1
|
Domínguez-Viveros J, Molina-Villalobos JR, Camacho-Sandoval J, Cruz-Méndez A, Martínez-Rocha R, Jahuey-Martínez F. Structure and genetic variability of the Costa Rican Paso horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104985. [PMID: 38096926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Costa Rican Paso Horse (CPC) is a breed developed in Costa Rica. The objectives were to estimate the genetic structure and evaluate the levels of genetic variability of the population. The genotypes of 14 microsatellites in 3654 records (2052 females and 1602 males) were analyzed. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (CIP), fixation index (FIS), Shannon index, as well as Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (DHW) were evaluated. Kinship relationships (Rij) were estimated throughout the entire population. The effective population size (Ne) was calculated, alternating allele frequencies less than 0.05, 0.02 and 0.01. The Bayesian clustering study was carried out to infer how many lines are appropriate from the analysis of genotypes using multiple loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 17, with an average value of 9.6; nine loci presented DHW (P < 0.05); two loci presented negative FIS values, the same as Ho > He; the average of CIP, Ho and He was 0.254, 0.756 and 0.785, respectively. At the 12 loci where He > Ho, the differences ranged from 0.002 to 0.341 (0.036 on average). For Ne, the estimates were 201.9, 230.1, and 241.5. In the Rij, 54.86% of the estimates were in the interval of 0.01 to 77.7%. The number of lines that define the population corresponds to three, with an approximate composition of 33.1%, 32.4% and 34.5%, respectively. The CPC, as a subdivided population with DHW and a reduction in heterozygotes may be associated with possible Wahlund effects. Keywords: Wahlund effect, equines, genetic markers, synthetic breed, Hardy Weinberg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Argerie Cruz-Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Rocha
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves AR, Telo da Gama L, Antunes L, Guimarães H, Bliebernicht M, Duarte JC, Cosinha C, Duarte Rego B, Ferro da Costa P, Guimarães T, Rocha A, Bettencourt E. Impact of inbreeding and genetic parameter estimates for seminal traits in Lusitano horses. Theriogenology 2023; 208:43-51. [PMID: 37295289 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to establish baseline information for seminal traits in Lusitano stallions, to assess the impact of inbreeding, interval between collections and age on semen quality during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and to estimate the corresponding genetic parameters. A total of 2129 ejaculates by 146 Lusitano stallions used for artificial insemination, obtained from four equine reproduction centers distributed throughout Portugal, over a period of 14 years (2008-2021), were included in the study. The seminal traits analyzed, and the corresponding means and standard deviations, were gel-free volume (56.95 ± 28.76 mL), concentration (186.48 ± 104.68 × 106), motility (64.1 ± 16.9%), total number of spermatozoa (TNS) (9.271 ± 4.956 × 109) and total number of motile spermatozoa per ejaculate (TNMS) (5.897 ± 3.587 × 109). These results are in the normal range of values described for other breeds. In the stallions analyzed, the mean value for the inbreeding coefficient was 7.93 ± 5.29%, and for age it was 12.70 ± 6.83 years. A significant decline in sperm concentration, motility, TNS, and TNMS was observed as inbreeding increased. The season also influenced sperm concentration, motility, TNS and TNMS, with the highest values observed during the breeding season. When considering the impact of age on Lusitano seminal parameters, results showed a nonlinear relationship, with a positive effect until 18 years of age for volume, motility, TNS and TNMS and a negative effect after this age, with a slow decrease. However, age had a markedly negative effect on sperm concentration. The interval between semen collections only affected (P < 0.05) sperm motility, with a regression coefficient of +1.89 ± 2.17% per additional day. Genetic parameters were estimated with an Animal Model, and the estimated heritability (repeatability) was 0.27 (0.35) for volume, 0.02 (0.38) for sperm concentration, 0.24 (0.44) for motility, 0.29 (0.39) for TNS and 0.41 (0.41) for TNMS. These results suggest that it is possible to improve semen quality by selection and that the properties of semen produced by a stallion tend to remain consistent throughout its lifetime. Furthermore, the impact of inbreeding should be taken into consideration when selecting Lusitano stallions for fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Gonçalves
- MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Luis Telo da Gama
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS). Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal; Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luis Antunes
- Multivet, Serviços veterinários de Equinos e espécies pecuárias, Lda. Rua Professor Alfredo Reis n.º51, 7005-585, Évora, Portugal
| | - Helena Guimarães
- MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Cristina Cosinha
- LusoPecus, Rua da Fábrica 58C, 2135-144, Samora Correia, Portugal
| | | | | | - Tiago Guimarães
- Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal; ICBAS, Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Rocha
- Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal; ICBAS, Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Bettencourt
- MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vincelette A. The Characteristics, Distribution, Function, and Origin of Alternative Lateral Horse Gaits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2557. [PMID: 37627349 PMCID: PMC10451235 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article traces the characteristics, origin, distribution, and function of alternative lateral horse gaits, i.e., intermediate speed lateral-sequence gaits. Such alternative lateral gaits (running walk, rack, broken pace, hard pace, and broken trot) are prized by equestrians today for their comfort and have been found in select horse breeds for hundreds of years and even exhibited in fossil equid trackways. After exploring the evolution and development of alternative lateral gaits via fossil equid trackways, human art, and historical writings, the functional and genetic factors that led to the genesis of these gaits are discussed. Such gaited breeds were particularly favored and spread by the Scythians, Celts, Turks, and Spaniards. Fast and low-swinging hard pacing gaits are common in several horse breeds of mountainous areas of East and North Asia; high-stepping rack and running walk gaits are often displayed in European and North and South American breeds; the broken pace is found in breeds of Central Asia, Southeast Asia, West Asia, Western North America, and Brazil in South America; and the broken trot occurs in breeds of North Asia, South Asia, the Southern United States, and Brazil in South America, inhabiting desert or marshy areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Vincelette
- Department of Pretheology, St. John's Seminary, 5012 Seminary Road, Camarillo, CA 93021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karlau A, Molina A, Antonini A, Peyrás SD. The influence of foreign lineages in the genetic component of reproductive traits in Criollo Argentino mares: a 30-year study. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
5
|
Nogueira MB, de Faria DA, Ianella P, Paiva SR, McManus C. Genetic diversity and population structure of locally adapted Brazilian horse breeds assessed using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
6
|
Delsol N, Stucky BJ, Oswald JA, Reitz EJ, Emery KF, Guralnick R. Analysis of the earliest complete mtDNA genome of a Caribbean colonial horse (Equus caballus) from 16th-century Haiti. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270600. [PMID: 35895670 PMCID: PMC9328532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other European domesticates introduced in the Americas after the European invasion, equids (Equidae) were previously in the Western Hemisphere but were extinct by the late Holocene era. The return of equids to the Americas through the introduction of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) is documented in the historical literature but is not explored fully either archaeologically or genetically. Historical documents suggest that the first domestic horses were brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caribbean in the late 15th century CE, but archaeological remains of these early introductions are rare. This paper presents the mitochondrial genome of a late 16th century horse from the Spanish colonial site of Puerto Real (northern Haiti). It represents the earliest complete mitogenome of a post-Columbian domestic horse in the Western Hemisphere offering a unique opportunity to clarify the phylogeographic history of this species in the Americas. Our data supports the hypothesis of an Iberian origin for this early translocated individual and clarifies its phylogenetic relationship with modern breeds in the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delsol
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian J. Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Reitz
- Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kitty F. Emery
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Faria DA, do Prado Paim T, Dos Santos CA, Paiva SR, Nogueira MB, McManus C. Selection signatures for heat tolerance in Brazilian horse breeds. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:449-462. [PMID: 35150300 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since domestication, horse breeds have adapted to their environments and differentiated from one another. This paper uses two methods to detect selection signatures in 23 horse breeds, eight of which are Brazilian (610 animals), both cold-blooded and warm-blooded, from temperate and tropical regions. These animals were genotyped using the GGP Equine BeadChip and we analysed the data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The samples were separated into groups based on their geographical area of origin and PCA results studied. The genomic regions under selection were detected by hapFLK and PCAdapt methodologies, identifying six regions under selection with at least one Brazilian horse breed. These regions contain genes associated with heat tolerance, skin colour, body size, energy production/metabolism, genes involved in protein degradation/turnover/DNA repair, genes reducing the impact of oxidative stress/cellular repair, and transcriptional regulation. This work confirmed LCORL and NCAPG gene regions in previous studies associated with body size on Equine Chromosome Autosome 3 (ECA3). On the same ECA3, a region implicating genes linked to coat colour was identified, also previously related to heat stress. Regions with genes coding heat shock proteins were found on ECA1 and 2, and many candidate genes for oxidation-reduction which are a natural response to heat stress. However, a larger sample size and whole-genome SNPs are needed to understand better and identify new candidate regions as well as their functional relation with heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Assis de Faria
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Instituto Central de Ciências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago do Prado Paim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Dos Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Samuel Rezende Paiva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bchara Nogueira
