For hospitalised cases, outcome data included mortality and ICU admission. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between underlying conditions and outcomes across both cohorts. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Findings There were 19,789 cases included in analysis, which encompassed 1,476 (7.5%) deaths, 2,811 (14.2%) hospitalisations, and 438 (2.2%) ICU admissions of whom 90 (20.5%) died. Significantly higher risk of mortality, hospitalisation and ICU admission was associated with having chronic heart disease, a BMI ≥40kg/m2 and male sex. Additionally, diagnosis of a chronic neurological condition (OR 1.41; 95%CI:1.17, 1.69), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.74; 95%CI:1.35, 2.24) and cancer (OR 2.77; 95%CI:2.21, 3.47) were significantly associated with higher risk of mortality among all cases, with similar patterns of association observed for mortality among hospitalised cases. Interpretation The identification of underlying conditions among COVID-19 cases may help identify those at highest risk of the worst health outcomes and inform preventive strategies to improve outcomes. Funding This study was supported by the Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre. KEB and MM are funded by the Health Research Board (RL-15-1579 and EIA-2019-012 respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Bennett
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve Mullooly
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark O'Loughlin
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Fitzgerald
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan O'Donnell
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lois O'Connor
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ajay Oza
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Cuddihy
- Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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