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Ma X, Kawakami A, Inui T. Impact of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Status in Japan: Evidence from a National Representative Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:842. [PMID: 39063419 PMCID: PMC11276854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Using the 2010-2019 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) conducted in Japan, we examined the impact of long working hours on mental health in Japan while addressing the endogeneity issue arising from non-random selection bias. We assessed the variations in the effects of long working hours on mental health across different groups. The results show that first, individuals working longer hours (55 h or more per week) exhibited a higher likelihood of developing mental illness than those working regular hours or fewer hours. Second, the negative effect of long working hours on mental health is more pronounced among non-regular workers than among regular workers. Third, the effect of long working hours on mental health varies among different demographic groups, with a greater impact observed among women, managers, non-regular workers, employees in small- or large-sized firms, and those in smaller cities compared to their counterparts. Thus, to enhance worker productivity, the Japanese government should address the issue of long working hours to improve employees' mental well-being. Initiatives aimed at promoting work-life balance, family-friendly policies, and measures to ameliorate working conditions are expected to help mitigate the challenges associated with long working hours and mental health issues, especially among non-regular workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ma
- Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, 4342 Machita-shi Aiharamachi, Tokyo 194-0298, Japan
| | - Atushi Kawakami
- Faculty of Economics, Toyo University, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan;
| | - Tomohiko Inui
- Faculty of International Social Sciences, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan;
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Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. Factors related to depression in adults with oral health problems in Spain (2017 to 2020). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1364119. [PMID: 38476497 PMCID: PMC10927730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1364119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The need to study the link between gender, depression, and oral health is becoming increasingly evident. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence and evolution over time of depression among women and men with oral health problems and to evaluate the association between depression status, lifestyle-related variables health-related variables and use of dental health services in those people. Methods We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study on 25,631 adults with oral health problems residing in Spain from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the European Health Survey of Spain 2020, including as the main variable self-reported diagnosis of depression. We analysed independent variables such as lifestyle-related variables, health-related variables, and variables related to dental health services. Sociodemographic characteristics were considered as control variables. Results The prevalence of depression among adults with oral health problems in Spain was 7.81% (10.14% for women, 5.39% for men), with a notable decrease from 2017 to 2020 in women. Depressed women had a slightly higher percentage of filled or capped teeth, and had more covers (crowns), bridges or other types of prostheses or dentures, while men had more caries. Women also made more frequent, regular dental visits for check-ups and mouth cleaning, whereas men often needed extractions. Unfavourable associated factors in both genders were: perceiving their health as good, average, poor, or very poor, and having 1-2 and ≥ 3 comorbidities. Conversely, not being a current smoker was related to less likelihood of depression. In women only, not engaging in leisure-time physical activity produced more unfavourable associated factors. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among adults with oral health problems in Spain from 2017 to 2020 was 7.81%, but this figure has been steadily decreasing over time. In addition, the favourable and unfavourable associated factors could help us inform health professionals and authorities in order to prevent depression and enhance the care of this population according to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Group GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Abu-Ras R, Itzhaki-Braun Y. The complex role of the community in the determination of well-being and hope among divorced Muslim women. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2927-2942. [PMID: 37014120 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on social capital theory, in the current study, we examined the contribution of background variables (education and living with/without parents), a personal resource (religiosity), and two communal resources (a sense of community, and both positive and negative societal conditional regard) to the well-being and hope of divorced women from the Muslim community in Israel. The study included 125 women between the ages of 20 and 60 (M = 36, SD = 9.10). A path analysis model indicated a sense of community as a protective factor that directly contributed to well-being and hope and also mediated positively between education and religiosity and between well-being and hope. However, societal conditional negative regard (SCNR) made a negative contribution to well-being and hope, both directly and indirectly via the sense of community. In the discussion, we highlight the conflict experienced by Muslim divorced women: between remaining part of the Muslim community and undergoing SCNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Abu-Ras
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Itzhaki-Braun
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Tutty LM, Lorraine Radtke H, Nixon KL. "He Tells People That I Am Going to Kill My Children": Post-Separation Coercive Control in Men Who Perpetrate IPV. Violence Against Women 2023:10778012231166408. [PMID: 37006166 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231166408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little research has examined men's use of coercive controlling tactics against female partners after separation. This mixed-methods secondary analysis of 346 Canadian women documented coercive controlling tactics used by their ex-partners (86.4% identified at least one). The composite abuse scale emotional abuse subscale and women being older were associated with men using coercive control tactics post-separation. A secondary qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of 34 women provided additional examples. Abusive partners used numerous strategies to coercively control their ex-partners by stalking/harassing them, using financial abuse and discrediting the women to various authorities. Considerations for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Tutty
