1
|
Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM, De Potter TJR, Dwight J, Guasti L, Hanke T, Jaarsma T, Lettino M, Løchen ML, Lumbers RT, Maesen B, Mølgaard I, Rosano GMC, Sanders P, Schnabel RB, Suwalski P, Svennberg E, Tamargo J, Tica O, Traykov V, Tzeis S, Kotecha D. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2024:ehae176. [PMID: 39210723 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
|
2
|
Palaiodimou L, Theodorou A, Triantafyllou S, Dilaveris P, Flevari P, Giannopoulos G, Kossyvakis C, Adreanides E, Tympas K, Nikolopoulos P, Zompola C, Bakola E, Chondrogianni M, Magiorkinis G, Deftereos S, Giannopoulos S, Tsioufis K, Filippatos G, Tsivgoulis G. Performance of Different Risk Scores for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:454-462. [PMID: 38174570 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent underlying cause of cryptogenic stroke (CS) and its detection can be increased using implantable cardiac monitoring (ICM). We sought to evaluate different risk scores and assess their diagnostic ability in identifying patients with CS with underlying AF on ICM. METHODS Patients with CS, being admitted to a single tertiary stroke center between 2017 and 2022 and receiving ICM, were prospectively evaluated. The CHA2DS2-VASc, HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C2HEST scores were calculated at baseline. The primary outcome of interest was the detection of AF, which was defined as at least 1 AF episode on ICM lasting for 2 consecutive minutes or more. The diagnostic accuracy measures and the net reclassification improvement were calculated for the 4 risk scores. Stroke recurrence was evaluated as a secondary outcome. RESULTS A total of 250 patients with CS were included, and AF was detected by ICM in 20.4% (n=51) during a median monitoring period of 16 months. Patients with CS with AF detection were older compared with the rest (P=0.045). The median HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C2HEST scores were higher among the patients with AF compared with the patients without AF (all P<0.05), while the median CHA2DS2-VASc score was similar between the 2 groups. The corresponding C statistics for CHA2DS2-VASc, HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C2HEST for AF prediction were 0.576 (95% CI, 0.482-0.670), 0.612 (95% CI, 0.523-0.700), 0.666 (95% CI, 0.587-0.746), and 0.770 (95% CI, 0.699-0.839). The C2HEST score presented the highest diagnostic performance based on C statistics (P<0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons) and provided significant improvement in net reclassification for AF detection (>70%) compared with the other risk scores. Finally, stroke recurrence was documented in 5.6% of the study population, with no difference regarding the 4 risk scores between patients with and without recurrent stroke. CONCLUSIONS The C2HEST score was superior to the CHA2DS2-VASc, HAVOC, and Brown ESUS-AF scores for discriminating patients with CS with underlying AF using ICM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis Triantafyllou
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School (P.D., K. Tsioufis), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Flevari
- Second Department of Cardiology (P.F., K. Tympas, P.N., S.D., G.F.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charalampos Kossyvakis
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Athens "Georgios Gennimatas," Greece (C.K.)
| | - Elias Adreanides
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Institution Military Shareholder Fund, Athens, Greece (E.A.)
| | - Konstantinos Tympas
- Second Department of Cardiology (P.F., K. Tympas, P.N., S.D., G.F.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Nikolopoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology (P.F., K. Tympas, P.N., S.D., G.F.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Bakola
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chondrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School (G.M.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Deftereos
- Second Department of Cardiology (P.F., K. Tympas, P.N., S.D., G.F.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens Medical School (P.D., K. Tsioufis), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Second Department of Cardiology (P.F., K. Tympas, P.N., S.D., G.F.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology (L.P., A.T., S.T., C.Z., E.B., M.C., S.G., G.T.), Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, da Silva B, Yang C, Ma C, Li J, Liu C. AutoMLP: A Framework for the Acceleration of Multi-Layer Perceptron Models on FPGAs for Real-Time Atrial Fibrillation Disease Detection. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023; 17:1371-1386. [PMID: 37494158 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3299084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, and atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that affects many people. Detecting AF in real-time using hardware acceleration can prompt timely medical intervention. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) has demonstrated the ability to detect AF accurately. However, implementing MLP on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for real-time detection poses challenges due to the complex hardware design requirements. This study presents a novel framework for generating hardware accelerators to detect AF in real-time using MLP on FPGA. The framework automates evaluating MLP model topology, data type, and bit-widths to generate parallel acceleration. The generated solutions are evaluated using two AF datasets, PhysioNet MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation (AFDB) and China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 (CPSC2018), regarding execution time, resource utilization, and accuracy. The evaluation results demonstrate that the hardware MLP can achieve a speedup higher than 1500× and around 25000× lower energy consumption than an embedded CPU. These satisfactory results prove the framework's suitability and convenience for the online detection of AF in an accelerated and automatic way through FPGA hardware implementation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeijen VJM, Theuns DA, Feyz L, Saville KA, Bhagwandien R, Kardys I, Van Mieghem NM, Daemen J. Long-term safety and efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation in atrial fibrillation: 3-year results of the AFFORD study. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1766-1777. [PMID: 37231258 PMCID: PMC10697905 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia which has been associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity and hypertension. Recent evidence indicated that renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) could safely contribute to an improvement in AF burden. OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of radiofrequency RDN in hypertensive patients with symptomatic AF. METHODS This pilot study included patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF (European Hearth Rhythm Association class ≥ II) despite optimal medical therapy, office systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 2 antihypertensive drugs. AF burden was measured using an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), implanted 3 months prior to RDN. ICM interrogation and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring were performed at baseline and at 3/6/12/24/36 months post RDN. The primary efficacy outcome was daily AF burden. