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Nazario-Acevedo JM, Yamashita T, Bulanda JR, Brown JS. Marital Quality and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Hispanic Adults in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae032. [PMID: 38459920 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the cultural importance of marriage as a social support system and its well-established link to mental health, older Hispanic adult populations, which are the largest racial and ethnic minoritized groups, remain understudied. The current study examined how positive and negative dimensions of marital quality are associated with depressive symptoms. METHODS Data from Hispanic adults aged 51 years and older (n = 1,012) were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Health and Retirement Study waves. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (0-8 symptoms) was modeled as a function of positive and negative marital quality measures (1-4), as well as the relevant covariates. RESULTS Results from a negative binomial regression model showed that a 1-unit change in positive and negative marital quality was associated with a 23.61% reduction and a 23.74% increase, respectively, in depressive symptoms. The interaction terms with marital quality and gender, as well as marital quality and religion, were not statistically significant. DISCUSSION In the United States, a large percentage of older Hispanic adults are immigrants, and their extended family tends to reside in their countries of origin. As such, older Hispanic adults may have smaller social networks, and marital quality most likely represents a culturally important social support network in later life. Significant associations between depressive symptoms and marital quality among older Hispanic adults should receive more attention in family and public health policy discussions, particularly given the increasing diversity in U.S. society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - J Scott Brown
- Department of Sociology & Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Thompson LDR, Thompson PA. Seven Steps to Financial Health. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:30. [PMID: 38635068 PMCID: PMC11026313 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Physicians and dentists have a very limited exposure to personal financial management and yet find themselves in the top 10% of earners in the United States of America. Education loans, practice expenses, and high standards of living obligate them to be good financial stewards to succeed financially. Anecdotal personal experience and review. The article establishes seven steps to implement as medical/dental students, interns, residents, or practicing doctors to move towards financial health and security. The steps include (1) saving enough; (2) good debt management; (3) being tax savvy; (4) obtaining the correct insurance; (5) making wise investments; (6) if choosing to marry, avoid divorce; and (7) keeping track with periodic progress assessment. Each of these steps contains several components that can aid and guide physicians and dentists in their financial arc of development over their professional career and into retirement, considering generational wealth transfer or charitable donation as ultimate goals. This brief guide is based on my own financial journey to achieve long-term financial independence: start early, use simple tax deferred investments without chasing trends while keeping fees down, live within your means, and adequately insure your income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester D R Thompson
- Head and Neck Pathology Consultations, 22543 Ventura Blvd, Ste 220 PMB1034, Woodland Hills, CA, 91364, USA.
| | - Pamela A Thompson
- Head and Neck Pathology Consultations, 22543 Ventura Blvd, Ste 220 PMB1034, Woodland Hills, CA, 91364, USA
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Quan S, Zhang H. The relationship between Marriage and Body Mass Index in China:Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 53:101368. [PMID: 38368723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of marriage on the body mass index (BMI) of individuals aged 18-45 in China. We used data from ten rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey spanning from 1989 to 2015, and applied Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to examine the impact of marriage on BMI. Our findings reveal that marriage has a significant positive effect on BMI, especially among males, with post-marriage elevation of male BMI continuing to increase over time. Moreover, marriage is associated with a 5.2% increase in the prevalence of overweight and a 2.5% rise in the incidence of obesity among males. While energy intake levels for Chinese women did not undergo significant changes after marriage, nor did their energy expenditure levels, men experienced a marked alteration in energy balance, characterized by an increase in caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. Furthermore, our study confirms significant period differences in the effect of marriage on BMI, with post-marriage elevation of male BMI continuing to rise over time. In contrast, there was no clear trend for female BMI after marriage. Our research highlights the importance of promoting physical fitness and health management within families while fostering intimate relationships through marriage. Public health policies should consider the potential impact of marriage as an intervention window for addressing individuals' weight management needs. Distinct post-marriage body management plans should be designed for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Quan
- Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, PR China; Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, PR China.
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, PR China
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Axinn WG, Banchoff E, Ghimire DJ, Scott KM. Parental depression and their children's marriage timing: The long-term consequences of parental mental disorders. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116745. [PMID: 38460272 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Although decades of research documents powerful associations between parents' characteristics and their children's marital behaviors, the role of parental mental health has largely been ignored, despite the high prevalence of mental disorders and their strong potential to shape multiple dimensions of family life. Many studies examine other consequences of mothers' mental disorders, particularly for young children, but rarely do studies investigate the consequences of fathers' mental disorders, especially the potential for long-term consequences. We construct a theoretical framework for the study of intergenerational influences on family formation behaviors, integrating parental mental health, and emphasizing the potential for father's disorders to shape their children's lives. To investigate these associations, we use new intergenerational panel data featuring clinically validated diagnostic measures of parental mental health for both mothers and fathers, assessed independently. Results demonstrate that fathers' major depressive disorder is associated with significantly earlier marriage timing among sons. These important new findings provide insights into key priorities for social research on family formation processes and intergenerational influences across many domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Axinn
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
| | - Emma Banchoff
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Dirgha J Ghimire
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Kate M Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 362 Leith St, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Hanes DW, Clouston SAP. Cognitive Decline After Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss? Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae033. [PMID: 38660118 PMCID: PMC11037272 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults' cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some. Research Design and Methods Using data from the 1998-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used trajectory analysis to create clusters of participants with similar cognitive trajectories and tested the association between participants' cluster membership and marital loss type. Second, we used multilevel modeling to analyze the relationship between participants' cognitive scores while married and following divorce or widowhood and linked these to marital features. Results Participants who divorced showed no difference in trajectory distribution; widowed participants were more likely to be in the lower-performing and more quickly declining groups. Participants had lower rates of decline following divorce (β = .136, p < .001), while widowed participants had accelerated decline following spousal death (β = -0.183, p < .001) and an immediate decline following spousal death (β = -0.113, p = .028). Discussion and Implications We found that the type of marital loss was important, and predicted improvements in cognition for some and decrements for others, with individuals who were divorced performing best while those who were widowed or separated but not divorced performing worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas William Hanes
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Kim HE, Eom H, Jo HJ, Kim MK, Kim J, Kim JJ. Neural substrates of marriage on self-parents processing and the association with a parents-oriented perspective shift in a collectivistic culture. Biol Psychol 2024; 187:108768. [PMID: 38432426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Relationship with parents is a special bond that shapes self-other representations and have an impact on adult-child's marriage, especially in the early stages of marriage. This study sought to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying self-parents processing as well as their relationship with marriage. Seventy-eight premarital Korean participants were scanned in functional MRI while evaluating traits of the self and parents. Then, 21 of them returned after being married to engage in the identical task three years later. The precuneus and temporoparietal junction were identified to activate stronger for parents than self at both marital statuses. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, parietal operculum, and caudate activated more for self than parents before marriage, but their activities changed during marriage. The activation increase of the parietal operculum between marital statuses in the parents condition was negatively correlated with the level of marital dissatisfaction, and this association only appeared among participants with a child. Self-parents processing may recruit brain regions involved in autobiographical memory and self-other distinction, and marriage has an impact on the way individuals process rewards and multimodal sensory information during this processing. Marriage may lead to changes in brain function that affect the processing of emotions toward parents and a more parents-oriented perspective shift in collectivistic societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Eom
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Jo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Olamijuwon E. The link between intimate partner violence and spousal resource inequality in lower- and middle-income countries. Soc Sci Med 2024; 345:116688. [PMID: 38394945 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an increasing need to understand how differential levels of resource inequality between spouses are associated with women's experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in lower- and middle-income countries across four regions. This study aims to focus on four areas of relative power and resources between couples in a partnership: employment, job skills, earnings, and household making-decision across four lower- and middle-income regions. METHOD Data on 150,623 women was drawn from the most recent, harmonized Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for 24 countries in West-Central Africa (WCA), East-Southern Africa (ESA), Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and South Asia (SA). Leveraging an event history framework, we fitted mixture cure models to illuminate both the likelihood of never experiencing IPV and the onset of IPV among women in their first union across the four regions. RESULTS We found that women who are not in the labor market are less likely to experience violence compared to those who are in all places except MENA. Among couples in which both partners are in the labor market, women with lower job skills than their partner are less likely to experience violence. Inequality in earnings is associated with the onset of intimate partner violence in ESA and SA. Similarly, inequality in household decision-making is associated with the onset of the first spousal violence but only in ESA, MENA, and SA. CONCLUSION This study found vast heterogeneity in the different measures of spousal resource inequality and women's experience of IPV across LMIC settings. This underscores the imperative for interventions focused on enhancing women's economic outcomes to consider and confront the contextual norms associated with women's economic empowerment, in order to mitigate unintended adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Liu
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Olamijuwon
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, UK
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Pouradeli S, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on marriage, divorce, birth, and death in Kerman province, the ninth most populous province of Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3980. [PMID: 38368489 PMCID: PMC10874447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marriage, divorce, birth, and death rates using the Poisson regression model and an interrupted time-series Poisson regression model. Before the pandemic, marriage and birth rates were decreasing, while divorce and death rates were increasing, with only the trend in birth rates being statistically significant. The immediate effect of the pandemic was a significant decrease in the divorce rate, but there were non-significant effects on birth and marriage rates. However, in the months following the onset of the pandemic, there was a statistically significant sustained effect on increasing death and divorce rates. Forecasts based on pre-pandemic data showed that by the end of 2020, marriage, divorce, death, and birth rates were higher compared to pre-pandemic levels. In conclusion, the pandemic has greatly impacted society, particularly in terms of death and divorce rates. Birth rates were not immediately affected to the time lag between decisions and actual births. Fear of COVID-19 may have increased death rates as people avoided seeking medical help. Vaccination and effective treatment strategies are vital in reducing the pandemic's impact on mortality. Supporting families financially is important due to the role of economic issues in couples' decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pouradeli