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Lorraine Radtke
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kendra L Nixon
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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5
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Ma X. Impact of Long Working Hours on Mental Health: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1641. [PMID: 36674394 PMCID: PMC9866749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the impact of long working hours on mental health in China, they have not addressed the initial value and reverse causality issues. To bridge this gap in the literature, I conducted a dynamic longitudinal analysis to investigate the association between long working hours and the risk of mental illness nationwide. Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018, I adopted dynamic regression models with lagged long working hours variables to examine their association with the risk of mental illness. The results indicate that long working hours have positive and significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) associations with the risk of mental illness (OR: 1.12~1.22). The effect is more significant for women, white-collar workers, and employees in micro-firms, compared with their counterparts (i.e., men, pink- and blue-collar workers, employees of large firms, and self-employed individuals). The results provide empirical evidence of the effects of long working hours on mental health in China, confirming the need to enforce the regulations regarding standard working hours and monitor regulatory compliance by companies, as these factors are expected to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ma
- Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, 4342 Machita-shi Aiharamachi, Tokyo 194-0298, Japan
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6
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Lamela D, Figueiredo B. Determinants of personal growth and life satisfaction in divorced adults. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:213-224. [PMID: 35912565 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Divorce is a major life event that can trigger sudden changes in how adults perceive themselves and operate in their social environments. Some previous evidence has documented changes in personality in reaction to marital dissolution. However, little is known about the determinants of personality development in the post-divorce period. Guided by the positive personality development model in adulthood, this study examined sociodemographic characteristics, divorce-related variables and personality-related indicators as determinants of life satisfaction and personal growth in divorced adults. Participants included 460 divorced adults who completed self-reported measures regarding sociodemographic characteristics, divorce-related variables and personality development indicators. Results showed that autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, emotional self-regulation indicators and motivation for personality adjustment goals were associated with post-divorce life satisfaction. Personal growth was associated with purpose in life, self-expansion, psychological mindedness and motivation for personality growth goals. The sociodemographic characteristics and divorce-related variables differently predicted life satisfaction and personal growth. We discussed the implications of the positive personality development model in understanding post-divorce personality adjustment and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Lamela
- HEI-Lab-Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Figueiredo
- CIPsi-Centro Investigação em Psicologia, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Ciprić A, Hald GM, Strizzi JM, Lange T, Austin D, Sander S, Øverup CS. The future of divorce support: Is "digital" enough in presence of conflict? JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:1128-1146. [PMID: 35288952 PMCID: PMC9790432 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Divorce conflict is the main driver of adverse postdivorce health adjustments among divorcing families. Despite the growing potential of online divorce support programs, there is concern that such solutions might not be sufficient to impact health-related disparities among high-conflict divorcees. The present study examined the effectiveness of the digital "Cooperation after Divorce" intervention as a function of conflict among 1856 recently divorced Danish residents. Linear mixed-effect regression modeling suggested that, although higher levels of divorce conflict at judicial divorce predicted worse health outcomes up to 1 year following divorce, the effectiveness of the digital divorce intervention did not vary as a function of the initial level of divorce conflict. Individuals in the intervention group with higher conflict in divorce still reported worse health at 12 months follow-up than those with lower levels of divorce conflict; however, much lower than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ciprić
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jenna Marie Strizzi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - David Austin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Camilla Stine Øverup
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Martín-González M, Escorial S, Bolaños I, García-Moltó A. Desarrollo y Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Predicción de la Judicialización de las Relaciones Familiares (C-JUDIFA). ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2022a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Preetz R. Dissolution of Non-cohabiting Relationships and Changes in Life Satisfaction and Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:812831. [PMID: 35310224 PMCID: PMC8931474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how individuals’ life satisfaction and depression are affected by the dissolution of a steady non-cohabiting intimate relationship. Previous studies have focused more on the consequences of divorce and less on the influence of non-cohabiting relationships on the well-being of the individual. The data for this study were taken from pairfam, a large-scale German panel survey, and were used to estimate fixed-effects panel regression models and impact functions to identify the overall effect of dissolution and trajectories after separation. The study sample comprised 2,631 individuals who were observed over the course of 11,219 partnership years. Based on the results of this study, three main findings were reported. First, the dissolution of a non-cohabiting relationship led to a significant decline in mental health and life satisfaction. Second, the trajectories after dissolution suggest that the decline was only temporary, showing readjustment after 1 year. Third, gender differences were identified, suggesting worse consequences for men who experienced a significant decline in both dimensions and did not readjust in life satisfaction until several years after the dissolution. For women, decreases were only found for life satisfaction, but quick readjustments were observed.
