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Langdon PE, Murphy GH, Hastings RP. A special issue and editorial in memory of Professor William R Lindsay. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Partnership Trust Coventry UK
- Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust Worcester UK
| | | | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry UK
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Hammond S, Beail N. The relationship between cognitive variables and offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 33:779-792. [PMID: 32307817 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) have used cognitive variables as measures of treatment outcome. However, the relevance of cognitive variables to offending in people with intellectual disabilities is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A systematic search identified studies comparing offenders and non-offenders with intellectual disabilities on an aspect of cognition. Seven cognitive variables were found and compared across 15 studies. These were appraised for their quality using an adapted quality appraisal checklist. The reliability and validity of cognitive measures were also considered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Other than for cognitive distortions, the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities is currently limited due to methodological weaknesses and the small number of studies assessing each variable. Clinicians are advised to focus on cognitive distortions until better evidence is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hammond
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nigel Beail
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK
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Browne C, Brown G, Smith IC. Adapting dialectical behaviour therapy in forensic learning disability services: A grounded theory informed study of "what works". JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 32:792-805. [PMID: 30687987 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) in forensic settings; however, little is known about "what works" facilitating engagement and change. METHODS Eleven interviews were conducted with nine service users across two secure inpatient services. Grounded theory was used to develop a model of perceived engagement and change. RESULTS The model provides insights into how change occurs during DBT delivered in forensic settings. DBT constitutes a challenging journey, yet provides the motivation and means to address individual's intra-/interpersonal aggression and progress towards release. Participants experienced engaging with DBT as difficult and coercive, moving from compliance and avoidance to acceptance and change. Key factors included participants' motivation, beliefs about safety and ability to change, and interactions with staff. CONCLUSION Recommendations are made for increasing intrinsic motivation, reducing perceived coercion and distress, and for future research to address potential aversive elements and enhance effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Browne
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gill Brown
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ian C Smith
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Ray I, Simpson AIF, Jones RM, Shatokhina K, Thakur A, Mulsant BH. Clinical, Demographic, and Criminal Behavior Characteristics of Patients With Intellectual Disabilities in a Canadian Forensic Program. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:760. [PMID: 31681051 PMCID: PMC6803491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) and forensic issues constitute a challenging clinical group that has been understudied in forensic settings. Methods: We assessed the characteristics of patients with ID under the authority of the Ontario Review Board (ORB) in a large forensic program of a tertiary psychiatric hospital (excluding those with a cognitive disorder) and compared their characteristics with those of a non-ID control group. Results: Among 510 adult ORB patients, 47 had an ID diagnosis. ID patients were of younger age at index offense, with a lower level of education, and were less likely to have been married or employed, more likely to have committed a sexual offense, more likely to have a diagnosis of paraphilia, less likely to be "not criminally responsible," and more likely to be "unfit to stand trial." They were also more likely to have committed their index offenses against care professionals and be treated in a secure unit. Conclusion: Our findings have major implications for clinicians, clinical leaders, and policymakers about the specific needs of patients with ID presenting with forensic issues and differing needs in terms of treatment and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Ray
- Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander I F Simpson
- Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roland M Jones
- Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anupam Thakur
- Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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