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Instituto Central de Ciências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genetic Variability Trend of Lusitano Horse Breed Reared in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010098. [PMID: 35011204 PMCID: PMC8749805 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lusitano Horse (LH) originates from Portugal, but is reared worldwide. Since 1994, the University of Milan has routinely tested the LHs bred in Italy for parentage control. This study aims to assess the genetic variability of the LH reared in Italy using 16 microsatellites markers. Moreover, the genetic variability changes over the years in the total population (n.384) and in unrelated horses (n.47) were evaluated. Horses were grouped according to their date of birth (1975–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010, 2010–2019). Standard genetic diversity parameters, including observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE; P-Val), allelic richness, and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) were estimated. In the whole period, the total population showed Ho as high as 0.69, low Fis (0.057), and imbalance for HWE. When considering the unrelated horses, Ho was seen to increase over time (from 0.594 in 1975–1990 to 0.68 in 2010–2019) and frequencies were in HWE, again having low and decreasing values of Fis (from 0.208 in 1975–1990 to 0.019 in 2010–2019). Bottleneck analysis excluded a recent population decline. Principal Coordinate Analysis at the individual level defined two clusters, the major cluster including all the most recent horses. An increasing number of dams (156% more from 2001–2010 to 2011–2019) supports the good variability recorded in the population so far. However, the high number of foals (77.2%) sired by only four stallions in recent years suggests caution in the choice of the sires for the future.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mota SL, Dos Santos LO, Vidaletti MR, Rodrigues RO, Coppola MDM, Mayer FQ. Antimicrobial Resistance of Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus Isolated From Healthy Crioulo Horses and Associated Risk Factors. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 107:103779. [PMID: 34802621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern that must be addressed from a one health perspective. Horses are companion animals and their contact with humans facilitates exchange of resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate AMR of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS), including Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from healthy Crioulo horses. Swab samples from nostrils (n = 214) and skin (n = 107) of 107 horses from Porto Alegre, South Brazil, were used for CoPS isolation. The isolates were evaluated for AMR and a multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the risk factors associated to this outcome, using information on horses' management and installations where they were maintained. A total of 143 CoPS were isolated from 79 horses (73.8%), of which 8 (5.6%) were S. aureus. The isolates showed resistance to seven of 10 tested antimicrobials and 38.5% (55/143) of them were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. One isolate (0.7%; 1/143) was classified as multidrug-resistant. Regarding S. aureus, 62.5 % (5/8) showed AMR, but none were methicillin-resistant. The risk factors associated with CoPS' antimicrobial resistance were lower frequency of bed changing (OR = 6.40; P = .001) and nonaccumulation of bed materials (OR = 3.47; P = .002). The results point that healthy horses have antimicrobial-resistant CoPS and S. aureus in their microbiota, which may be of concern for animal and human health. Moreover, bed management was associated with AMR, which can serve as a guide for best practices to be adopted to avoid the occurrence of resistant bacteria in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lopes Mota
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lays Oliveira Dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Roth Vidaletti
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mario de Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fine-scale genetic diversity of the Brazilian Pantaneiro horse breed adapted to flooded regions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:525. [PMID: 34709458 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the animal species first introduced in Brazil during the country's discovery, horses (Equus caballus) stand out because of their evolutionary history and relationship with humans. Among the Brazilian horse breeds, the Pantaneiro draws attention due to its adaptative traits. Blood samples of 116 Pantaneiro horses were divided into six populations based on their sampling location, aiming to identify the existence of genetic structure and quantify genetic diversity within and between them. Populations were compared to elucidate genetic variability and differentiation better and assess the impact of Pantanal's natural geographic barriers on gene flow between populations. Data from the GGP Equine BeadChip (Geneseek-Neogen, 65.157 SNPs) was used to assess basic diversity parameters, genetic distance (FST), principal component analysis (PCA), and population structure (ADMIXTURE) for the sampled animals. Mantel test was also performed to investigate the correlation between the populations' genetic and geographic distances. Results showed high genetic variability in all populations, with elevated levels of admixture in their structure. High levels of admixture make it challenging to establish a racial pattern and, consequently, populations within the breed, being that only one of the populations differentiated itself from the others. No significant correlations between genetic and geographic distances were observed, indicating that environmental barriers did not hinder gene flow between populations, and neither farmers' selection practices might have change breed genetic composition significantly. Low genetic distance and similar heterozygosity values were observed among populations, suggesting strong genetic proximity and low differentiation. Thereby, the Pantaneiro breed does not exhibit genetic subpopulations and could be considered, for conservation purposes, a single big population in the Panatnal region. This study will support sampling strategies for National genebank.