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10
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Øverup CS, Cipric A, Strizzi JM, Sander S, Hald GM. Temporal Associations between Depression and Hostility in the Context of a Divorce Intervention. Psychol Rep 2022; 126:1339-1361. [PMID: 35084249 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Divorce interventions have been found effective in reducing negative outcomes for newly divorced people, including depression and hostility. Typically, divorce interventions cover a variety of issues that may influence people's level of depression and hostility. However, it is unclear whether the interventions differentially affect the outcomes. That is, it may be that intervention participation leads to a reduction in depression, which is associated with a prospective reduction in hostility - or vice versa. The current study used a sample of 1,856 recently divorced Danes, who completed questionnaires at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-divorce. Structural equation modeling revealed that while depression and hostility were concurrently associated, there were no prospective associations, except for baseline depression predicting 3-month hostility. Moreover, the associations did not differ by gender. The results suggest that the intervention content may have influenced both depression and hostility. These findings may be useful in guiding future divorce intervention developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Cipric
- Department of Public Health4321Kobenhavns Universitet
| | | | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health4321Kobenhavns Universitet
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11
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DeAnda JS, Langlais MR, Anderson ER. Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Mothers' Rejection from the Ex-Spouse on Time to Repartnering. JOURNAL OF DIVORCE & REMARRIAGE 2021; 62:597-619. [PMID: 35340280 PMCID: PMC8953229 DOI: 10.1080/10502556.2021.1993011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who feel rejected following relationship dissolution typically experience reductions in their health and wellbeing. Although feelings of rejection can be painful, the acquisition of a new romantic relationship can help to ease this pain. The goal of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of divorced residential mothers' rejection from the ex-spouse on their time to entering post-divorce romantic relationships. Results indicate that mothers' rejection from the ex-spouse is significantly associated with delays in repartnering. Results indicated two marginally significant indirect effects, providing some evidence that mothers' rejection from the ex-spouse and delayed repartnering is transmitted through decreases in mothers' depressive symptoms and increases in mothers' barriers to repartnering. These findings demonstrate the importance of promoting divorced mothers' self-perceptions following divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S DeAnda
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A2702, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78741
| | - Michael R Langlais
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Florida State University, 120 Convocation Way, Sandels Building 225, Mail Code 1491, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Edward R Anderson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A2702, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78741
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12
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DeAnda JS, Langlais MR, Anderson ER, Greene SM. Examining Children's Problem Behaviors and Mothers' Dating for Mothers' Depressive Symptoms Following Divorce. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:2165-2179. [PMID: 34675466 PMCID: PMC8525835 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although divorce is typically stressful for mothers, the formation of post-divorce dating relationships can help to ease this stress. Unfortunately, research has yet to empirically consider children's post-divorce adjustment for mothers' wellbeing leading up to and during mothers' post-divorce dating. This study addresses the following questions: 1) How do children's problem behaviors predict mothers' depressive symptoms following divorce? 2) How do children's problem behaviors predict the quality of mothers' dating relationships and the rapport between children and mothers' dating partners? 3) How do children's problem behaviors, the quality of mothers' dating relationships, child-dating partner rapport, and length of mothers' dating simultaneously impact mothers' depressive symptoms? Data for this study comes from a longitudinal investigation of recently divorced mothers and their children (N = 232). Hierarchical linear models revealed that mothers experienced more depressive symptoms when their children exhibited more internalizing behaviors. Children's internalizing behaviors were negatively associated with the quality of mothers' dating relationships. When examining these variables simultaneously, increases in children's internalizing behaviors and decreases in relationship quality predicted increases in mothers' depressive symptoms. Promoting family-level adjustment appears best for mothers' wellbeing following divorce. Other implications for post-divorce adjustment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S. DeAnda
- Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to J. S. DeAnda, University of Texas - Austin, Department of Human Ecology, 108 E. Dean Keaton Dr., Austin, TX, USA 78723. contact:
| | | | - Edward R. Anderson
- E. R. Anderson, and S. M. Greene, University of Texas – Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon M. Greene
- E. R. Anderson, and S. M. Greene, University of Texas – Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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13