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadinia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Mousavi ZS, Janighorban M, Noroozi M. Development, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve the sexual competence of young adult women about to get married: a protocol study. Reprod Health 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38365733 PMCID: PMC10874025 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having competence in initiating sexual interactions is one of the challenges of sexual health in any society. Given that the social, cultural, and religious background of some societies can prevent the acquisition of sexual competence in young women, this study will be done to design, implement, and determine the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve the sexual competence of young women on the eve of marriage. METHODS The current research is a mixed-method study in a qualitative-quantitative sequence. In the first phase, a qualitative study will be conducted to explore the needs of sexual competence in young adult women about to get married and ways to improve it. Then, after the literature review and combining it with the results of the qualitative study, a draft of the intervention program will be developed. After reviewing the content of the program and validating it in the panel of experts, the final program will be developed. In the second phase, the effect of the program to promote the sexual competence of adult women about to get married will be determined in a quantitative study with a two-group quasi-experimental method. DISCUSSION Providing a comprehensive and practical intervention program to promote sexual competence based on cultural, social, and religious background can help to improve the quality of sexual interactions of young women about to get married, reduce harm caused by lack of sexual competence, and ensure women's sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Mousavi
- Sexual and Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Janighorban
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Noroozi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ratcliffe J, Galdas P, Kanaan M. Older men and loneliness: a cross-sectional study of sex differences in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:354. [PMID: 38308255 PMCID: PMC10835981 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into men and masculinities suggests men may be more reluctant than women to state they are lonely, more reliant on partners/spouses and/or alcohol to tackle it, and that this may be a result of poorer social relationships. Ageing is often associated with loneliness, and research has indicated gendered results in older people, but existing evidence lacks generalisability and cultural context. This study tests hypotheses on sex differences in loneliness in older England-based men and women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 6936 respondents aged 50 + from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (wave 8). Multiple imputation with chained equations was conducted to handle missing data. Multivariate regression was used to investigate the impact of sex on a direct question on loneliness whilst controlling for the University of California loneliness (UCLA) scale. Multivariate regression with interaction terms were used to examine sex differences in loneliness and alcohol consumption, partner status, and social relationships. RESULTS Older men were less likely than older women to state they are lonely even when controlling for UCLA score. Older men showed a greater association between loneliness and alcohol consumption, but only when measuring the number of units consumed in the last week, and not using a less precise measure of the past year. Older men who cohabited with a partner were less lonely than cohabiting older women, whereas previously married but not cohabiting older men were lonelier than their female counterparts. However, never married older men were less lonely than never married older women. Evidence was found to suggests older men's worse friendships mediated this association, but social isolation and number of close relationships did not. Severe isolation predicted greater loneliness in older women, but not older men. CONCLUSIONS Cultural ideals of masculinity and older men's poorer quality friendships may explain their reluctance to directly state loneliness, greater dependency on partners/spouses, and use of alcohol. Severely isolated older men may under-report loneliness on the UCLA scale as well as a direct question.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ratcliffe
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- Sheffield Hallam University, College of Health, Wellbeing, and Life Sciences, Robert Winston Building, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Paul Galdas
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mona Kanaan
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Tykarski S, Mróz F. The Pilgrimage on the Camino de Santiago and Its Impacts on Marital and Familial Relationships: An Exploratory Study. J Relig Health 2024; 63:109-132. [PMID: 37126119 PMCID: PMC10150338 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among people walking the pilgrimage route to the shrine of St James in Santiago de Compostela. The aim of the research was to investigate how a pilgrimage on the Camino de Santiago among a married couple or family affects marital or familial relationships, whether walking the trail to Compostela together influences the behaviour of family members towards each other and whether it forms positive attitudes and behaviour. The empirical basis of the study is the results of a survey among respondents who made the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage, as well as in-depth interviews conducted with 24 spouses of pilgrims along the Way of St James. The study revealed that doing the pilgrimage as a married couple or family had a positive impact on intra-family relationships. According to the interviewees, going on the pilgrimage together helped to strengthen marital bonds and trust, improve communication and mutual connection, show care and affection and improve contact with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Tykarski
- Faculty of Theology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 37, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Franciszek Mróz
- Department of Tourism and Regional Studies, Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University of Krakow, ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland.
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Skandro S, Abio A, Baernighausen T, Lowery Wilson M. Socio-demographic determinants of intimate partner violence in Angola: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative survey data. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:21-33. [PMID: 37816985 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global problem of public health importance, which can be found across all social layers and cultural backgrounds worldwide. Angola is still an under-explored country in the context of domestic violence and was therefore chosen as our focus of interest. Our study's goal was to identify the socio-demographic determinants of IPV in Angola. We used nationally representative data from female respondents of the 2015 Angolan Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Simple bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the experience of IPV and the women's' individual and contextual characteristics. Out of the 7,699 respondents, 3,070 (41.1%) reported having experienced at least one form of violence by their partners, with physical violence being more prevalent (32.5%) than emotional (27.7%) and sexual violence (7.2%). The partner's use of alcohol, the respondent's tendency to hurt her partner, her having witnessed her father beating her mother and being the first wife showed significantly higher odds of experiencing one or more types of IPV, whereas being older than the partner appears to have protective effects. Our findings reflect the widespread prevalence rates of violence against women in African countries. Future intervention programs should focus on women with risky background characteristics to help decrease domestic abuse in Angola. Our results indicate to focus on young women who have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, those whose partners use alcohol and those who tend to physically hurt their partners themselves. It is also recommended to intensify future research on the effects of co-wives on a relationship since first wives were found to have a higher risk of being physically abused by their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Skandro
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Abio
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Till Baernighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lowery Wilson
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chen J, Lui ID, Hsu YC, Yip PSF. Patterns in suicide by marital status in Hong Kong, 2002-2020: Is marriage still a protective factor against suicide? J Affect Disord 2024; 346:31-39. [PMID: 37866734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marriage has long been considered protective against suicide, but shifting social norms since 2000 in Hong Kong raise doubts regarding whether this is still the case. The aim of the study was to investigate the changing association between suicide and marital status. METHODS Official suicide data for 2002-2020 in Hong Kong were obtained. Suicide rates and suicide risk ratios were calculated by gender, age group, and marital status (married, never-married, widowed, divorced/separated). RESULTS Suicide risk decreased significantly over time for men and women of all ages. People who were never-married, divorced/separated, had significantly higher suicide risks than their married counterparts. Increasing suicide risks over time were observed for never-married men aged 20-49 years, never-married women aged 35-49 years, and divorced/separated men aged 20-34 years. Widowed men and women of any age had higher suicide risks compared with previous studies in Hong Kong. LIMITATIONS Marital status is a time-varying covariate, and the time spent in a given marital status could affect suicide risk. Some age and gender subgroups had much smaller sample sizes than others, thus it is possible that our suicide risk estimates were overestimated. CONCLUSIONS Despite rapidly social changing in Hong Kong during the study period, marriage remains a strong protective factor against suicide for men and women. The protective effect is particularly evident for younger people. Increasing suicide rates for divorced/separated, never-married, or widowed people suggest that they require more psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Chen
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ingrid D Lui
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Cheng Hsu
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul S F Yip
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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14
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Birditt KS, Turkelson A, Polenick CA, Cranford JA, Smith JA, Ware EB, Blow FC. Alcohol Use and Mortality Among Older Couples in the United States: Evidence of Individual and Partner Effects. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad101. [PMID: 37487060 PMCID: PMC10825846 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spouses with concordant (i.e., similar) drinking behaviors often report better quality marriages and are married longer compared with those who report discordant drinking behaviors. Less is known regarding whether concordant or discordant patterns have implications for health, as couples grow older. The present study examined whether drinking patterns among older couples are associated with mortality over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative sample of individuals and their partners (married/cohabiting) over age 50 in the United States, in which participants completed surveys every 2 years. Participants included 4,656 married/cohabiting different-sex couples (9,312 individuals) who completed at least 3 waves of the HRS from 1996 to 2016. Participants reported whether they drank alcohol at all in the last 3 months, and if so, the average amount they drank per week. Mortality data were from 2016. RESULTS Analyses revealed concordant drinking spouses (both indicated they drank in the last 3 months) survived longer than discordant drinking spouses (1 partner drinks and the other does not) and concordant nondrinking spouses. Analysis of average drinks per week showed a quadratic association with mortality such that light drinking predicted better survival rates among individuals and their partners compared with abstaining and heavy drinking. Further, similar levels of drinking in terms of the amount of drinking were associated with greater survival, particularly among wives. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study moves the field forward by showing that survival varies as a function of one's own and one's partner's drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela Turkelson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - James A Cranford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Frederic C Blow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Levenson RW. Two's company: Biobehavioral research with dyads. Biol Psychol 2024; 185:108719. [PMID: 37939868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of paradigms for studying dyadic interaction in the laboratory and methods and analytics for dealing with dyadic data is described. These are illustrated with research findings from the author and others with particular focus on dyadic measures of linkage or synchrony in physiology, expressive behavior, and subjective affective experience.