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson and negative binomial models. RESULTS A total of 20 patients with a median age [25th-75th percentiles] of 66.2 [61.2-70.8] years (55% female) were included. At baseline, office BP ± standard deviation (SD) was 153.8/87.5 ± 15.2/10.4 mmHg, while mean 24-h ambulatory BP was 129.5/77.3 ± 15.5/9.3 mmHg. Baseline daily AF burden was 1.4 [0.0-10.9] minutes/day and throughout a 3-year follow-up period, no significant change was observed (- 15.4%/year; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 50.2%, + 43.7%; p = 0.54). The number of defined daily doses of antiarrhythmic drugs and antihypertensive drugs remained stable over time, while mean 24-h ambulatory systolic BP decreased with - 2.2 (95% CI - 3.9, - 0.6; p = 0.01) mmHg/year. CONCLUSIONS In patients with hypertension and symptomatic AF, stand-alone RDN reduced BP but did not significantly reduce AF burden up until 3 years of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J M Zeijen
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic A Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lida Feyz
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari A Saville
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Bhagwandien
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Daemen
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg-628, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quartieri F, Harish M, Calò L, Ebrahim I, Fusco A, Mester S, Cauti F, Park SJ, Francia P, Giovagnoni M, Adragao P, Vezi B, Lin W, Hutson CS, Grammatico A. New insertable cardiac monitors show high diagnostic yield and good safety profile in real-world clinical practice: results from the international prospective observational SMART Registry. Europace 2023; 25:euad068. [PMID: 36935638 PMCID: PMC10227665 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are indicated for long-term monitoring of unexplained syncope or palpitations, and for detection of bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and/or atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and clinical value associated with a new generation ICM (Confirm Rx™, Abbott, Illinois, USA), featuring a new remote monitoring system based on smartphone patient applications. METHODS AND RESULTS The SMART Registry is an international prospective observational study. The main endpoints were ICM safety (incidence of serious adverse device and procedure-related events (SADEs) at 1 month), ICM clinical value (incidence of device-detected true arrhythmias and of clinical diagnoses and interventions), and patient-reported experience measurements (PREMs). A total of 1400 subjects were enrolled. ICM indications included syncope (49.1%), AF (18.8%), unexplained palpitations (13.6%), risk of ventricular arrhythmia (6.6%), and cryptogenic stroke (6.0%). Freedom from SADEs at 1 month was 99.4% (95% Confidence Interval: 98.8-99.7%). In the 6-month monitoring period, the ICM detected true cardiac arrhythmias in 45.7% of patients and led to clinical interventions in a relevant proportion of patients; in particular, a pacemaker implant was performed after bradycardia detection in 8.9% of subjects who received an ICM for syncope and oral anticoagulation therapy was indicated after AF detection in 15.7% of subjects with cryptogenic stroke. PREMs showed that 78.2% of subjects were satisfied with the remote monitoring patient app. CONCLUSION The evaluated ICM is associated with an excellent safety profile and high diagnostic yield. Patients reported positive experiences associated with the use of their smartphone for the device remote monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Quartieri
- Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Viale Risorgimento, 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manyam Harish
- Erlanger Medical Center, 975 E 3rd St, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Leonardo Calò
- Policlinico Casilino, Via Casilina, 1049, 00169 Roma, Italy
| | - Iftikhar Ebrahim
- Netcare Unitas Hospital, 866 Clifton Ave, Die Hoewes, Centurion, 0163, South Africa
| | - Antonio Fusco
- Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Via Monte Baldo 24, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, VeronaItaly
| | - Stephen Mester
- Bay Area Cardiology Associates, 635 Eichenfeld Dr, Brandon, FL 33511, USA
| | - Filippo Cauti
- Ospedale S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli, Via di Ponte Quattro Capi 39, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pietro Francia
- Ospedale S. Andrea, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giovagnoni
- Casa Di Cura Citta di Aprilia, Via delle Palme, 25, 04011 Aprilia, Italy
| | - Pedro Adragao
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790, 134 Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian Vezi
- Busamed Gateway Private Hospital, 36-38 Aurora Dr, Umhlanga Rocks, Umhlanga 4319, South Africa
| | - Wenjiao Lin
- Abbott, 15900 Valley View Ct, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Artificial intelligence augments detection accuracy of cardiac insertable cardiac monitors: Results from a pilot prospective observational study. CARDIOVASCULAR DIGITAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2022; 3:201-211. [PMID: 36310681 PMCID: PMC9596320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2022.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are indicated for long-term monitoring of patients with unexplained syncope or who are at risk for cardiac arrhythmias. The volume of ICM-transmitted information may result in long data review times to identify true and clinically relevant arrhythmias. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) may improve ICM detection accuracy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients implanted with the Confirm RxTM ICM (Abbott) and followed in a prospective observational study. This device continuously monitors subcutaneous electrocardiograms (SECGs) and transmits to clinicians information about detected arrhythmias and patient-activated symptomatic episodes. All SECGs were classified by expert electrophysiologists and by the WillemTM AI algorithm (IDOVEN). Results During mean follow-up of 23 months, of 20 ICM patients (mean age 68 ± 12 years; 50% women), 19 had 2261 SECGs recordings associated with cardiac arrhythmia detections or patient symptoms. True arrhythmias occurred in 11 patients: asystoles in 2, bradycardias in 3, ventricular tachycardias in 4, and atrial tachyarrhythmias (atrial tachycardia/atrial fibrillation [AT/AF]) in 10; with 6 patients having >1 arrhythmia type. AI algorithm overall accuracy for arrhythmia classification was 95.4%, with 97.19% sensitivity, 94.52% specificity, 89.74% positive predictive value, and 98.55% negative predictive value. Application of AI would have reduced the number of false-positive results by 98.0% overall: 94.0% for AT/AF, 87.5% for ventricular tachycardia, 99.5% for bradycardia, and 98.8% for asystole. Conclusion Application of AI to ICM-detected episodes is associated with high classification accuracy and may significantly reduce health care staff workload by triaging ICM data.
