1
|
Delsol N, Stucky BJ, Oswald JA, Reitz EJ, Emery KF, Guralnick R. Analysis of the earliest complete mtDNA genome of a Caribbean colonial horse (Equus caballus) from 16th-century Haiti. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270600. [PMID: 35895670 PMCID: PMC9328532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other European domesticates introduced in the Americas after the European invasion, equids (Equidae) were previously in the Western Hemisphere but were extinct by the late Holocene era. The return of equids to the Americas through the introduction of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) is documented in the historical literature but is not explored fully either archaeologically or genetically. Historical documents suggest that the first domestic horses were brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caribbean in the late 15th century CE, but archaeological remains of these early introductions are rare. This paper presents the mitochondrial genome of a late 16th century horse from the Spanish colonial site of Puerto Real (northern Haiti). It represents the earliest complete mitogenome of a post-Columbian domestic horse in the Western Hemisphere offering a unique opportunity to clarify the phylogeographic history of this species in the Americas. Our data supports the hypothesis of an Iberian origin for this early translocated individual and clarifies its phylogenetic relationship with modern breeds in the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delsol
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian J. Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Reitz
- Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kitty F. Emery
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Downes DP, Collins JHP, Lama B, Zeng H, Nguyen T, Keller G, Febo M, Long JR. Characterization of Brain Metabolism by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:216-230. [PMID: 30536696 PMCID: PMC6501841 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive, quantitative ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize small molecule metabolites has long been recognized as a major strength of its application in biology. Numerous techniques exist for characterizing metabolism in living, excised, or extracted tissue, with a particular focus on 1 H-based methods due to the high sensitivity and natural abundance of protons. With the increasing use of high magnetic fields, the utility of in vivo 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has markedly improved for measuring specific metabolite concentrations in biological tissues. Higher fields, coupled with recent developments in hyperpolarization, also enable techniques for complimenting 1 H measurements with spectroscopy of other nuclei, such as 31 P and 13 C, and for combining measurements of metabolite pools with metabolic flux measurements. We compare ex vivo and in vivo methods for studying metabolism in the brain using NMR and highlight insights gained through using higher magnetic fields, the advent of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, and combining in vivo MRS and ex vivo NMR approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Downes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - James H P Collins
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
| | - Bimala Lama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0215, United States
| | - Huadong Zeng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - Gabrielle Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Box 100256, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0256, United States
| | - Joanna R Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0245, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Box 100015, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0015, United States
| |
Collapse
|