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16
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KavehFarsani Z, Worthington EL. Direct Effects of Marital Empathy, Body Image, and Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life of Married Women with Breast Cancer and the Mediating Role of Perceived Marital Quality. Iran J Psychiatry 2024; 19:70-78. [PMID: 38420277 PMCID: PMC10896763 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v19i1.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence has increased recently. Diagnosing cancer can create many challenges, especially for married women. The aim of the present study was thus to evaluate the effect of the relationships among marital empathy, body image, and perceived social support on quality of life (QoL) and the mediating role of perceived marital quality. Method : Married women with breast cancer (N = 160) were selected through purposive accessible sampling. Measures included body image scale, Batson empathy adjectives, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, perceived marital quality, and QoL. The research method was descriptive-correlational and using structural equation modeling. Results: The best model obtained showed that all predictors directly predicted QoL: marital empathy, body image, and perceived social support (P < 0.001). Predictors (except for perceived social support by family, friends, and others) also worked indirectly through perceived marital quality to predict QoL (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Several variables predicted QoL for women with breast cancer, including body image and marital empathy. Most of such variables had both a direct effect and an indirect effect, working through perceived marital quality to affect QoL. Social support, however, had only a direct effect on QoL.
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17
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Stephenson M, Prom-Wormley E, Lannoy S, Edwards AC. The temporal relationship between marriage and risk for suicidal ideation. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:129-135. [PMID: 37802325 PMCID: PMC10594900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marriage is consistently identified as a protective factor for suicidality, but it remains unclear whether this relationship varies by time elapsed since the transition to marriage. METHODS Participants were 15,870 individuals (52 % female, mean age = 44.63 years, age range = 18-99 years) from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the relationship between marriage, as well as time elapsed since the transition to marriage (0-5 years, 6-10 years, or 11+ years), and suicidal ideation. Years of education and race and ethnicity were included as covariates, and analyses were stratified by sex. Separate hazard ratios were estimated for individuals aged <30 years and 30+ years to address violations of the proportionality assumption. RESULTS Being married was associated with lower risk for suicidal ideation across age and sex. Among individuals aged <30 years, marriage was reliably associated with lower risk for suicidal ideation, regardless of the time elapsed since marriage. For individuals aged 30+ years, being married for 0-5 years or 6-10 years was associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation, particularly in females. Being married for 11+ years was associated with decreased risk across sex. LIMITATIONS Analyses focused on participants' first marriage and did not examine mediators of the association between marriage and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, being married protects against suicidal ideation. However, among individuals aged 30 years or older, the first 10 years of marriage are associated with elevated risk for suicidal thoughts, and clinical outreach may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America.
| | | | - Séverine Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America
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18
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Dunning DE, Stenhouse B. Bringing the history of mathematics home: Entangled practices of domesticity, gender, and mathematical work. Endeavour 2023; 47:100902. [PMID: 38071174 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Although much scholarship on nineteenth and twentieth century mathematics has focused on processes of professionalization, historical mathematicians themselves rarely experienced their lives as neatly divisible into the professional and the private. Taking marriage as a focal point, this introduction brings the fruitful historiography of gender, collaborative couples, and domesticity in science into a broader conversation with the history of mathematics. By historicizing marriage and its relationship to mathematical careers, we lay the groundwork for the special issue which uncovers the myriad ways in which spousal collaboration and support have been central to mathematical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Dunning
- Integrated Studies Program and Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brigitte Stenhouse
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
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19
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Lyngdoh LAM, Antony S, Basavarajappa C, Kalyanasundaram JR, Ammapattian T. Marriage in persons with severe mental illness: A narrative review-based framework for a supported relationship. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3033-3041. [PMID: 38361907 PMCID: PMC10866282 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_797_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in the past have shown the effect of mental illness on marriage in persons with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Primary care and family physicians have a major role in addressing marriage-associated dilemmas in their life. Methods The literature search was conducted from databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar for understanding the context and the problem in-depth for bringing out the narrative-review based framework for addressing the dilemmas. Results Marriage rates in persons with SMI are high in Eastern countries. Marriage in persons with SMI enhances social support and prevents the stigma of being unmarried. Disability, unemployment, stigma, and disclosure-related issues are barriers to getting desirable alliances. Evidence based interventions are available to reduce the associated distress to an extent. Conclusion Published peer-reviewed literature has pointed out that marriage plays a significant role in the life of persons with SMI and their families, especially in Asian countries where marriage is an important social institution. It can have a positive impact or can lead to relapse, marital conflicts, and divorce based on contextual and clinical factors. Hence, there is a need to come up with tailor-made interventions to address marriage-related expectations in persons with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A. M. Lyngdoh
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sojan Antony
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethan Basavarajappa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Janaki Raman Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Thirumoorthy Ammapattian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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20
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Mildenberger FG. [The Catholic world and urology in the 20th/21st century]. Urologie 2023; 62:1315-1321. [PMID: 37672048 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The Catholic world is shaped by papal directives and their interpretation over time by appointed theologians. There are strict prohibitions on key questions about life and death, but in the context of the practical application of medical treatment techniques, the Vatican often remains vague. This may allow Catholic urologists to use a range of therapies that at first glance appear problematic. Furthermore, if physicians use a different form of expression than that stated in the doctrine of the faith, there is more space for medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Mildenberger
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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21
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Nickerson SM. Marrying the radical, the conventional, and the mystical: Mathematics, gender and religion in the lives of William Kingdon and Lucy Lane Clifford. Endeavour 2023; 47:100901. [PMID: 38092581 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The avowed atheist, evolutionary naturalist and mathematician William Kingdon Clifford is often remembered for his essay, "The Ethics of Belief," in which he opposed organized religion in any form. As a mathematician, Clifford was an early advocate of non-Euclidean geometry in England. Combining William Rowan Hamilton's work on quaternions with Hermann Grassmann's theory of linear extension, he invented an original system of geometric algebra. Breaking with conservative traditionalism in his philosophical and mathematical work, Clifford's marriage to the children's writer, novelist, and dramatist Lucy Lane was a relatively conventional, if brief, Victorian marriage. After his untimely death from consumption in 1879, Lucy outlived her husband by fifty years. Raising their two daughters and supporting herself after his passing, Lucy refashioned Clifford's posthumous reputation to temper his philosophical radicalism. Her collaboration with Clifford's publisher and editor reveal Lucy's concern that Clifford not be remembered as someone ruled by passion in his mathematical work. Her efforts to expunge writings suggestive of William's weakness, excitability, or inconstancy from the public record demonstrates her desire to craft an image of her husband in alignment with gendered expectations of masculinity. This paper argues that Lucy fashioning of William's memory conformed, rather than departed from, normative parameters of gender as defined by Victorian society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M Nickerson
- Institute for the History & Philosophy of Science & Technology, Victoria College, University of Toronto, 91 Charles Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1K7, Canada
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22
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Du S. (Un)Health from parental intervention: Does the marriage formation pathway influence married people's health? Soc Sci Med 2023; 336:116250. [PMID: 37776782 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between marriage and its health consequences has been well documented. Yet, little is known about whether health disparities still exist among married people due to different marriage formation pathways. Using data from a special module of the Chinese General Social Survey, this study examines the health effects of parental intervention in children's marriage formation. Results show that parental intervention in marriage formation is negatively associated with married people's self-rated health, but the association disappears after the selection effect is controlled for. These results suggest that the selection effect largely explains the association between parent-intervened marriage and its negative health outcomes among married people. That is to say, people with poorer health are more likely to rely on their parents for marriage formation. The findings are found in both husbands and wives and hold robust in multiple robustness tests. This study extends marriage-health research from the comparison between married and single people to the comparison within the married group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Du
- Department of Sociology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Mowbray B. The Barren Bear Fruit: Good News for Sterile Couples. Linacre Q 2023; 90:362-374. [PMID: 37974569 PMCID: PMC10638962 DOI: 10.1177/00243639221131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that between 2.1 percent and 8.3 percent of Catholic couples remain biologically childless after exhausting all morally upright approaches for assisting reproduction. This represents a significant group within the Church earnestly seeking to live a fruitful married life in the absence of conceiving children. This essay seeks to provide a theologically and pastorally enriching exploration of marital fruitfulness for sterile Catholic couples in two ways: first, by demonstrating how the meanings of human fruitfulness and sterility have been definitively transformed by Christ and second, by exploring some of the ways sterile Christian marriages are abundantly fruitful. The insights of twentieth-century theologian, Hans Urs von Balthasar are drawn upon and shaped for this purpose. The essay concludes by highlighting ways that sterile Christian couples can be supported to come to a better understanding of the abundant fruitfulness of their marriage.