Collapse
|
7
|
Impact of device length on electrogram sensing in miniaturized insertable cardiac monitors. J Electrocardiol 2022; 73:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Assaf A, Theuns DAMJ, Sakhi R, Bhagwandien RE, Szili-Torok T, Yap SC. Accuracy of atrial fibrillation detection by an insertable cardiac monitor in patients undergoing catheter ablation: Results of the BioVAD study. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2022; 27:e12960. [PMID: 35481956 PMCID: PMC9107077 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are increasingly used to evaluate the atrial fibrillation (AF) burden after catheter ablation of AF. BioMonitor III (BM3) is an ICM with a long sensing vector, which enhances sensing capabilities. The AF detection algorithm of the BM3 is based on R-R interval variability. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the AF detection algorithm of BM3 in patients before and after catheter ablation of AF using simultaneous Holter recordings. METHODS In this prospective study, we enrolled patients scheduled for catheter ablation of paroxysmal or persistent AF. After BM3 implantation, patients had a 4 days Holter registration before and 3 months after ablation. All true AF episodes ≥2 min on the Holter were annotated and matched with BM3 detected AF detections. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were enrolled (mean age 60 ± 8, 74% male, 68% paroxysmal AF). Fifty-six Holter registrations were performed in 30 patients. Twelve patients demonstrated at least one true AF episode with a total AF duration of 570 h. The AF burden accuracy of BM3 before catheter ablation was 99.6%, with a duration sensitivity of 98.6% and a duration specificity of 99.9%. The AF burden accuracy of BM3 after catheter ablation was 99.8%, with a duration sensitivity of 90.2% and a duration specificity of 99.9%. Overall, the AF burden detected on the Holter and BM3 demonstrated a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.996. CONCLUSION BM3 accurately detects AF burden in patients before and after catheter ablation of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Assaf
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic A M J Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafi Sakhi
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit E Bhagwandien
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Szili-Torok
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sing-Chien Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guarracini F, Testolina M, Giacopelli D, Martin M, Triglione F, Coser A, Quintarelli S, Bonmassari R, Marini M. Programming Optimization in Implantable Cardiac Monitors to Reduce False-Positive Arrhythmia Alerts: A Call for Research. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040994. [PMID: 35454042 PMCID: PMC9025722 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
No studies have investigated whether optimizing implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) programming can reduce false-positive (FP) alerts. We identified patients implanted with an ICM (BIOMONITOR III) who had more than 10 FP alerts in a 1-month retrospective period. Uniform adjustments of settings were performed based on the mechanism of FP triggers and assessed at 1 month. Eight patients (mean age 57.5 ± 23.2 years; 37% female) were enrolled. In 4 patients, FPs were caused by undersensing of low-amplitude premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). No further false bradycardia was observed with a more aggressive decay of the dynamic sensing threshold. Furthermore, false atrial fibrillation (AF) alerts decreased in 2 of 3 patients. Two patients had undersensing of R waves after high-amplitude PVCs; false bradycardia episodes disappeared or were significantly reduced by limiting the initial value of the sensing threshold. Finally, the presence of atrial ectopic activity or irregular sinus rhythm generated false alerts of AF in 2 patients that were reduced by increasing the R-R variability limit and the confirmation time. In conclusion, adjustments to nominal settings can reduce the number of FP episodes in ICM patients. More research is needed to provide practical recommendations and assess the value of extended ICM programmability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarracini
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-33-9642-4477
| | | | - Daniele Giacopelli
- Clinical Unit, Biotronik Italia, Vimodrone, 20090 Milano, Italy; (D.G.); (F.T.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences & Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Martin
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Triglione
- Clinical Unit, Biotronik Italia, Vimodrone, 20090 Milano, Italy; (D.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Alessio Coser
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Quintarelli
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberto Bonmassari
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Marini
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (S.Q.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wouters F, Gruwez H, Vranken J, Ernon L, Mesotten D, Vandervoort P, Verhaert D. Will Smartphone Applications Replace the Insertable Cardiac Monitor in the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation? The First Comparison in a Case Report of a Cryptogenic Stroke Patient. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839853. [PMID: 35402567 PMCID: PMC8985924 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Case This case report exemplifies the clinical application of non-invasive photoplethysmography (PPG)-based rhythm monitoring in the awakening mobile health (mHealth) era to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in a cryptogenic stroke patient. Despite extensive diagnostic workup, the etiology remains unknown in one out of three ischemic strokes (i.e., cryptogenic stroke). Prolonged cardiac monitoring can reveal asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in up to one-third of this population. This case report describes a cryptogenic stroke patient who received prolonged cardiac monitoring with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) as standard of care. In the context of a clinical study, the patient simultaneously monitored his heart rhythm with a PPG-based smartphone application. AF was detected simultaneously on both the ICM and smartphone application after three days of monitoring. Similar AF burden was detected during follow-up (five episodes, median duration of 28 and 34 h on ICM and mHealth, respectively, p = 0.5). The detection prompted the initiation of oral anticoagulation and AF catheter ablation procedure. Conclusion This is the first report of the cryptogenic stroke patient in whom PPG-based mHealth was able to detect occurrence and burden of the symptomatic and asymptomatic paroxysmal AF episodes with similar precision as ICM. It accentuates the potential role of PPG-based mHealth in prolonged cardiac rhythm monitoring in cryptogenic stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Wouters