Collapse
|
11
|
Revidatti MA, Gama LT, Martin Burriel I, Cortés Gardyn O, Cappello Villada JS, Carolino MI, Cañón FJ, Ginja C, Sponenberg P, Vicente AP, Zaragoza P, Delgado JV, Martínez A. On the origins of American Criollo pigs: A common genetic background with a lasting Iberian signature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251879. [PMID: 34014971 PMCID: PMC8136715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
American Criollo pigs are thought to descend mainly from those imported from the Iberian Peninsula starting in the late 15th century. Criollo pigs subsequently expanded throughout the Americas, adapting to very diverse environments, and possibly receiving influences from other origins. With the intensification of agriculture in the mid-20th century, cosmopolitan breeds largely replaced Criollo pigs, and the few remaining are mostly maintained by rural communities in marginal areas where they still play an important socio-economic and cultural role. In this study, we used 24 microsatellite markers in samples from 1715 pigs representing 46 breeds with worldwide distribution, including 17 American Criollo breeds, with the major focus of investigating their genetic diversity, structure and breed relationships. We also included representatives of the Iberian, Local British, Hungarian, Chinese and Commercial breeds, as well as Wild Boar, in order to investigate their possible influence in the genetic composition of Criollos. Our results show that, when compared with the other breeds, Criollo pigs present higher levels of genetic diversity, both in terms of allelic diversity and expected heterozygosity. The various analyses indicate that breed differentiation overall explains nearly 21% of the total genetic diversity. Criollo breeds showed their own identity and shared a common genetic background, tending to cluster together in various analyses, even though they differ from each other. A close relationship of Criollos with Iberian breeds was revealed by all the different analyses, and the contribution of Iberian breeds, particularly of the Celtic breeds, is still present in various Criollo breeds. No influence of Chinese breeds was detected on Criollos, but a few were influenced by Commercial breeds or by wild pigs. Our results confirm the uniqueness of American Criollo pigs and the role that Iberian breeds have played in their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Revidatti
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Luis T. Gama
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research for Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Martin Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Oscar Cortés Gardyn
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Sebastian Cappello Villada
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Inés Carolino
- Instituto Nacional Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Ginja
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Philip Sponenberg
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio P. Vicente
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Microevolution operating in domestic animals: evidence from the Colombian Paso horses. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Neumann C, Čítek J, Janošíková M, Doležalová J, Starostová L, Stupka R. Effects of horse age and the number of riders on equine competitive performance. J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Santos Alves J, da Silva Anjos M, Silva Bastos M, Sarmento Martins de Oliveira L, Pereira Pinto Oliveira I, Batista Pinto LF, Albano de Araújo de Oliveira C, Bermal Costa R, Miguel Ferreira de Camargo G. Variability analyses of the maternal lineage of horses and donkeys. Gene 2020; 769:145231. [PMID: 33065240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Equid breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are believed to have genetically contributed to the formation of breeds and ecotypes from Brazil. The country has numerous breeds and ecotypes of horses and donkeys but there are no extensive studies on maternal genetic diversity and their origins. This study reports the results of the first genetic analysis of all horse and donkey breeds/ecotypes from Brazil based on sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) whose main objective was to characterize the genetic variation in these animals. These analyses will contribute to the understanding of the current population structure and diversity of breeds/ecotypes of horses and donkeys raised in the Brazil. We analyzed 310 D-loop sequences representing 41 breeds/ecotypes of Equus caballus and Equus asinus, including 14 native horse breeds/ecotypes, 3 native donkey breeds/ecotypes and 24 cosmopolite horse breeds. The results revealed that the breeds are well structured genetically and that they comprise different groups. A total of 80 and 14 haplotypes were identified for horses and donkeys, respectively. Most of the horse mtDNA haplotypes were shared by many breeds, whereas donkey mtDNA haplotypes seemed to be more group-especif. Some groups presented a low intrabreed distance and/or a low haplotype/nucleotide diversity such as Lavradeiro, Crioulo, Piquira and Percheron horses and Brazilian donkey. Thus, specific actions must be designed for each population. The different levels of genetic diversity provided important information for conservation resource management of adapted groups as well as for mating orientation of breed associations. Some autochthonous ecotypes require attention because of their low genetic variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Santos Alves