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24
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Newmyer L, Lowrey KL, Levchenko Y. Unplanned Costs and Benefits: Gender and Spousal Spillover Effects of Retirement on Health. J Marriage Fam 2023; 85:1110-1124. [PMID: 38250186 PMCID: PMC10798816 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective Our study assesses how women and men's health indicators are shaped by their spouse's retirement. Background The retirement process can reshape the health of a retiree, but these effects can also extend onto the health of spouses. Although past research has largely focused on how men's retirement might negatively shape their wife's health outcomes, it is possible that wives' retirement has detrimental effects on their husband's health as well. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of spousal retirement on indicators of physical and mental health in married older adults. Results Our results suggested that men, not women, experience the most negative spousal spillover effects of retirement on their health outcomes. We found the most support for spillover effects on spouses' physical health outcomes. Additionally, men who are not working when their spouse retires experienced the most negative health effects. Conclusion Women and men's health is differentially affected by spousal retirement, where men might be the most negatively affected by their spouses' transition in the U.S. context. These results contradict conventional wisdom that undergirds numerous untested assumptions underlying prior research on this significant life transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Newmyer
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University
| | - Kendal L. Lowrey
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Yuliana Levchenko
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
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25
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Cyr Brisini KS, Tian X, Solomon D. Marital Experiences and Parental "Highs" and "Lows" When A Child with Autism Starts School. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3932-3942. [PMID: 35932365 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study describes parents' daily "highs" and "lows" during their child's transition to school for the first time and examines how those experiences relate to turbulence in the parents' relationship. 106 parents (53 couples) rated their relationship qualities at pre-test and post-test and described "high" and "low" points of their day every three days for 42 days. Content analysis revealed experiences contributing to "high" or "low" points that were primarily related to: the child with ASD, the spouse, other children, personal situations, and other. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles that represented the relationship experiences of couples in the study: resilient couples, couples getting by, and asymmetrically engaged couples. Results highlight the variety of daily experiences these parents encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie St Cyr Brisini
- Department of Communication Studies, Louisiana State University, 136 Coates Hall, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 234 Sparks Building University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA
| | - Denise Solomon
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 234 Sparks Building University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA
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26
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Connor D, Hunter L, Jang J, Uhl J. Family, Community, and the Rural Social Mobility Advantage. Res Soc Stratif Mobil 2023; 87:100844. [PMID: 38304057 PMCID: PMC10829533 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Children born into poverty in rural America achieve higher average income levels as adults than their urban peers. As economic opportunity tends to be more abundant in cities, this "rural advantage" in income mobility seems paradoxical. This article resolves this puzzle by applying multilevel analysis to new spatial measures of rurality and place-level data on intergenerational income mobility. We show that the high level of rural income mobility is principally driven by boys of rural-origin, who are more likely than their urban peers to grow up in communities with a predominance of two-parent households. The rural advantage is most pronounced among Whites and Hispanics, as well as those who were raised in the middle of the country. However, these dynamics are more nuanced for girls. In fact, girls from lower-income rural households exhibit a disadvantage in their personal income attainment, partly due to the persistence of traditional gender norms. These findings underscore the importance of communities with strong household and community supports in facilitating later-life income mobility, particularly for boys. They also challenge the emerging consensus that attributes the rural income mobility advantage to migration from poorer rural areas to wealthier towns and cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Connor
- Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Lattie F. Coor Hall, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Lori Hunter
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Sociology & Institute of Behavioral Science, Campus Box 483, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Lattie F. Coor Hall, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Johannes Uhl
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Behavioral Science, Campus Box 483, Boulder, CO 80309
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27
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Gibson MA, Gurmu E, Chua R, Van Bavel H, Myers S. Abandoning female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC) is an emerging but costly parental investment strategy in rural Ethiopia. Soc Sci Med 2023; 335:116170. [PMID: 37757578 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGMC) has profound consequences for an estimated 200 million women world-wide, yet affected communities often resist efforts to end the practice. Marriage market dynamics have been proposed as key to this resistance, because where FGMC is normative, parents are motivated to cut their daughters to improve their marriage prospects. Some economists have also argued that financial gain, through bride wealth payments, incentivises parents to cut daughter's at time of marriage. Bride wealth, however, does not necessarily equal net economic return, confounding efforts to test this assumption. Here we use detailed data on the financial value of all exchanges at marriage from Ethiopian Arsi Oromo agropastoralists to assess their association with FGMC. We also explore the idea that parents must replace FGMC with other forms of investment (e.g., education) when cutting practices are rejected. Multivariate multilevel Bayesian models were run using data from the first marriages of 358 women to assess the association between FGMC status and education and marriage-related outcomes: bride wealth payments, dowry costs, and age at marriage. Being cut is associated with lower dowry costs and earlier age at marriage but does not predict bride wealth paid by the groom's family. School attendance is associated with higher bride wealth, particularly for women with four or more years of education, and with later age at marriage. These findings indicate that bride wealth payments do not maintain FGMC among the Arsi Oromo. While we find a relative economic loss for parents from FGMC abandonment through higher value dowry gifts, this may be traded-off against the health benefits to uncut daughters. These findings point to the emergence of new norms, whereby Arsi Oromo parents reject cutting for their daughters and prefer their daughters-in-law to be educated.