- Limburg Clinical Research Center/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Femke Wouters,
| | - Henri Gruwez
- Limburg Clinical Research Center/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Vranken
- Limburg Clinical Research Center/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Ernon
- Department of Neurology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Dieter Mesotten
- Limburg Clinical Research Center/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vandervoort
- Limburg Clinical Research Center/Mobile Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - David Verhaert
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rakhimova I, Semenova Y, Khaibullin T, Kuanysheva A, Kovalchuk V, Abdrakhmanov A. Cryptogenic Stroke and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Risk Factors and Approaches for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e211221199213. [PMID: 34939547 PMCID: PMC9893140 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666211221145714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a problem worldwide because of its high mortality and disability rates. Almost 90% of strokes are ischemic, and more than half of the deaths are caused by an ischemic stroke. Most risk factors for stroke are manageable so that it can be avoided with proper prevention. Despite the success in determining the causes of stroke in recent years, selectively, the "culprit" causing stroke remains unsolved. In such cases, a diagnosis of undetermined etiology (cryptogenic stroke) or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is generated, resulting the prevention of a recurrent cerebrovascular occurrence impossible. Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be a cause of stroke by causing blood clots in the chambers of the heart. PURPOSE The aim was to determine the optimal method of heart rate monitoring in patients with ischemic stroke, as methods and approaches for detecting AF are very diverse, but there is still no single opinion, which would be universal. PROCEDURES In our review, we consider epidemiology, risk factors for the stroke of undetermined etiology, as well as analytical methods for detecting heart rhythm disturbances in this category of patients. FINDINGS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected by thorough monitoring of heart rate of patients with cryptogenic stroke and ESUS can be diagnosed in up to 46% of patients. . CONCLUSION After AF detection, consideration should be given to prescribing anticoagulants, instead of antiplatelet agents, for the secondary prevention of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idaliya Rakhimova
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Khaibullin
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Anargul Kuanysheva
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Vitalii Kovalchuk
- Department of Semashko City Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ayan Abdrakhmanov
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Groot NMS, Shah D, Boyle PM, Anter E, Clifford GD, Deisenhofer I, Deneke T, van Dessel P, Doessel O, Dilaveris P, Heinzel FR, Kapa S, Lambiase PD, Lumens J, Platonov PG, Ngarmukos T, Martinez JP, Sanchez AO, Takahashi Y, Valdigem BP, van der Veen AJ, Vernooy K, Casado-Arroyo Co-Chair R. Critical appraisal of technologies to assess electrical activity during atrial fibrillation: a position paper from the European Heart Rhythm Association and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on eCardiology in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society, Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Latin American Heart Rhythm Society and Computing in Cardiology. Europace 2021; 24:313-330. [PMID: 34878119 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to provide a critical appraisal of basic concepts underlying signal recording and processing technologies applied for (i) atrial fibrillation (AF) mapping to unravel AF mechanisms and/or identifying target sites for AF therapy and (ii) AF detection, to optimize usage of technologies, stimulate research aimed at closing knowledge gaps, and developing ideal AF recording and processing technologies. Recording and processing techniques for assessment of electrical activity during AF essential for diagnosis and guiding ablative therapy including body surface electrocardiograms (ECG) and endo- or epicardial electrograms (EGM) are evaluated. Discussion of (i) differences in uni-, bi-, and multi-polar (omnipolar/Laplacian) recording modes, (ii) impact of recording technologies on EGM morphology, (iii) global or local mapping using various types of EGM involving signal processing techniques including isochronal-, voltage- fractionation-, dipole density-, and rotor mapping, enabling derivation of parameters like atrial rate, entropy, conduction velocity/direction, (iv) value of epicardial and optical mapping, (v) AF detection by cardiac implantable electronic devices containing various detection algorithms applicable to stored EGMs, (vi) contribution of machine learning (ML) to further improvement of signals processing technologies. Recording and processing of EGM (or ECG) are the cornerstones of (body surface) mapping of AF. Currently available AF recording and processing technologies are mainly restricted to specific applications or have technological limitations. Improvements in AF mapping by obtaining highest fidelity source signals (e.g. catheter-electrode combinations) for signal processing (e.g. filtering, digitization, and noise elimination) is of utmost importance. Novel acquisition instruments (multi-polar catheters combined with improved physical modelling and ML techniques) will enable enhanced and automated interpretation of EGM recordings in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasja M S de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Delft University of Technology, Delft the Netherlands
| | - Dipen Shah
- Cardiology Service, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elad Anter
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Isabel Deisenhofer
- Department of Electrophysiology, German Heart Center Munich and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Department of Cardiology, Rhon-klinikum Campus Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Pascal van Dessel
- Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Doessel
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- 1st University Department of Cardiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Joost Lumens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tachapong Ngarmukos
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juan Pablo Martinez