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Bertogg A, Leist AK. Partnership and Cognitive Aging in Europe: Mediating Factors and Social Stratification. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1173-1185. [PMID: 33528561 PMCID: PMC8200356 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Living in a partnership has been shown to benefit later life health in general and decrease the risk of cognitive impairment. Few studies have, however, examined whether different types of partnership transitions also differ with respect to their impact on cognitive trajectories, and whether financial resources, healthy behaviors, cognitive stimulation, and social integration can explain these differences. Methods Data came from six waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, which is a representative panel for the population aged 50 years or older, and were collected between 2004 and 2017 in 20 European countries. Our sample includes 215,989 valid person-year observations from 78,984 persons. The mean age at baseline is 64 years, and individuals were observed on average 2.7 times. Cognitive functioning was assessed with measures of immediate and delayed recall on a memory test and verbal fluency. Fixed effects regression models were employed to exploit individual-level variation in partnership and simultaneous cognitive changes. Results Partnership status was stable in most respondents (around 90%). Compared to remaining partnered and after controlling for sociodemographic factors, transition to divorce was associated with a steeper decline in immediate and delayed recall. Exploring possible mechanisms, both financial resources and social integration, explained these differences. Additional analyses suggested that effects were mostly driven by individuals with lower education. Discussion Partnership transitions remain infrequent events in later life, but our findings indicate that they can induce less favorable cognitive trajectories compared to partnered individuals, particularly for those with lower cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bertogg
- Department of History and Sociology/Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anja K Leist
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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14
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Sander S, Strizzi JM, Øverup CS, Cipric A, Hald GM. When Love Hurts - Mental and Physical Health Among Recently Divorced Danes. Front Psychol 2020; 11:578083. [PMID: 33329227 PMCID: PMC7734469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades of research have consistently found strong associations between divorce and adverse health outcomes among adults. However, limitations of a majority of this research include (a) lack of “real-time” research, i.e., research employing data collected very shortly after juridical divorce where little or no separation periods have been effectuated, (b) research employing thoroughly validated and population-normed measures against which study results can be compared, and (c) research including a comprehensive array of previously researched sociodemographic- and divorce-related variables. The current cross-sectional study, including 1,856 recently divorced Danes, was designed to bridge these important gaps in the literature. Mental and physical health were measured using the Short Form 36 (SF-36)-2. Analyses included correlational analyses, t-test comparisons, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The study found that the health-related quality of life of Danish divorcees was significantly worse than the comparative background population immediately following divorce. Across gender, higher levels of divorce conflict were found to predict worse mental health, and worse physical health for women, even when controlling for other socio-demographic variables and divorce characteristics. Among men, lower age and higher income predicted better physical health, while more children, more previous divorces, participant divorce initiation, new partner status, and lower levels of divorce conflict predicted better mental health. Among women, higher income, fewer previous divorces, new partner status, and lower levels of divorce conflict predicted better physical health while higher income, participant divorce initiation, new partner status, and lower levels of divorce conflict predicted better mental health. The findings underscore the relevance of providing assistance to divorcees who experience higher levels of divorce conflict immediately following divorce, in seeking to reduce potential long-term negative health effects of divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla S Øverup
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Cipric
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Kjeld SG, Strizzi JM, Øverup CS, Cipric A, Sander S, Hald GM. Friend or foe? Postdivorce hostility among recently divorced individuals. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:523-534. [PMID: 32710485 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High levels of hostility often occur during and postdivorce and may significantly affect the quality of life, parent-child relationships, and social functioning of divorcees. Moreover, hostility may predict aggressive and violent behavior. This study sought to (a) compare average general hostility levels of a large sample of Danish divorcees to the norms of the general adult Danish population, (b) compare general hostility levels between male and female divorcees, and (c) investigate the explanatory value of various sociodemographic and divorce-related factors on postdivorce general hostility and whether these factors differ across gender. Cross-sectional baseline data (N = 1,856) from a larger randomized controlled trial study was used in this study. Normative data from a general sample of Danish adults (N = 2,040) was used for comparisons of hostility levels between our study sample and the Danish background population. This study found that male and female divorcees did not report significantly different hostility levels. However, participants reported significantly higher hostility levels postdivorce than the comparative Danish norm sample. Significant predictors of postdivorce hostility were lower age, lower educational level, infidelity as a reason for divorce, higher degree of postdivorce conflict, worse communication with the former spouse, the former spouse as the initiator of the divorce, and new partner status with neither divorcees having a new partner, or only the former spouse having a new partner. The predictive strength of the factors did not differ across gender. The findings may be especially relevant for interventions targeting problematic outcomes postdivorce (e.g., preventing aggressive behavior).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G. Kjeld
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Jenna M. Strizzi
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Camilla S. Øverup
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Ana Cipric
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Gert M. Hald
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