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28
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García MJ, Brooks CV, Ambriz D, Ekl EA, Smith NC, Maupomé G, Perry BL. Pandemic Precarity: COVID-19's Impact on Mexican and Central American Immigrant Families. J Marriage Fam 2023; 85:1028-1046. [PMID: 38107207 PMCID: PMC10720736 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study examines the association of gender, parenthood, and marriage with reports of perceived pandemic precarity among Mexican and Central American immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic (Fall 2020) to understand predictors of vulnerability in periods of crisis. Background Latinos/as, immigrants, parents, and women have faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family structure, along with social expectations for gender (i.e., self-sacrificing femininity for women and hegemonic masculinity for men), parenthood, and marriage may explain perceptions of pandemic precarity - defined as the material deprivation and economic anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This study used data from the Hispanic COVID-19 Rapid Response Study (n=400), a follow-up of the VidaSana Study of Mexican and Central American immigrants, to examine how family structure is associated with pandemic precarity (i.e., food, housing, and economic insecurity). Using linear regression models, average marginal effects (AMEs), and tests for group differences we investigate the independent and interactive effects of gender, parenthood, and marriage on pandemic precarity. Results Men and parents reported the highest pandemic precarity. Fathers reported higher pandemic precarity than mothers. For men, marriage is associated with greater precarity, and for women, marriage is associated with less precarity, yet marriage increased precarity for those without children. Conclusion We discuss the importance and implications of examining gender along with family structure to understand how immigrant families were faring in response to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J García
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | - Denise Ambriz
- Assistant Professor of Sociology, Pitzer College, Claremont, California
| | - Emily A Ekl
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Nicholas C Smith
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Associate Dean of Research & Professor, Global Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Associate Director, Indiana University Community Health Partnerships, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brea L Perry
- Associate Director, Irsay Institute for Sociomedical Sciences Research, Allen D. and Polly S. Grimshaw Professor, Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Lewin AC, Stier H. When Marriage Ends: Differences in Affluence and Poverty Among Older Adults in Israel. Eur J Popul 2023; 39:28. [PMID: 37603138 PMCID: PMC10442005 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that the economic benefits of marriage carry over into old age and that widowhood and divorce have detrimental economic consequences, especially for women. This study asks how affluence and poverty are affected by the timing of widowhood and divorce and tests whether they operate in symmetry. The study draws on Israel's annual Social Survey from multiple years (2013-2017), conducted by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics. The sample is limited to older individuals, aged 55+ (n = 4824 men, 5643 women). The findings show that married people are less likely to be poor than unmarried people, but they are not always more likely to be affluent. Widowed men and women, and divorced men are more likely to achieve affluence than continuously married couples. The explanation may be that, in the Israeli context, the widowed tend to inherit benefits accumulated by their late spouse, whereas the divorced tend to divide resources when the marriage dissolves. Women incur higher and longer-term penalties for their change in marital status than do men, so that previously married women tend to have higher rates of poverty and lower rates of affluence than previously married men. The findings show that affluence and poverty do not operate in symmetry and that affluence does not simply mirror poverty, especially among men. For example, early widowed and late divorced men have higher odds of both poverty and affluence than married men. These findings demonstrate that poverty and affluence operate differently and examining both leads to new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C Lewin
- Department of Sociology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Haya Stier
- Department of Labor Studies, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wolfinger NH, Perry SL. Does a longer sexual resume affect marriage rates? Soc Sci Res 2023; 113:102800. [PMID: 37230703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sociologists have proposed numerous theories for declining marriage rates in the United States, often highlighting demographic, economic, and cultural factors. One controversial theory contends that having multiple non-marital sex partners reduces traditional incentives for men to get married and simultaneously undermines their prospects in the marriage market. For women, multiple partners purportedly reduces their desirability as spouses by evoking a gendered double-standard about promiscuity. Though previous studies have shown that having multiple premarital sex partners is negatively associated with marital quality and stability, to date no research has examined whether having multiple non-marital sex partners affects marriage rates. Data from four waves of the National Survey of Family Growth reveal that American women who report more sex partners are less likely to get married by the time of the survey (though so too were virgins). Yet this finding is potentially misleading given the retrospective and cross-sectional nature of the data. Seventeen waves of prospective data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth's 1997 mixed-gender cohort that extend through 2015 show the association between non-marital sex partners and marriage rates is temporary: recent sex partners predict lower odds of marriage, but not lifetime non-marital sex partners. Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit models suggest the short-term association likely reflects a causal effect. Our findings ultimately cast doubt on recent scholarship that has implicated the ready availability of casual sex in the retreat from marriage. Rather, the effect of multiple sex partners on marriage rates is "seasonal" for most Americans.
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Wilson SJ, Cole SW, Shrout MR, Malarkey WB, Andridge R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Your suffering is my stressor: Proinflammatory gene expression rises with spousal distress in middle-aged and older couples. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106116. [PMID: 37100006 PMCID: PMC10441660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Marital quality shares ties to inflammation-related conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Lab-based studies implicate hostility during marital conflict as a mechanism via inflammatory reactivity, but little attention has been paid to the inflammatory aftermath of other marital exchanges. A spouse's emotional distress is an important but overlooked context for middle-aged and older couples, as conflict declines and networks shrink. To examine the links of spousal distress to changes in proinflammatory gene expression, 38 adults ages 40-81 witnessed their spouse relive an upsetting personal memory aloud, rated their mood before and after, and provided blood samples at baseline and twice post-task; they also shared their own upsetting memory and discussed a marital problem in the interim. Those whose spouse disclosed their upsetting memory with greater emotional intensity showed larger elevations in proinflammatory gene expression 30-40 min and 80-90 min after the task. The association replicated for listeners whose negative mood increased more in response to spousal disclosure. Findings were robust to behavior in the other emotional tasks, race, gender, age, alcohol, smoking, comorbidities, and sagittal abdominal diameter. These novel results identify spousal distress as a key marital context that may escalate inflammation-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States.
| | - Steve W Cole
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States; Norman Cousins Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States
| | - M Rosie Shrout
- Norman Cousins Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States
| | - William B Malarkey
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, OSUWMC, United States
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, United States; College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, OSUWMC, United States
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Stokes J, Prasad A, Barooah A, Stam E. Longitudinal Dyadic Associations Between Loneliness and Cognition Among Older Couples in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1204-1214. [PMID: 36951495 PMCID: PMC10292839 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is associated with diminished health and cognition for older individuals. However, little research has examined dyadic loneliness-that is, loneliness of both partners in a relationship-and its potential consequences for cognitive functioning among both spouses, nor whether one partner's cognition may affect both partners' loneliness over time. METHODS We analyze 3-wave dyadic Health and Retirement Study data (2010-2020; N = 1,061 dyads) to determine (a) whether loneliness predicts participants' own and/or their partners' episodic memory and verbal fluency over 8 years, and (b) whether cognitive functioning predicts older spouses' own or their partners' loneliness over the same period. RESULTS Loneliness predicted participants' own and their partners' loneliness at follow-up, at both time points. Loneliness was also associated with own episodic memory at follow-up, but not with verbal fluency. Episodic memory and verbal fluency predicted one another over time. Neither episodic memory nor verbal fluency predicted loneliness at follow-up. Significant dyadic mediation was established such that Time 1 loneliness was linked with partner's Time 3 episodic memory via that partner's Time 2 loneliness. DISCUSSION Lonelier older adults displayed worse trajectories of episodic memory over time, yet poor memory did not precede changes to loneliness. Further, having a lonely partner was linked with poorer episodic memory 8 years later, indicating that both one's own and-to a lesser extent-a partner's emotional well-being may be consequential for maintaining cognitive functioning with age. Associations were more clearly established with episodic memory than with verbal fluency, suggesting potential domain-specific effects of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Stokes
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anyah Prasad
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrita Barooah
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Stam