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcia da Silva Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução da UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marisa Silva Bastos
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Svishcheva G, Babayan O, Lkhasaranov B, Tsendsuren A, Abdurasulov A, Stolpovsky Y. Microsatellite Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships among East Eurasian Bos taurus Breeds with an Emphasis on Rare and Ancient Local Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1493. [PMID: 32846979 PMCID: PMC7552156 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genetic analysis of 18 population samples of animals, which were taken from cattle (Bos taurus) breeds of European and Asian origins. The main strength of our study is the use of rare and ancient native cattle breeds: the Altai, Ukrainian Grey, Tagil, and Buryat ones. The cattle samples studied have different production purposes, belong to various eco-geographic regions, and consequently have distinct farming conditions. In order to clarify the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and historical origin of the studied breeds, we carried out an analysis of the genetic variation of 14 high-variability microsatellite loci at 1168 genotyped animals. High levels of heterozygosity and allelic richness were identified in four of the ancient local breeds, namely the Kalmyk, Tagil, Kyrgyz native, and Buryat breeds. The greatest phylogenetic distances from a common ancestor were observed for the Yakut and Ukrainian Grey breeds, while the Tagil breed showed the smallest difference. By using clustering approaches, we found that the Altai cattle is genetically close to the Kyrgyz one. Moreover, both the Altai and Kyrgyz breeds exposed genetic divergences from other representatives of the Turano-Mongolian type and genetic relationships with the Brown Swiss and Kostroma breeds. This phenomenon can be explained by the extensive use of the Brown Swiss and Kostroma breeds in the breeding and improvement processes for the Kyrgyz breeds, which have been involved in the process of keeping the Altai cattle. Our results can be valuable for conservation and management purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Svishcheva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Babayan
- Gordiz Ltd., Skolkovo Innovation Centre, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ariuntuul Tsendsuren
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, The Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia
| | - Abdugani Abdurasulov
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Osh State University, 723500 Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yurii Stolpovsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Funk SM, Guedaoura S, Juras R, Raziq A, Landolsi F, Luís C, Martínez AM, Musa Mayaki A, Mujica F, Oom MDM, Ouragh L, Stranger Y, Vega‐Pla JL, Cothran EG. Major inconsistencies of inferred population genetic structure estimated in a large set of domestic horse breeds using microsatellites. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4261-4279. [PMID: 32489595 PMCID: PMC7246218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
STRUCTURE remains the most applied software aimed at recovering the true, but unknown, population structure from microsatellite or other genetic markers. About 30% of structure-based studies could not be reproduced (Molecular Ecology, 21, 2012, 4925). Here we use a large set of data from 2,323 horses from 93 domestic breeds plus the Przewalski horse, typed at 15 microsatellites, to evaluate how program settings impact the estimation of the optimal number of population clusters K opt that best describe the observed data. Domestic horses are suited as a test case as there is extensive background knowledge on the history of many breeds and extensive phylogenetic analyses. Different methods based on different genetic assumptions and statistical procedures (dapc, flock, PCoA, and structure with different run scenarios) all revealed general, broad-scale breed relationships that largely reflect known breed histories but diverged how they characterized small-scale patterns. structure failed to consistently identify K opt using the most widespread approach, the ΔK method, despite very large numbers of MCMC iterations (3,000,000) and replicates (100). The interpretation of breed structure over increasing numbers of K, without assuming a K opt, was consistent with known breed histories. The over-reliance on K opt should be replaced by a qualitative description of clustering over increasing K, which is scientifically more honest and has the advantage of being much faster and less computer intensive as lower numbers of MCMC iterations and repetitions suffice for stable results. Very large data sets are highly challenging for cluster analyses, especially when populations with complex genetic histories are investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Michael Funk
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación CientíficaUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChile
- Nature HeritageSt. LawrenceUK
| | - Sonya Guedaoura
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la VieUniversité d'El‐TarfEl‐TarfAlgeria