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research/IIS-Aragon and University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, CIBER Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Olaya Sanchez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital San José, Fundacion Universitaia de Ciencas de la Salud, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yoshihide Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruno P Valdigem
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Rede D'or São Luiz, hospital Albert einstein and Dante pazzanese heart institute, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alle-Jan van der Veen
- Department Circuits and Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tilz RR, Shaik N, Piorkowski C, Hu Y, Connolly AT, Reyes IJ, Nabutovsky Y, Fischer A, Ip J. Real-world Adoption of Smartphone-based Remote Monitoring Using the Confirm Rx™ Insertable Cardiac Monitor. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2021; 12:4613-4620. [PMID: 34386274 PMCID: PMC8302208 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2021.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous generations of insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) required a bedside monitor for remote monitoring (RM), the Confirm Rx™ ICM (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) utilizes Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi/cellular technology, and a smart device to connect to the RM system. We aimed to characterize compliance, connectivity, and event transmission timing with the Confirm Rx™ ICM RM system. The study cohort included American patients who received the Confirm Rx™ ICM with SharpSense™ technology within three months of release (May–July 2019). Compliance with RM was quantified as the proportion of patients registering the patient app on their smart device and transmitting at least once. Connectivity was measured as the median number of days between consecutive transmissions per patient. Event transmission time was measured from episode detection to availability on the Merlin.net™ RM system (Abbott). Time from transmission until review by a clinician was examined. Values for device connectivity, episode transmission timing, and clinician view times were reported as median [first quartile, third quartile]. Of 5,666 patients who received a Confirm Rx™ ICM, 97% registered their patient app and 92% transmitted data at least once. Among those utilizing RM (aged 66 ± 15 years; 49% female), connectivity occurred every 1.5 [1.2, 2.4] days, or 4.7 times per week. Patient-reported symptoms were transmitted to Merlin.net™ within 2.9 [2.1, 3.8] minutes of event onset and viewed by the clinician within 0.9 [0.4, 3.1] days, while device-detected episodes without symptoms were transmitted within 18.5 [11.2, 36.5] hours and then viewed within 0.8 [0.3, 2.5] days. This real-world study demonstrated excellent patient compliance with the smartphone-based RM paradigm enabled by Confirm Rx™, suggesting the suitability of this technology for future cardiac implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland R Tilz
- Division of Electrophysiology, Medizinische Klinik II (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin), Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Ip
- Sparrow Cardiovascular Institute, Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang S, Zhao T, Liu C, Qin A, Dong S, Yuan B, Xing W, Guo Z, Huang X, Cha Y, Cao J. Portable Device Improves the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Ablation. Int Heart J 2021; 62:786-791. [PMID: 34276021 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic recurrences of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been found to be common after ablation.A randomized controlled trial of AF screening using a handheld single-lead ECG monitor (BigThumb®) or a traditional follow-up strategy was conducted in patients with non-valvular AF after catheter ablation. Consecutive patients were randomized to either BigThumb Group (BT Group) or Traditional Follow-up Group (TF Group). The ECGs collected via BigThumb were compared using the automated AF detection algorithm, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, and cardiologists' manual review. Subsequent changes in adherence to oral anticoagulation of patients were also recorded. In this study, we examined 218 patients (109 in each group). After a follow-up of 345.4 ± 60.2 days, AF-free survival rate was 64.2% in BT Group and 78.9% in TF Group (P = 0.0163), with more adherence to oral anticoagulation in BT Group (P = 0.0052). The participants in the BT Group recorded 26133 ECGs, among which 3299 (12.6%) were diagnosed as AF by cardiologists' manual review. The sensitivity and specificity of the AI algorithm were 94.4% and 98.5% respectively, which are significantly higher than the automated AF detection algorithm (90.7% and 96.2%).As per our findings, it was determined that follow-up after AF ablation using BigThumb leads to a more frequent detection of AF recurrence and more adherence to oral anticoagulation. AI algorithm improves the accuracy of ECG diagnosis and has the potential to reduce the manual review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songqun Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Teng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Aihong Qin
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Binhang Yuan
- Department of Computer Science, William Marsh Rice University
| | | | - Zhifu Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yongmei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saha S, Perschbacher D, Jones P, Frost K, Sharma A, Mittal S, Richards M. A novel adaptive insertable cardiac monitor algorithm improves the detection of atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia in silico. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2536-2543. [PMID: 34270150 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide a minimally invasive method of continuous monitoring for abnormal heart rhythms. While the benefits of ICMs are clear, current algorithm performance can be improved. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a novel adaptive atrial fibrillation (AF) detection algorithm and separately programmable atrial tachycardia (AT) algorithm. METHODS A dual-stage detect-and-verify AF algorithm and separately programmable AT algorithm were developed. Sensitivity and PPV across a range of settings were determined in silico by comparison with an adjudicated Holter data set (n = 1966 with 229 patient days). Finally, the ability to improve performance through simulated remote programming was assessed. RESULTS The dual-stage algorithm detected AF in all true AF patients (76/76) resulting in a patient-level sensitivity of 100%. Episode-level sensitivity and PPV ranged from 97.6% to 100% and 79.1% to 98.5%, respectively. Thirty-six false-positive episodes were observed and 32 (88.9%) of these were corrected with programming changes. Decoupling of AF and AT durations improved PPV from a range of 10%-22% to a range of 95%-100%. CONCLUSIONS AF and AT algorithms were designed with novel features including an adaptive morphology assessment for AF detection and separately programmable durations for AT detection. In silico performance yielded improved PPVs while maintaining high sensitivity across a range of settings. Importantly, programming changes that may be made remotely with this system reduced false positives. These algorithms allow clinicians to individualize arrhythmia detection settings thereby improving data management and reducing clinic burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunipa Saha
- Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Paul Jones
- Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kate Frost
- Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suneet Mittal
- Electrophysiology & Cardiology, The Valley Hospital, Ridgewood, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark Richards
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, ProMedica Heart Institute, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Turakhia M, Heidbuchel H, Hu Y, Chen LY, Couderc J, Cronin EM, Estep JD, Grieten L, Lane DA, Mehra R, Page A, Passman R, Piccini J, Piotrowicz E, Piotrowicz R, Platonov PG, Ribeiro AL, Rich RE, Russo AM, Slotwiner D, Steinberg JS, Svennberg E. 2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS collaborative statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:271-319. [PMID: 33850572 PMCID: PMC8022003 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health ("mHealth") technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufeng Hu
- Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Page
- University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Luiz Ribeiro
- Faculdade de MedicinaCentro de TelessaúdeHospital das Clínicasand Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | - David Slotwiner
- Cardiology DivisionNewYork‐Presbyterian Queensand School of Health Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Turakhia M, Heidbuchel H, Hu Y, Chen LY, Couderc J, Cronin EM, Estep JD, Grieten L, Lane DA, Mehra R, Page A, Passman R, Piccini J, Piotrowicz E, Piotrowicz R, Platonov PG, Ribeiro AL, Rich RE, Russo AM, Slotwiner D, Steinberg JS, Svennberg E. 2021 ISHNE/ HRS/ EHRA/ APHRS collaborative statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 26:e12795. [PMID: 33513268 PMCID: PMC7935104 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/ Heart Rhythm Society/ European Heart Rhythm Association/ Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health ("mHealth") technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufeng Hu
- Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Page
- University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Luiz Ribeiro
- Faculdade de MedicinaCentro de Telessaúde, Hospital das Clínicas, and Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | - David Slotwiner
- Cardiology DivisionNewYork‐Presbyterian Queens, and School of Health Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Turakhia M, Heidbuchel H, Hu Y, Chen LY, Couderc J, Cronin EM, Estep JD, Grieten L, Lane DA, Mehra R, Page A, Passman R, Piccini J, Piotrowicz E, Piotrowicz R, Platonov PG, Ribeiro AL, Rich RE, Russo AM, Slotwiner D, Steinberg JS, Svennberg E. 2021 ISHNE / HRS / EHRA / APHRS Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology / Heart Rhythm Society / European Heart Rhythm Association / Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2021; 2:7-48. [PMID: 36711170 PMCID: PMC9708018 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology / Heart Rhythm Society / European Heart Rhythm Association / Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health ("mHealth") technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Page
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Luiz Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Telessaúde, Hospital das Clínicas, and Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea M Russo
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - David Slotwiner
- Cardiology Division, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, and School of Health, Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bun SS, Taghji P, Deharo JC. Cardiac events monitoring. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2021; 71:78-85. [PMID: 33642050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac events recorders have been developed in order to record the heart rhythm during symptoms such as palpitations or presyncope, to first make a diagnosis, and subsequently drive the treatment strategy. In other circumstances, they can be also used in asymptomatic patients (to record silent atrial fibrillation for instance). Because they are non-invasive, potentially cost-saving and relatively easy to use, the external rhythm recording devices have shown some great advances in the last years, spreading from photoplethysmographic technique to real ECG reconstruction. Technological advances in the field of microelectronics, as well as in the field of data transmission have contributed to their widespread use in cardiology. The trend for miniaturization was also expanded to the implantable recorders. This paper will review will review advantages and limitations of the different existing available well-established recording devices, as well as the last technological developments in terms of ECG recordings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-S Bun
- Department of Cardiology, Pasteur University Hospital, Nice, France.
| | - P Taghji
- Department of Cardiology, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - J-C Deharo
- Department of Cardiology, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Turakhia MP, Heidbuchel H, Hu YF, Chen LY, Couderc JP, Cronin EM, Estep JD, Grieten L, Lane DA, Mehra R, Page A, Passman R, Piccini JP, Piotrowicz E, Piotrowicz R, Platonov PG, Ribeiro AL, Rich RE, Russo AM, Slotwiner D, Steinberg JS, Svennberg E. 2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Expert Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e009204. [PMID: 33573393 PMCID: PMC7892205 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.009204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mobile health. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mobile health into routine clinical care are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Varma
- Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.V., J.D.E., R.M., R.E.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Feng Hu
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (Y.-F.H.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reena Mehra
- Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.V., J.D.E., R.M., R.E.R.)
| | - Alex Page
- University of Rochester, NY (J.-P.C., A.P., J.S.S.)