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy & Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Uchikoshi F, Raymo JM, Yoda S. Family Norms and Declining First- Marriage Rates: The Role of Sibship Position in the Japanese Marriage Market. Demography 2023; 60:939-963. [PMID: 37170925 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10741873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how changes in sibship composition associated with fertility decline may, in conjunction with entrenched family norms and expectations associated with specific sibship positions, impact marriage rates and further reduce fertility. We evaluate this possibility by focusing on Japan, a society characterized by half a century of below-replacement fertility and widely shared family norms that associate eldest (male) children with specific family obligations. Harmonic mean models allow us to quantify the contribution of changes in both marriage market composition with respect to sibship position and sibship-specific pairing propensities to the observed decline in marriage rates between 1980 and 2010. One important finding is that marriage propensities are lower for those pairings involving men and women whose sibship position signals a higher potential of caregiving obligations, especially only-children. Another is that changes in marriage propensities, rather than changing sibship composition, explain most of the observed decline in marriage rates. We also found that marriage propensity changes mitigate the impact of the changing sibship composition to some extent. However, the limited contribution of changing sibship composition to the decline in first-marriage rates provides little support for a self-reinforcing fertility decline via the relationship between changing sibship composition and marriage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Uchikoshi
- Department of Sociology, Office of Population Research, and Global Japan Lab, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - James M Raymo
- Department of Sociology, Office of Population Research, and Global Japan Lab, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoda
- National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang L, Yang Z, Yang J. The effect of marital satisfaction on the self-assessed depression of husbands and wives: investigating the moderating effects of the number of children and neurotic personality. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:163. [PMID: 37198652 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the family system theory, there is an interactive relationship in the family, especially the cognitive style and emotional changes of the husband and wife will affect the behavior, cognition and emotion of the partner. Data about the effects of marital relationships on mental health are often paired. Scholars study the effect of individual independent variables on the dependent variables and the effect of spouse independent variables on the dependent variables to explore the actor and partner effect in marital relationships. METHODS This study used the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018 dataset to collect paired data on the marital satisfaction and self-rated mental health of 9,560 couples. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Moderation Model (APIMoM) was used to analyze whether moderator variables affect the direction and strength of the effect of marital satisfaction on self-rated depression. In the robustness test part, the robustness of the APIMoM model was tested by reanalyzing the independent variables using two kinds of binary codes respectively, and the results showed that the models were robust. RESULTS Individuals' marital satisfaction was significantly negatively correlated with their own depression level and with that of their spouse. The number of family members had a positive moderating effect on the results of the wife's partner effect. Couples who lived in the environment with more family members had lower depression scores. Couples who have more children have higher depression scores. The number of children has a negative moderating effect on the results of partner effect of husbands and wives. The wife's neurotic personality score has a negative moderating effect on the wife's actor effect. CONCLUSIONS In terms of measures to prevent depression, women's mental health should be given more priority than men's. Living in a larger family with more children is beneficial for couples' mental health. Efforts to prevent depression in couples should take into account the neurotic character of the members, especially the wife, and design special treatment and preventive measures accordingly. These findings highlight that binary dynamics should be considered in exploring what factors influence the mental health of married couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lee H, Yoon HG. Body change stress, sexual function, and marital intimacy in korean patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100228. [PMID: 37213807 PMCID: PMC10193161 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A crucial factor influencing the quality of life of patients with breast cancer is marital intimacy, which, along with emotional support, helps them overcome difficult treatments. This study aimed to elucidate and confirm the effects of body change stress and sexual function in marital intimacy. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 190 patients with breast cancer. They completed the breast-impact of treatment scale, female sexual function index, and revised dyadic adjustment scale. Results The patients' average age was 46.27 (6.84), and the age distribution ranged from 25 to 59 years. These variables showed statistically significant differences according to the chemotherapy period (P < 0.05) and type of surgery (P < 0.05). Body change stress negatively correlated with sexual function (r = -0.523, P < 0.001) and marital intimacy (r = -0.545, P < 0.001). Sexual function positively correlated with marital intimacy (r = 0.363, P < 0.001). Marital intimacy was affected by the changes in body stress (β = -0.473, P < 0.001). Sexual function did not affect marital intimacy (β = 0.084, P = 0.289). Conclusions Changes in body stress and chemotherapy treatment should be considered in patients with breast cancer for better marital intimacy. Intervention strategies that consider the characteristics discussed could improve marital intimacy for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoon Lee
- Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeong Yoon
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam Campus, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Mrema S, Okumu F, Schellenberg J, Fink G. Associations between the use of insecticide-treated nets in early childhood and educational outcomes, marriage and child-bearing in early adulthood: evidence from a 22-year prospective cohort study in Tanzania. Malar J 2023; 22:134. [PMID: 37098566 PMCID: PMC10127494 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in preventing malaria in young children is well established. However, the long-term effects of early childhood ITN use on educational outcomes, fertility, and marriage in early adulthood are not well understood. METHODS This study uses 22 years of longitudinal data from rural Tanzania to investigate the associations between early life ITN use and educational attainment, fertility and marriage in early adulthood. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between early life ITN use and early adult outcomes (education, childbearing, and marriage), controlling for potential confounders, such as parental education, household asset quintiles, and year of birth. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS A total of 6706 participants born between 1998 and 2000 were enrolled in the study between 1998 and 2003. By 2019 a total of 604 had died and a further 723 could not be found, leaving 5379 participants who were interviewed, among whom complete data were available for 5216. Among women, sleeping under a treated net at least half of the time during early childhood ["high ITN use"] was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of completing primary school (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.13 [0.85, 1.50]) and with a 40% increase in the odds of completing secondary school (aOR 1.40 [1.11, 1.76]) compared with women sleeping less frequently under ITNs in early life (< age 5 years). Among men, high ITN use was associated with a 50% increase in the odds of completing primary school (aOR 1.50 [1.18, 1.92]) and a 56% increase in the odds of completing secondary school (aOR 1.56 [1.16, 2.08]) compared to men with low ITN use in early life. Weaker associations were found between ITN use in early life and both adolescent childbearing (aOR 0.91 [0.75, 1.10]) and early marriage (aOR 0.86 [0.69, 1.05]). CONCLUSION This study found that early life use of ITNs was strongly associated with increased school completion in both men and women. More marginal associations were found between early-life ITN use and both marriage and child-bearing in early adulthood. ITN use during early childhood may have long-term positive effects on educational attainment in Tanzania. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and to explore the broader impacts of ITN use on other aspects of early adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Basel, Switzerland.
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Shi Y, Whisman MA. Marital satisfaction as a potential moderator of the association between stress and depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:155-158. [PMID: 36731542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and marital dissatisfaction have been identified as risk factors for depression in separate lines of research. However, the interaction between stress and marital satisfaction in predicting depression over time has rarely been examined, despite the fact that marital satisfaction may weaken (i.e., buffer) the impact of stress on depression. This longitudinal study evaluated marital satisfaction as a moderator of the association between stress and depressive symptoms in a probability sample of American married adults. METHODS Married respondents from Wave I and Wave II of the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study (N = 1392) completed measures of marital satisfaction, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms at baseline and three-year follow-up. RESULTS Marital satisfaction and stressful life events were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in cross-sectional analyses and uniquely predicted depressive symptoms three years later, controlling for prior depressive symptoms. However, marital satisfaction did not moderate the association between stressful life events and depression. A sensitivity analysis of data from Wave IV and Wave V of the ACL yielded similar findings, supporting the replicability of the results. LIMITATIONS Broader assessment on stressful life events and assessment of perceived stress would provide a stronger test of the association between stress and depression as well as the degree to which this association is moderated by marital satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Attending to both stress and marital satisfaction may provide a more comprehensive understanding of risk for depression than exclusive focusing on either stress or marital satisfaction, which may have beneficial implications for preventing and treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Shi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America
| | - Mark A Whisman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America.
