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Klocke U. Sexualization of Children or Human Rights? Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual-Orientation Diversity in School. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:600-631. [PMID: 36250961 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are more likely to experience mental health problems than their heterosexual peers because they are victimized more often or fear discrimination. Governmental plans to improve this situation by addressing sexual diversity in German schools have been accompanied by public resistance and misinformation, e.g., that they aim to sexualize children. The present study assessed how widespread negative attitudes toward such plans really are and how they can be explained. A random sample of 2,013 German residents was surveyed by phone. Only 10% opposed promoting acceptance of LGB in school. Approval of such plans was predominantly predicted by respondents' beliefs about sexual orientation and the plans' aim, and only marginally by societal values. Respondents who knew that the plans' aim was to promote acceptance of LGB and not to sexualize children and that children with same-sex parents are just as well off as those with heterosexual parents showed higher approval, whereas respondents who believed that homosexuality is affected by socialization showed higher opposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Klocke
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
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2
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Anderson J, Maugeri J. Correlates of Attitudes Toward Bisexuality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:259-292. [PMID: 36041085 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of factors that correlate with attitudes toward bisexuals, and a meta-analysis to estimate the effect size of these relationships. A search strategy was designed to identify studies that had a measure of attitudes toward bisexuals and assessed the relationship between these attitudes and at least one attitude-relevant correlate. The strategy was then applied to PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, Proquest Psychology Collection, EBSCO Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and SociINDEX databases, and calls for unpublished data were circulated through relevant professional bodies. Effect size data were extracted from the articles, and meta-analyses were conducted on each of the applicable correlates. The meta-analyses revealed that age, contact (quality and quantity), income, political orientation, religion, sexual orientation, education, ethnicity, gender, and population density were related to negative attitudes toward bisexual individuals (Fisher's Zs = 0.108, -0.418, -0.209, 0.221, 0.231, 0.346, & 0.831, and Hedges' g's = 0.365, 0.344, 0.278, & 0.193, respectively). In addition, a sub-group moderation analysis revealed these effect sizes for participant gender differed as a function of target gender (i.e., bisexual men vs. bisexual women).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Anderson
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Maugeri
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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van de Rozenberg TM, Kroes ADA, van der Pol LD, Groeneveld MG, Mesman J. Same-Sex Kissing and Having a Gay or Lesbian Child: A Bridge Too Far? Parent-Child Similarities in Homophobic Attitudes and Observed Parental Discomfort. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37643385 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2233658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parent-child similarities in homophobic attitudes and observed parental discomfort with coming-out vignettes in interactions with their adolescent children (14-18 years old). Based on gender schema theory and the family process model we expected parent-child similarities in homophobic attitudes to be stronger in same-gender dyads. Further, we expected that observed parental discomfort with coming-out vignettes would occur and is stronger when the gender of the parent, child, and character in the vignette match. We used questionnaires and observation data from 199 White Dutch families in the Netherlands. Our results showed that parents' homophobic attitudes were associated with their children's homophobic attitudes. For same-sex kissing and (imagining) having a gay son, these associations were stronger between parents and children of the same gender. Further, parental discomfort with coming-out vignettes occurred and was stronger when parents and children had the same gender, regardless of the gender of the vignette character. In conclusion, policies aiming at gay and lesbian inclusion should not be limited to accepting gay/lesbian identities, but also pay attention to the acceptance of same-sex intimacy expressions, having gay or lesbian family members, and normalizing discussions about gay/lesbian lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lotte D van der Pol
- Governance of Global Affairs, Leiden University, LUC, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | | | - Judi Mesman
- Governance of Global Affairs, Leiden University, LUC, Den Haag, The Netherlands
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Chan RCH, Lam MS. Contextual Influence of School-Level Gender Role Attitudes and Sexual Prejudice on Allyship, Bullying, and Internalized Homonegativity. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:980-995. [PMID: 36629987 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have primarily used an individual differences approach to identify dispositional factors associated with bullying behavior, which often neglect the broader school context in which bullying occurs. The present study used a multilevel research design to examine the contextual influence of school normative climate on allyship, bullying, and internalized homonegativity. The study included 3020 students (M = 15.83 years, SD = 1.50) from ten secondary schools in China. The results showed that school-level gender role attitudes were positively associated with bullying perpetration among heterosexual students as well as bullying victimization and internalized homonegativity among LGBQA+ students. In addition, there was a negative association between school-level sexual prejudice and allyship among heterosexual students. The findings demonstrate the contextual influence of school normative climate and highlight the need for regular school climate assessments, so that appropriate instructions, policies, and practices can be implemented to address gender biases and homophobia and the resulting bullying behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph C H Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
| | - Marcus Shengkai Lam
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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António R, Guerra R, Cameron L, Moleiro C. Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:110-126. [PMID: 36332082 PMCID: PMC10099952 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bystanders' helping interventions in bias-based bullying are rare, although they have the potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage = 16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under-researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence. Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic bullying episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel António
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI), Ispa- Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Guerra
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Moleiro