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (R. Passman)
| | | | - Ewa Piotrowicz
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (E.P., R. Piotrowicz)
| | | | | | - Antonio Luiz Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Telessaúde, Hospital das Clínicas, and Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (A.L.R.)
| | | | - Andrea M. Russo
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.)
| | - David Slotwiner
- Cardiology Division, New York-Presbyterian Queens, NY (D.S.)
| | | | - Emma Svennberg
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Varma N, Cygankiewicz I, Turakhia MP, Heidbuchel H, Hu Y, Chen LY, Couderc JP, Cronin EM, Estep JD, Grieten L, Lane DA, Mehra R, Page A, Passman R, Piccini JP, Piotrowicz E, Piotrowicz R, Platonov PG, Ribeiro AL, Rich RE, Russo AM, Slotwiner D, Steinberg JS, Svennberg E. 2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. CARDIOVASCULAR DIGITAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2021; 2:4-54. [PMID: 35265889 PMCID: PMC8890358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health ("mHealth") technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACC, American College of Cardiology
- ACS, acute coronary syndrome
- AED, automated external defibrillator
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- AHA, American Heart Association
- AHRE, atrial high-rate episode
- AI, artificial intelligence
- APHRS, Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
- BP, blood pressure
- CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device
- CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- EHR A, European Heart Rhythm Association
- EMR, electronic medical record
- ESUS, embolic stroke of unknown source
- FDA (U.S.), Food and Drug Administration
- GPS, global positioning system
- HCP, healthcare professional
- HF, heart failure
- HR, heart rate
- HRS, Heart Rhythm Society
- ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- ILR, implantable loop recorder
- ISHNE, International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology
- JITAI, just-in-time adaptive intervention
- MCT, mobile cardiac telemetry
- OAC, oral anticoagulant
- PAC, premature atrial complex
- PPG, photoplethysmography
- PVC, premature ventricular complexes
- SCA, sudden cardiac arrest
- TADA, Technology Assissted Dietary Assessment
- VT, ventricular tachycardia
- arrhythmias
- atrial fibrillation
- comorbidities
- digital medicine
- heart rhythm
- mHealth
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Page
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Luiz Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Telessaúde, Hospital das Clínicas, and Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Slotwiner
- Cardiology Division, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, and School of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magnusson P, Mörner S. EvaLuation Using Cardiac Insertable Devices And TelephonE in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ELUCIDATE HCM): A prospective observational study on incidence of arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 32:129-135. [PMID: 33108031 PMCID: PMC7821320 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disease associated with arrhythmias. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death and part of the current risk stratification. Furthermore, atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases the risk of stroke, is believed to be common in HCM patients. Routine ambulatory monitoring captures the rhythm only periodically over 24-48 h; thus, the true burden of arrhythmia is unknown. The insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) should help determine a more realistic arrhythmia assessment in HCM patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to ascertain the incidence of NSVT, AF, and bradycardia in unselected HCM patients by the use of an ICM. METHODS Thirty adults, mean age 49.9 ± 12.3 years, 25 (83.3%) males were implanted with a Confirm Rx ICM. The monitoring application was installed on the patient's smartphone, which allowed for patient activation in case of symptoms. The ICM was programmed as follows: ventricular tachycardia (VT) ≥ 160 beats per minute (bpm) for ≥8 intervals, AF ≥ 2 min of duration, and bradycardia ≤ 40 bpm or pause ≥ 3.0 s. RESULTS The mean calculated 5-year risk was 2.3%, and 29/30 of the patients had a risk <4%. During follow-up, AF was found in nine patients (30.0%). At least one episode of NSVT was detected in seven patients (23.3%). In 13 patients (43.3%), sinoatrial block/sinus arrest/sinus bradycardia were seen. No arrhythmia was detected in nine patients (30.0%). CONCLUSION In this first prospective study using an ICM, the arrhythmia burden in HCM patients yielded 30.0% AF and 23.3% NSVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Magnusson
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Region Gävleborg, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Cardiology Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stellan Mörner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ip J, Jaffe B, Castellani M, Sheikh A, Castellani C, Ip R. Accuracy of arrhythmia detection in implantable cardiac monitors: A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing Reveal LINQ and Confirm Rx. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2020; 43:1344-1350. [PMID: 32969518 PMCID: PMC7756447 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are increasingly used to detect arrhythmias in various clinical situations. However, the data transmission time and accuracy of detecting cardiac arrhythmias are unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of data transmission and arrhythmia detection accuracy of the Reveal LINQ with TruRhythm Detection with the Confirm Rx with SharpSense Technology. METHODS In this prospective study, 142 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Reveal LINQ or Confirm Rx ICM system. Arrhythmic events include atrial fibrillation (AF), pauses, and bradycardia. Data transmission time is defined as the time from event occurrence to physician notification. All the arrhythmic events are adjudicated for accuracy. RESULTS A total of 3510 events were transmitted in 61 patients over 7.1 ± 3.5 months. The transmission time both for all events (448 ± 271 vs 610 ± 515 minutes, P = .02) and for patient activated triggers (24 ± 103 vs 475 ± 426 minutes, P < .0001) was significantly shorter in the Confirm Rx group. The total number of events was also higher in the Confirm Rx group (25.5 ± 45.6 vs 0.9 ± 1.1 events per patient-month, P < .01), which is likely due to event transmission setting differences between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the Confirm Rx group detected true arrhythmic episodes sooner with higher percentage of diagnosed patients during 6-month follow-up (P = .006). Patient-averaged true positive detection rates were not statistically significant in the two groups (Reveal LINQ vs Confirm Rx, AF: 52% vs 38%; bradycardia: 67% vs 59%; pause: 24% vs 20%; tachycardia: 81% vs 94%). CONCLUSION Compared to the Reveal LINQ, Confirm Rx has shorter event transmission time, more frequent event detections, shorter duration to diagnose true arrhythmic events, and higher percentage of diagnosed patients. The accuracy of arrhythmia detection in both ICMs remains suboptimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Ip