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Bloome D, Fomby P, Zhang Y. Childhood Family Instability and Young-Adult Union Experiences: Black-White Differences in Outcomes and Effects. Demography 2023; 60:379-410. [PMID: 36811335 PMCID: PMC10456991 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10571816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Today's young adults have diverse union experiences; some enter enduring marital or cohabiting unions at young ages, but many delay or dissolve their unions or remain single. Childhood family instability-defined as parents' transitions into or out of romantic coresidential unions-offers one explanation for why some people are more likely than others to enter and exit unions. We evaluate whether this family instability hypothesis-a union-specific version of the general hypothesis that instability affects people across multiple life domains-can explain Black and White young adults' union formation and dissolution. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Transition into Adulthood Supplement (birth cohorts 1989-1999), we find that the marginal effects of childhood family instability on cohabitation and marriage are weaker for Black than for White youth. Further, Black-White differences in childhood family instability's prevalence are small. Consequently, novel decompositions that account for racial differences in instability's prevalence and marginal effects reveal that childhood family instability contributes little to Black-White inequality in young adults' union outcomes. Our results challenge the generalizability of the family instability hypothesis across racialized groups in the union domain. Explanations for Black-White differences in young-adult marriage and cohabitation reside beyond childhood family dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Bloome
- John F. Kennedy School of Government and Department of Sociology, Harvard University
| | - Paula Fomby
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China
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Yu WH, Hara Y. Stability and Relevance of Marriage Desires: Importance of Age Norms and Partnering Opportunities. J Marriage Fam 2023; 85:391-412. [PMID: 37213260 PMCID: PMC10195064 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates shifts in marriage desires during singlehood and the potential consequences associated with these shifts in Japan, a country epitomizing later and less marriage without substantial increases in nonmarital childbearing. Background Despite researchers' long-standing interest in values potentially motivating demographic changes, few have systematically examined marriage desires among unmarried adults. Even fewer have considered how marriage desires may change during adulthood and how relevant such changes are to marriage and family behavior. Method The analysis uses 11 waves of the Japan Life Course Panel Survey, which tracks singles' marriage desires yearly. Fixed effects models are estimated to demonstrate factors associated with within-person changes and account for unobserved heterogeneity. Results Japanese singles' marriage desires decline with age but are stronger when they perceive greater opportunities to form romantic relationships or marriage. Singles experiencing an increase in the desire to marry are more likely to take actions to seek partners and to enter a romantic relationship or marriage subsequently. The associations between marriage desires and the various behavioral changes strengthen with age and feasibility of marriage. Increases in marriage desires also correspond to increases in single men's parenthood desires and ideal numbers of children, and the link between marriage desires and fertility preferences is stronger as they age. Conclusion Marriage desires are not always stable or equally relevant throughout singlehood. Our study suggests that age norms and partnering opportunities both contribute to the fluctuation of marriage desires and affect when such desires would have behavioral implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hsin Yu
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, Haines Hall, 264, 375 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuko Hara
- Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, Morrill Hall, College Park, MD 20742
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Asimakopoulos LO. Investigating the relationship among seasonality, socioeconomic risk factors and suicides in Greece. Psychiatriki 2023; 34:21-28. [PMID: 36538819 DOI: 10.22365/jpsych.2022.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there has been growing evidence pointing to a relationship among suicides, seasonality and socioeconomic factors. This study aims at investigating the seasonal suicide patterns, the effect of gender on these patterns, the trend of these patterns and whether the suicides are associated with economic and social risk factors. The objects of the current study have been the seasonal suicide patterns in Greece during 1980-2018 (39 years), as well as their interrelation with a variety of socioeconomic risk factors, however for a shorter period (21 years) due to unavailability of aggregated data provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The Walter-Elwood test was applied in order to investigate seasonality. Poisson regression models were applied to investigate the relationship amongst seasonality, socioeconomic risk factors and monthly suicides. The best variable subset was selected according to the leaps and bounds algorithm. A total of 15,692 suicides were recorded. In the total sample, as well as, in men, a peak was documented in May - June, whereas females mostly peaked in July. Among the risk factors under investigation, an increase in marriage rates appeared to have significantly lowered the number of suicides, while a rise in unemployment rates exhibited a statistically non-significant increase in suicides.. The findings of the study suggest distinct sex-oriented seasonal patterns and a protective effect of marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Orion Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Syvertsen A, Leino T, Pallesen S, Smith ORF, Sivertsen B, Griffiths MD, Mentzoni RA. Marital status and gambling disorder: a longitudinal study based on national registry data. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 36978051 PMCID: PMC10045908 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital status is a robust correlate of disordered gambling, but few studies have examined the direction of this association. METHODS The present study used a case-control design by including all adults receiving their first gambling disorder (GD) diagnosis between January 2008 to December 2018 (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 5,121) and compared them against age and gender matched individuals with other somatic/psychiatric illnesses (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 27,826) and a random sample from the general population (FD-Trygd database, n = 26,695). The study examined marital status before GD, getting divorced as a risk factor for future GD, and becoming married as a protective factor of future GD. RESULTS The findings indicated an 8-9 percentage points higher prevalence of unmarried people and about a 5 percentage points higher prevalence of separation/divorce among those that subsequently experienced GD compared to controls. Logistic regressions showed that transition through divorce was associated with higher odds of future GD compared to illness controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% CI [2.06, 2.92]) and the general population (OR = 2.41 [2.02, 2.87]). Logistic regressions also showed that transition through marriage was associated with lower odds of future GD compared to illness controls (OR = 0.62, CI [0.55, 0.70]) and the general population (OR = 0.57, CI [0.50, 0.64]). CONCLUSIONS Social bonds have previously been shown to impact physical and mental health, and the findings of the study emphasize the importance of considering social network history and previous relationship dissolution among individuals with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Syvertsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway.
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tony Leino
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto R F Smith
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rune Aune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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42
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Liu Y, Song Y, Johnson FU, Lei L, Choi SWE, Antonucci TC, Robinson-Lane SG. Characteristics and Predictors of Sleep Among Spousal Care Dyads Living With Chronic Conditions. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:S38-S47. [PMID: 36112385 PMCID: PMC10010479 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor sleep is common among older adults with chronic health conditions and their spousal caregivers. However, dyadic sleep patterns among spouses are underexplored within the literature. This study examines dyadic sleep characteristics and associated contextual factors among spousal care dyads. METHODS Participants included 462 older adult spousal care dyads from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving (mean ages of care recipients/caregivers = 79 and 76 years, respectively; 22% of dyads were living with dementia). Self-reported sleep included frequency of (a) trouble falling back asleep among dyads, (b) care-related sleep disturbances among caregivers, and (c) trouble initiating sleep among care recipients. Predictors included between-dyad characteristics such as whether respondents had dementia, care burden and support, relationship quality, neighborhood cohesion, and within-dyad characteristics such as demographics, depression, and positive affect. We conducted multilevel dyadic analysis and actor-partner interdependence modeling. RESULTS Sleep was correlated more among dyads living with dementia than those with other chronic conditions. Care dyads had poorer sleep if caregivers reported higher care burden; however, better relationship quality marginally ameliorated the association. Depressive symptoms had a partner effect on poorer sleep among care dyads, whereas positive emotions and older age only had an actor effect on better sleep for care recipients and spousal caregivers. Neighborhood cohesion, care support, and other demographic characteristics were not associated with dyadic sleep outcomes. DISCUSSION Addressing both care recipient- and caregiver-related factors may improve sleep health for both members of the care dyad living with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Yeonsu Song
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Florence U Johnson
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lianlian Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seung-won Emily Choi
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sheria G Robinson-Lane
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Blom N, Perelli-Harris B, Wiik KA. Relationship quality and family formation in Europe. Adv Life Course Res 2023; 55:100527. [PMID: 36942640 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increase in cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing across Europe has raised questions about who still marries either before or after having a child. Although prior studies have addressed the sequence of marriage and childbearing, few have examined the role of relationship quality in these transitions. Here we employ a cross-national perspective to study the association between relationship quality and marriage and/or first birth within cohabitation. Using the Generations and Gender Survey and UK Household Longitudinal Study, we study seven European countries (Austria, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and UK). We employ competing risk hazard models to follow respondents as they 1) transition from cohabitation into marriage or conception (or separation); 2) transition to marriage (or separation) after having a birth within cohabitation. Results show that cohabitors with higher relationship quality are more marriage prone than those in lower quality relationships in Austria, France, Hungary, and the UK, but not in the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Instead, higher relationship quality is associated with higher conception risks in cohabitation in Sweden. After childbearing, we find a positive association between relationship quality and marriage among cohabiting parents in the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These results suggest that marriage is still important for couples with higher quality relationships; however, in countries where cohabitation is widespread, the timing of marriage may have shifted to after childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Blom
- City University of London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Kenneth Aarskaug Wiik
- Statistics Norway, Norway; Centre for Fertility and Health, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
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John BM, Nitsche N. Indirect Estimation of the Timing of First Union Dissolution With Incomplete Marriage Histories. Demography 2023; 60:411-430. [PMID: 36825792 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10581068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of nationally representative data with detailed marriage histories in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) impedes a comprehensive understanding of essential aspects of union dissolution, such as the timing of first union dissolution, in these countries. We propose a method for estimating quantum-adjusted measures of the timing of first union dissolution from incomplete marriage histories. This method, indirect life table of first union dissolution (ILTUD), estimates the first union survival function from a simple tabulation of ever-married women by duration since first union, classified by union dissolution status (intact vs. dissolved first union). It then uses the relationships between life table functions to generate the distribution of marriages ending each year (θt) for a given marriage cohort. Using this distribution, ILTUD generates quantum-adjusted first union survival rates from which the percentiles of first union dissolution are calculated. ILTUD estimates are consistent with estimates produced using traditional statistical methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier estimator. In addition, ILTUD is simple to implement and has minimal data requirements, which are available in most nationally representative surveys. Thus, the ILTUD method has the potential to broaden our understanding of union dissolution dynamics in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Malinga John
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Population Studies, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Natalie Nitsche
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Sociology Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wong JS, Zhong S, Liu H. Relationship Quality Change Among Partnered Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:352-358. [PMID: 36124955 PMCID: PMC9938919 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically changed social life, but we know less about whether partnered relationships changed during this time. Because high-quality intimate relationships are key to many older Americans' well-being, we explore whether, how, and for whom the pandemic changed relationship quality among partnered older Americans. METHODS Nationally representative data from 1,642 partnered adults aged 50 and older come from the 2020 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project COVID-19 Study. Multinomial logistic regression analyses estimate the likelihood of reporting improved, unchanged, or worsened relationship quality since the pandemic began across sociodemographic groups. RESULTS Two thirds of respondents reported that relationship quality stayed the same during the pandemic, 22.8% reported their relationship quality got better, and 10.5% reported their relationship quality got worse. Although women and the oldest old were less likely to report improved relationship quality, Black respondents were more likely to do so, even after controlling for explanatory variables. DISCUSSION Resilience describes many partnered older adults' experiences during the first year of the pandemic, suggesting that they were able to protect their partnerships during this public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Wong
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Selena Zhong
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Mogielnicki C. Wartime forced sex as a male mating strategy. Theory Biosci 2023; 142:67-85. [PMID: 36710290 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-023-00386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was an analytical justification of the emergence and presence of the phenomenon of war among hominins, taking into account males' genetic benefits gained through war in the natural environment. Based on chimpanzee behavior, the analytical model of the primary warrior balance was explored, comparing the risk of a war expedition with the genetic profits from war rape-"life and death balance". On the profits side, genetic gains possible to obtain in terms of permanent attractiveness of females (warrior status and abductions of females) were also included. Kin cooperation, parochial altruism, and "partisan strategy" have been defined as psychological mechanisms that enable effective group violence. Male genetic benefit from a war rape could exceed the risk of a warrior's death in the chimpanzee-human LCA species; transition from the herd to the patriarchal tribal social system could increase warrior's genetic gains from war. At the root of war lie sexual limitations of cooperating males, induced by female sexual preferences and lack of the permanent female sexual drive. War rape allows reproductive success for dominated and thus sexually restricted males. Tendencies for group aggression to gain access to out-group females (the war gene) are common among sexually restricted men. Resource-rich areas favor increase in human population density, this affects group territoriality and promotes intergroup conflicts, and thus patriarchy. Roots of conventional patriarchal marriage are strongly combined with war-"the right to land entails the right to a female".