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCCanada
| | - Rytis Juras
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Absul Raziq
- Society of Veterinary, Environment and Agriculture Scientists (SAVES)QuettaPakistan
| | | | - Cristina Luís
- Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia (CIUHCT)Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | | | | | - Fernando Mujica
- Instituto de Producción AnimalUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Maria do Mar Oom
- CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | | | | | - Jose Luis Vega‐Pla
- Laboratorio de Investigación AplicadaCrıa Caballar de las Fuerzas ArmadasCordobaSpain
| | - Ernest Gus Cothran
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Organization and Management of Conservation Programs and Research in Domestic Animal Genetic Resources. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Creating national committees for domestic animal genetic resources within genetic resource national commissions is recommended to organize in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. In situ conservation is a high priority because it retains traditional zootechnical contexts and locations to ensure the long-term survival of breeds. In situ actions can be based on subsidies, technical support, structure creation, or trademark definition. Provisional or permanent relocation of breeds may prevent immediate extinction when catastrophes, epizootics, or social conflicts compromise in situ conservation. Ex situ in vivo (animal preservation in rescue or quarantine centers) and in vitro methods (germplasm, tissues/cells, DNA/genes storage) are also potential options. Alert systems must detect emergencies and summon the national committee to implement appropriate procedures. Ex situ coordinated centers must be prepared to permanently or provisionally receive extremely endangered collections. National germplasm banks must maintain sufficient samples of national breeds (duplicated) in their collections to restore extinct populations at levels that guarantee the survival of biodiversity. A conservation management survey, describing national and international governmental and non-governmental structures, was developed. Conservation research initiatives for international domestic animal genetic resources from consortia centralize the efforts of studies on molecular, genomic or geo-evolutionary breed characterization, breed distinction, and functional gene identification. Several consortia also consider ex situ conservation relying on socioeconomic or cultural aspects. The CONBIAND network (Conservation for the Biodiversity of Local Domestic Animals for Sustainable Rural Development) exemplifies conservation efficiency maximization in a low-funding setting, integrating several Latin American consortia with international cooperation where limited human, material, and economic resources are available.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodrigues JA, Gonçalves AR, Antunes L, Bettencourt EV, Gama LT. Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Gestation Length in Lusitano Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102850. [PMID: 31864463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Breeding and parturition records collected over a period of 35 years in the Alter Real stud of Lusitano horses were used to calculate gestation length (GL). The 1027 gestations by 209 mares mated to 60 stallions had a mean GL of 338.1 ± 9.26 days. The mixed model analysis of variance indicated that the sex of the foal and inbreeding of the dam and foal had no significant effect on GL (P > .05). On the other hand, GL increased linearly with mare age, with an estimated regression coefficient of 0.155 ± 0.069 days/year (P < .05). Year and conception month affected GL (P < .05), with longer gestations observed when breeding occurred between January and April, followed by a decline of about 5 and 10 days in GL of mares bred in May and in June-July, respectively. Important differences were observed between stallions (P < .05), with most stallions resulting in a distribution of GL in an interval of ±5 days. The inclusion of the mare as a random effect in the mixed model resulted in an estimated repeatability of GL of 0.427, indicating that mares tend to be regular in having long or short gestations across their lifetime. Variance components estimated in an Animal Model resulted in heritability estimates of 0.39 for maternal genetic effects and 0.19 for direct genetic effects, with no association between the two components. Overall, the mare seems to have the major genetic influence on GL in Lusitano horses, but environmental factors, such as month of conception and also the age of the mare, have a noticeable effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana A Rodrigues
- CIISA - Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Gonçalves
- Veterinary Medicine Department, ICAAM - Mediterranean Environment and Agrarian Sciences Institute, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Veterinary Medicine Department, ICAAM - Mediterranean Environment and Agrarian Sciences Institute, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elisa V Bettencourt
- Veterinary Medicine Department, ICAAM - Mediterranean Environment and Agrarian Sciences Institute, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Luis T Gama