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16
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Hald GM, Ciprić A, Strizzi JM, Sander S. "Divorce burnout" among recently divorced individuals. Stress Health 2020; 36:457-468. [PMID: 32141221 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the concept of burnout has been applied to the workspace but recent research suggests its applicability to more general contexts such as the family sphere. The present study applies burnout to the divorce context and (a) proposes and statistically tests the Divorce Burnout Model (DBM), (b) investigates the contribution of sociodemographic variables and divorce characteristics to burnout scores, and (c) investigates the relationship between burnout scores and the number of sick days and days of absence from work. Using a cross-sectional design and a sample of 1,856 recently divorced Danish citizens, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the DBM´s good fit to data. Using this model, for men, it was found that fewer previous divorces, former spouse initiation of divorce, not having a new partner and a higher degree of conflict significantly predicted higher levels of divorce burnout. For women, lower income, former spouse divorce initiation, not having a new partner, and a higher level of conflict significantly predicted higher levels of divorce burnout. Across gender, burnout scores were found to significantly predict number of sick days and days of absence from work in the past 3 months over and above sociodemographic variables, divorce related characteristics, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Ciprić
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenna Marie Strizzi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hald GM, Ciprić A, Sander S, Strizzi JM. Anxiety, depression and associated factors among recently divorced individuals. J Ment Health 2020; 31:462-470. [PMID: 32338552 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1755022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: In divorce research, studies using large samples, very recently divorced individuals and validated measures of depression and anxiety with available background populations for comparison are missing.Aims: This study aimed to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety among recently divorced Danes and assess the explanatory power of relevant sociodemographic- and divorce-related variables on these symptoms.Methods: The study utilized an online cross-sectional design and a total of 1856 Danish citizens recruited through the Danish State Administration. Average scores for depression and anxiety were compared to the Danish background population and regression analyses were conducted to assess the explanatory power of sociodemographic- and divorce characteristics on symptoms of depression and anxiety.Results: Divorcees reported significantly higher levels of both depressive and anxiety symptoms than the background population with a large proportion of the sample scoring equal to or higher than generally recommended cut-off values for risk of suffering from a psychiatric diagnosable case of depression or anxiety. Both sociodemographic- and divorce characteristics were predictive of symptoms of depression and anxiety.Conclusion: The findings underline the relevance of public health intervention targeting symptoms of depression and anxiety among recently divorced individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Ciprić
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenna Marie Strizzi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ye M, DeMaris A, Longmore MA. Role of Marital Quality in Explaining Depressive Symptoms After Marital Termination Among Older Adults. MARRIAGE & FAMILY REVIEW 2017; 54:34-49. [PMID: 37234227 PMCID: PMC10211486 DOI: 10.1080/01494929.2017.1284703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses whether prior marital quality moderates the impact of divorce or widowhood on subsequent depression. Poor marital quality may buffer depression associated with divorce/widowhood; conversely, the effect of divorce/widowhood on depression could be exacerbated by previous marital quality. Three waves from the National Survey of Families and Households based on respondents, ages 50 and older, (N = 2,570) included eight marital quality measures. We find limited evidence suggesting higher marital quality elevates, while lower marital quality decreases, depression after divorce. No moderating effects were found for widowhood. Additionally, health condition is more important than current marital status for elders' well-being after divorce or widowhood. Heterogeneity in the context of the marriage before divorce should be considered when examining marital termination effects on elders' depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Ye
- Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Alfred DeMaris
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica A. Longmore
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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20
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Langlais MR, Anderson ER, Greene SM. Consequences of Dating for Post-Divorce Maternal Well-Being. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2016; 78:1032-1046. [PMID: 27746511 PMCID: PMC5061053 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Repartnering has been linked to health benefits for mothers, yet few studies have examined relationship quality in this context. According to the divorce-stress-adaptation perspective, relationship quality may influence the relationship between maternal well-being and dating after divorce. The current study examines the consequences of dating, relationship quality, and dating transitions (breaking up and dating new partners) on maternal well-being (negative affect and life satisfaction). Using monthly surveys completed by mothers over a two-year period after filing for divorce, we examined changes in intercepts and slopes of dating status and transitions for maternal well-being while also testing the effects of relationship quality. Mothers entering high-quality relationships were likely to report boosts in well-being at relationship initiation compared to single mothers and mothers entering low-quality relationships. Mothers entering lower-quality relationships were likely to report lower levels of well-being than single mothers. Dating transitions were associated with increases in well-being. Implications for maternal adjustment are discussed.
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