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Shrout MR, Black AE, Wilson SJ, Renna ME, Madison AD, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Reis HT. How aging couples' emotional and physiological associations change across positive, supportive, and conflictual discussions: Roles of capitalization and responsive behaviors. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108500. [PMID: 36646301 PMCID: PMC10023389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Couples' emotions and physiology change across interactions and based on behaviors. Aging couples' emotions and physiology may be closely related as they spend more time together and rely on each other for support. We examined aging couples' emotional and physiological associations across multiple indices and marital interactions; we also assessed how couples' capitalization and responsive behaviors during the first discussion were protective in subsequent emotional conversations. METHODS Married couples (n = 107 couples, 214 individuals) engaged in positive event, social support, and conflict discussions. Emotional and physiological assessments across discussions included: positive and negative emotion, electrodermal activity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability. We coded partners' capitalization and responsive behaviors during the first discussion. RESULTS There were ties in spouses' positive emotion, negative emotion, electrodermal activity, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability during positive, supportive, and conflictual discussions. Emotional and physiological associations reflecting shared stress (negative emotion, electrodermal activity, systolic blood pressure) were stronger in couples who were less capitalizing or responsive earlier that day; associations reflecting physiological adaptation (heart rate variability) were stronger for more capitalizing and responsive couples. CONCLUSION Aging couples' emotions and physiology tracked together during discussions central to maintaining relationships, and their past behaviors carried over into future interactions and across contexts. Enthusiastic, caring, and understanding behaviors may protect partners from shared emotional and physiological stress; lacking such behaviors may increase emotional and physiological vulnerability. This research identifies behavioral, emotional, and physiological pathways connecting relationships to health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosie Shrout
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Alexandra E Black
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Megan E Renna
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Annelise D Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harry T Reis
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Ohashi M, Watanabe K, Hirano T, Hasegawa K, Katsumi K, Tashi H, Shibuya Y, Makino T, Kawashima H. Marriage and childbirth of patients who were surgically and non-surgically treated for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a survey at the age of 30 years or older. Spine Deform 2023; 11:597-603. [PMID: 36709464 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-023-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the marital status and childbirth in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. METHODS This study included women who were treated surgically or non-surgically for AIS with a scoliosis magnitude ≥ 30° before surgery or at skeletal maturity and were followed up until age 30 years or older. Patients were divided into surgically treated (S-AIS, n = 55) and non-surgically treated AIS groups (N-AIS, n = 86). Data from the national fertility survey were used as control values. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age at the final follow-up between the S- (40.7 years) and N-AIS (42.1 years) groups. The unmarried rate among all women and the nulliparous rate among married women in the S-AIS group (29.1% and 18.4%, respectively) were similar to those in the N-AIS group (26.7% and 16.1%, respectively). The mean number of children per married woman also did not differ between the S- and N-AIS groups (1.5 vs 1.4). Compared to the control group, after adjusting for age, the common odds ratio in the AIS group was 1.56 (p = 0.031) for unmarried status and 1.88 (p = 0.026) for nulliparity among married women. Moreover, the mean number of children per married woman was significantly lower in the AIS group than in the control group (1.3 vs 1.7, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Surgically and non-surgically treated women with AIS had a similar status with regard to marriage and childbirth, while women with AIS were more likely to be unmarried and nulliparous and to have fewer children compared to the nationwide population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ohashi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Katsumi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideki Tashi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Makino
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Asfaw LS, Alene GD. Marital dissolution and associated factors in Hosanna, Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:20. [PMID: 36694249 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marriage dissolution, divorce, or separation from a spouse or common-law partner is a serious public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and devastating health and socio-economic consequences. Evidence suggests an increased risk of marital instability in Ethiopia. In addition, the extent of marital dissolution and other related factors have increased in the study area. Despite these, the prevalence of marital dissolution and the influence of associated factors (main reason for marriage, and parental history of marital dissolution) on marital dissolution has not been assessed in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of marital dissolution and its associated factors among residents of Hosanna town in southwestern Ethiopia in 2022. METHODS We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among 459 randomly selected Hosanna Township residents. We used structured questionnaires to collect data. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to describe the data and test-associated factors, respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to define statistical significance. We used STATA 14 and IBM SPSS 25.0 computer packages to process data. RESULTS Out of the 459 potentially eligible individuals, 450 participants properly responded to the questionnaires yielding a response rate of 98.04%. Of these, 218 (52.9%) were female. The commonly reported reason for marriage was to have children 150 (36.9%). The prevalence rate of marital dissolution was 26.0% (95% CI: (21.7%, 30.3%)). The participant's level of education and the primary reasons (motives) why they get married were statistically significantly associated with marital dissolution. The odds of marital dissolution was higher among participants who completed secondary education (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.26-8.17) compared to those having no formal education. The participants who married for companionship reasons (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11-0.83) had significantly lower odds of marriage dissolution compared with those who married for financial security. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the prevalence of marital dissolution was high. The participant's level of education and the primary reasons (motives) why they getting married were significantly associated with marital dissolution. Therefore, an integrated, community-based approach should be developed to prevent marital dissolution.
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Das U, Rout S. Are delay ages at marriage increasing? Pre-marital sexual relation among youth people in the place of residence in India. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36631806 PMCID: PMC9835306 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent sexual and reproductive health is a major public health issue throughout the world. At the same time shifting of marriage are undergoing discernible changes in country like India. This paper attempts to examine the effect of delay age at marriage on the risks of pre-marital sexual intercourse for the youth people in the place of residence. METHODS Data used in the present study is from various annual publications of Sample Registration System (SRS) and four round of National Family Health Survey, which was conducted in 2015-2016. The Kaplan-Meier life table technique and multivariate regression models are used to examine the premarital sex by the place of residence and marriage cohort. RESULTS Findings of the study indicate that the reasons underlying delayed marriage differs between blow 21 years age group and 22-30 years age group. Multinomial analysis clearly shows education, wealth quintile and mass media are major controlling factors of delayed age at marriage. Residing in urban adolescent women who belonged to better economic family background and exposed to mass media had a higher probability to experience premarital sexual intercourse than the rural adolescent in delay age group. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the restorative the empowerment of youth especially for women and health care provider should consider a multidimensional approach for higher education among youth people and safe sexual behaviour in pre-marital sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Das
- grid.444315.30000 0000 9013 5080P.G. Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha India
| | - Sasmita Rout
- grid.444315.30000 0000 9013 5080P.G. Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha India
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