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Méndez Fernández AB, Lombardero Posada X, Aguiar Fernández FX, Murcia Álvarez E, González Fernández A. Professional preference for mental illness: The role of contact, empathy, and stigma in Spanish Social Work undergraduates. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1492-1503. [PMID: 34184366 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the mentally ill people is a challenge across the world, and different professionals, such as doctors, social workers, psychologists, or nurses, take care of this group. Nonetheless, mental health is not a vocational sector preferred by students and professionals of many of these careers. Research has proposed that professional preference for a patient group would be positively influenced by intergroup contact (quantity and quality) and empathy (perspective-taking), and negatively associated with intergroup anxiety and social distance. However, the evidence testing this proposal was partial and mainly referring to other patient groups such as minorities or immigrants. The major aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify two research questions referring to mentally ill persons: Do contact and empathy protect undergraduates from intergroup anxiety and social distance and promote professional preference? Do intergroup anxiety and social distance predict professional preference and mediate the influence of contact and empathy in professional preference? A convenience sample of 409 Social Work undergraduates (81% females) from three Spanish universities completed a questionnaire between February and June 2020. Concerning direct relationships, the structural equation model showed that the quantity of contact only predicted intergroup anxiety negatively; quality of contact and empathy negatively predicted intergroup anxiety and social distance; intergroup anxiety positively predicted social distance; intergroup anxiety and social distance negatively predicted professional preference. Concerning mediated relationships, the influence of quality of contact and empathy on social distance was mediated by intergroup anxiety; social distance mediated the relationship of intergroup anxiety with professional preference; both anxiety and distance mediated the influence of quality of contact and empathy in professional preference. These results encourage interventions aimed at enhancing professional preference for mental illness by improving contact, knowledge, and empathy and reducing stigma in students and workers from diverse mental health careers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evelia Murcia Álvarez
- Facultade de Educación e Traballo Social, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação e de Intervenção Social do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CIS-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Kranz D. The Attribution of Parental Competence to Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Couples: Experimental and Correlational Results. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:1252-1274. [PMID: 33818309 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1909395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the impact of sexual orientation on heterosexuals' judgment of parental competence. Using a vignette approach, Study 1 presented participants with a lesbian, gay, or heterosexual couple who desired to have a child, either as adoptive parents or, in an additional heterosexual target condition, as biological parents. Study 2 presented a lesbian, gay, or heterosexual parent couple; heterosexual targets were either adoptive parents, reflecting the LG target conditions, or biological parents. Contradicting Hypothesis 1, neither target sexual orientation nor way to parenthood (with the latter varied in the heterosexual target condition only) had an impact on parental competence attributions. Confirming Hypothesis 2, participants with personal contact with lesbian and gay (LG) people provided higher ratings of LG target parental competence, mediated by positive attitudes toward homosexuality. Importantly, this mediation did not occur in the heterosexual target condition, corroborating the specificity of the intergroup contact effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kranz
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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8
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Wallrich L, West K, Rutland A. Valuing diversity: an undervalued mediator of intergroup contact. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wallrich
- Department of Psychology Goldsmiths University of London London UK
| | - Keon West
- Department of Psychology Goldsmiths University of London London UK
| | - Adam Rutland
- Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter Devon UK
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White FA, Verrelli S, Maunder RD, Kervinen A. Using Electronic Contact to Reduce Homonegative Attitudes, Emotions, and Behavioral Intentions Among Heterosexual Women and Men: A Contemporary Extension of the Contact Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:1179-1191. [PMID: 30019950 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1491943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study experimentally examined the potential for a contemporary extension of the contact hypothesis, known as electronic contact, or E-contact, to reduce sexual prejudice, intergroup anxiety, and avoidant behavioral intentions among heterosexuals. It also extended the sexual minority contact literature by examining the role of participant and interaction partner sex as a possible boundary condition of this contact-prejudice relationship. To test our hypotheses, 140 heterosexual female and male university students were randomly allocated to interact with a homosexual or heterosexual, female or male E-contact partner, in a collaborative and text-only online interaction before completing the outcome measures. Overall, the results demonstrated that interacting online with a female, as opposed to a male, homosexual E-contact partner reduced heterosexual men's feelings of intergroup anxiety, which in turn was associated with lower sexual prejudice and outgroup avoidance. For heterosexual women, however, E-contact did not influence the outcome variables. In the context of sexual prejudice, these results suggest that E-contact may be particularly useful as a prejudice-reduction strategy among individuals who typically require it most: heterosexual men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A White
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Stefano Verrelli
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Rachel D Maunder
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Angus Kervinen
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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10
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Tam MJ, Jewell JA, Brown CS. Gender-based harassment in early adolescence: Group and individual predictors of perpetration. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Lira AND, Morais NAD. Validity Evidences of the Internalized Homophobia Scale for Brazilian Gays and Lesbians. PSICO-USF 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712019240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This article gathered evidence of the validity of the Internalized Homophobia Scale (EHI) for Brazilian gays and lesbians. Study 1 found evidence of content validity (performed by two area judges and 10 gay and lesbian people), based on the internal structure and still sought reliability/precision indicators of the instrument. Based on an online survey, 261 participants, with a mean age of 27.6 years (SD = 7.72), answered IHS and sociodemographic questions. Study 2 replicated the factorial solution from study 1, through confirmatory factorial analysis, in addition to seeking complementary evidence of construct validity and reliability, being carried out with 303 gays and lesbians, with a mean age of 30.6 years (SD = 8.29). The results of the two studies suggest a modified version of the IHS with 19 items and two dimensions (Internal Perception of Stigma and Perception [α = 0,814] of Social Oppression [α = 0,622]) because it presented evidence of validity and reliability/precision of the instrument.