- CIISA - Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dorji J, Tamang S, Tshewang T, Dorji T, Dorji TY. Genetic diversity and population structure of three traditional horse breeds of Bhutan based on 29 DNA microsatellite markers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199376. [PMID: 29949614 PMCID: PMC6021118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic variability and population structure of three Bhutanese traditional horse breeds were assessed through genotyping of 74 horses (Boeta 25, Sharta 14 and Yuta 35) for 29 microsatellite DNA loci. Altogether, 282 alleles were detected across 29 polymorphic loci. The allelic diversity (NE) (Boeta 4.94; Sharta 4.65; Yuta 5.30) and gene diversities (HE) (Boeta 0.78; Sharta 0.77; Yuta 0.79) were high. None of the breeds deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no sign of significant population bottleneck for all the breeds. The inbreeding estimates (FIS) of the breeds were low (Boeta 0.023; Sharta 0.001; Yuta 0.021). Analysis of molecular variance showed 0.6% of the total genetic variation among breeds, 1.9% among individuals and 97.5% within individuals. The global FIT, FST, and FIS estimates for the population were 0.025, 0.006 and 0.019 respectively. The analysis of population structure failed to distinguish subpopulations in traditional horses and this was supported by a high genetic exchange among the breeds. Overall, the results of this study suggest a rich genetic diversity in the traditional horse despite a very low genetic differentiation among the breeds in Bhutan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonam Tamang
- National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tshewang Tshewang
- National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tshering Dorji
- National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tashi Yangzome Dorji
- National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
López-Correa RD, Peñagaricano F, Rovere G, Urioste JI. Genetic parameter estimation for long endurance trials in the Uruguayan Criollo horse. J Anim Breed Genet 2018; 135:186-193. [PMID: 29732622 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of performance in a 750-km, 15-day ride in Criollo horses. Heritability (h2 ) and maternal lineage effects (mt2 ) were obtained for rank, a relative placing measure of performance. Additive genetic and maternal lineage (rmt) correlations among five medium-to-high intensity phase ranks (pRK) and final rank (RK) were also estimated. Individual records from 1,236 Criollo horses from 1979 to 2012 were used. A multivariate threshold animal model was applied to the pRK and RK. Heritability was moderate to low (0.156-0.275). Estimates of mt2 were consistently low (0.04-0.06). Additive genetic correlations between individual pRK and RK were high (0.801-0.924), and the genetic correlations between individual pRKs ranged from 0.763 to 0.847. The pRK heritabilities revealed that some phases were explained by a greater additive component, whereas others showed stronger genetic relationships with RK. Thus, not all pRK may be considered as similar measures of performance in competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D López-Correa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento Genética y Mejoramiento Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - G Rovere
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.,Department of Animal Science/Epidemiology & Biostatistic, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - J I Urioste
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ianella P, Albuquerque MDSM, Paiva SR, Egito AAD, Almeida LD, Sereno FTPS, Carvalho LFR, Mariante ADS, McManus CM. D-loop haplotype diversity in Brazilian horse breeds. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:604-609. [PMID: 28863209 PMCID: PMC5596364 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The first horses were brought to Brazil by the colonizers after 1534. Over the centuries, these animals evolved and adapted to local environmental conditions usually unsuitable for exotic breeds, thereby originating locally adapted Brazilian breeds. The present work represents the first description of maternal genetic diversity in these horse breeds based on D-loop sequences. A D-Loop HSV-I fragment of 252 bp, from 141 horses belonging to ten Brazilian breeds / genetic groups (locally adapted and specialized breeds) were analysed. Thirty-five different haplotypes belonging to 18 haplogroups were identified with 33 polymorphic sites. Haplotype diversity (varying from 0.20 to 0.96) and nucleotide diversity (varying from 0.0039 to 0.0239) was lower for locally adapted than for specialized breeds, with the same pattern observed for FST values. Haplogroups identified in Brazilian breeds are in agreement with previous findings in South American samples. The low variability observed mainly in locally adapted breeds, indicates that, to ensure conservation of these breeds, careful reproductive management is needed. Additional genetic characterization studies are required to support accurate decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ianella
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Rezende Paiva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana T P S Sereno
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Concepta Margaret McManus
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|