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13
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Perales F. The cognitive roots of prejudice towards same-sex couples: An analysis of an Australian national sample. INTELLIGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou S, Page-Gould E, Aron A, Moyer A, Hewstone M. The Extended Contact Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis on 20 Years of Research. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2018; 23:132-160. [PMID: 29671374 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318762647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
According to the extended contact hypothesis, knowing that in-group members have cross-group friends improves attitudes toward this out-group. This meta-analysis covers the 20 years of research that currently exists on the extended contact hypothesis, and consists of 248 effect sizes from 115 studies. The aggregate relationship between extended contact and intergroup attitudes was r = .25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.22, .27], which reduced to r = .17, 95% CI = [.14, .19] after removing direct friendship's contribution; these results suggest that extended contact's hypothesized relationship to intergroup attitudes is small-to-medium and exists independently of direct friendship. This relationship was larger when extended contact was perceived versus actual, highlighting the importance of perception in extended contact. Current results on extended contact mostly resembled their direct friendship counterparts, suggesting similarity between these contact types. These unique insights about extended contact and its relationship with direct friendship should enrich and spur growth within this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Zhou
- 1 University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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15
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Huic A, Jelic M, Kamenov Z. Essentialist Beliefs About Homosexuality Predict Positive and Negative Behavioral Intentions Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2017; 65:1631-1655. [PMID: 28934073 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1383104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on essentialist beliefs about homosexuality as determinants of discriminatory intentions against gay men and lesbian women (LG) and the readiness to engage in positive action toward them. A sample of 997 exclusively heterosexual adults participated in an online study set in Croatia, a country with high homophobia undergoing social change that threatens the higher status of the heterosexual majority. Beliefs about immutability and universality of homosexuality were associated with less intention to discriminate and more readiness to engage in positive behavior, while discreteness beliefs were inversely related to both. Furthermore, attitudes toward LGs seem to be the mechanism behind the observed links. Results suggest essentialist beliefs might be fuel for attitudes, which are in turn associated with behavioral intentions. Importantly, essentialist beliefs had both indirect (with attitudes as mediators) and direct effects on behavioral intentions speaking in favor of their robust role in explaining LG-related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Huic
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Margareta Jelic
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Zeljka Kamenov
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Adams GA, Webster JR. When leaders are not who they appear: The effects of leader disclosure of a concealable stigma on follower reactions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Visintin EP, Voci A, Pagotto L, Hewstone M. Direct, extended, and mass-mediated contact with immigrants in Italy: their associations with emotions, prejudice, and humanity perceptions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Paolo Visintin
- Institute of Psychology; University of Lausanne, and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | - Alberto Voci
- Department of Philosophy; Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | - Lisa Pagotto
- Department of Philosophy; Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova
| | - Miles Hewstone
- Department of Experimental Psychology; University of Oxford
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Vezzali L, Brambilla M, Giovannini D, Paolo Colucci F. Strengthening Purity: Moral Purity as a Mediator of Direct and Extended Cross-Group Friendships on Sexual Prejudice. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 64:716-730. [PMID: 27268139 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1196998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated whether enhanced perceptions of moral purity drive the effects of intergroup cross-group friendships on the intentions to interact with homosexuals. High-school students (N = 639) reported their direct and extended cross-group friendships with homosexuals as well as their beliefs regarding the moral character of the sexual minority. Participants further reported their desire to interact with homosexuals in the future. Results showed that both face-to-face encounters and extended contact with homosexuals increased their perceived moral purity, which in turn fostered more positive behavioral intentions. Results further revealed the specific role of moral purity in this sense, as differential perceptions along other moral domains (autonomy and community) had no mediation effects on behavioral tendencies toward homosexuals. The importance of these findings for improving intergroup relations is discussed, together with the importance of integrating research on intergroup contact and morality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Vezzali
- a Department of Education and Human Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- b Department of Psychology , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milano , Italy
| | - Dino Giovannini
- a Department of Education and Human Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia , Italy
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Vezzali L, Hewstone M, Capozza D, Giovannini D, Wölfer R. Improving intergroup relations with extended and vicarious forms of indirect contact. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2014.982948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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