- Sparrow Clinical Research Institute, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Brian Jaffe
- Munson Medical Center, Traverse City, Michigan
| | | | - Ali Sheikh
- Sparrow Clinical Research Institute, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Carson Castellani
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Randy Ip
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Triantafyllou S, Katsanos AH, Dilaveris P, Giannopoulos G, Kossyvakis C, Adreanides E, Liantinioti C, Tympas K, Zompola C, Theodorou A, Palaiodimou L, Flevari P, Kosmidou M, Voumvourakis K, Parissis J, Deftereos S, Tsivgoulis G. Implantable Cardiac Monitoring in the Secondary Prevention of Cryptogenic Stroke. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:946-955. [PMID: 32827232 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of implantable cardiac monitoring (ICM) in the prevention of stroke recurrence after a cryptogenic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS We evaluated consecutive patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA admitted in a comprehensive stroke center during an 8-year period. We compared the baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients receiving conventional cardiac monitoring with repeated 24-hour Holter-monitoring during the first 5 years in the outpatient setting and those receiving continuous cardiac monitoring with ICM during the last 3 years. Associations on the outcomes of interest were further assessed in multivariable regression models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We identified a total of 373 patients receiving conventional cardiac monitoring and 123 patients receiving ICM. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) detection was higher in the ICM cohort compared to the conventional cardiac monitoring cohort (21.1% vs 7.5%, p < 0.001). ICM was independently associated with an increased likelihood of PAF detection during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-3.24) in multivariable analyses. Patients receiving ICM were also found to have significantly higher rates of anticoagulation initiation (18.7% vs 6.4%, p < 0.001) and lower risk of stroke recurrence (4.1% vs 11.8%, p = 0.013). ICM was independently associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence during follow-up (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11-0.90) in multivariable analyses. INTERPRETATION ICM appears to be independently associated with a higher likelihood of PAF detection and anticoagulation initiation after a cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA. ICM was also independently related to lower risk of stroke recurrence in our cryptogenic stroke / TIA cohort. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:946-955.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Triantafyllou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University, "Hippokration" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Giannopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elias Adreanides
- Department of Cardiology, NIMITS General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrissoula Liantinioti
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tympas
- Second Department of Cardiology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Zompola
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Flevari
- Second Department of Cardiology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kosmidou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Second Department of Cardiology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Deftereos
- Second Department of Cardiology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jilek C, Lewalter T. [Implantable ECG monitors]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2020; 31:254-259. [PMID: 32725276 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-020-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable loop recorders are a diagnostic tool for detecting cardiac arrhythmias and are independent of the patient's compliance. Automatic algorithms lead to a preselection of arrhythmic events that are transferred by telemonitoring to the cardiac specialists. This article describes the available loop recorders on the market, the respective implantation techniques, the indication, and reimbursement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Jilek
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Peter Osypka Herzzentrum, Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Am Isarkanal 36, 81379, München, Deutschland.
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Peter Osypka Herzzentrum, Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Am Isarkanal 36, 81379, München, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Over- and undersensing-pitfalls of arrhythmia detection with implantable devices and wearables. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2020; 31:273-287. [PMID: 32767089 PMCID: PMC7412442 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-020-00710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are a cornerstone of arrhythmia and heart failure detection as well as management. In recent years new kinds of devices have emerged which can be used subcutaneously or worn on the skin. In particular for large-scale arrhythmia monitoring, small, unobtrusive gadgets seem positioned to upend paradigms and care delivery. However, the performance of CIEDs and wearables is only as good as their sensing and detection capacities. Whether for pacing, defibrillation or diagnostic monitoring, the device must be able to process and filter the sensed signal to reduce noise and to exclude irrelevant physiological signals. The demands on sensing and detection quality will differ depending on how the information is applied. With a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter/defibrillator, withheld or erroneous therapy can have severe consequences and accurate and reliable detection of cardiac function is crucial. Monitoring devices are usually used in risk assessment and management, with greater tolerance for isolated artefacts or lower quality of readings. This review discusses sensing and detection and the performance to date by CIEDs as well as subcutaneous and wearable devices.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sohns C, Khalaph M, Bergau L, Sommer P. [Smart and simple : Current role of implantables and wearables in daily practice]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2020; 31:265-272. [PMID: 32757084 PMCID: PMC7403787 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-020-00707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In den letzten Jahren hat die Verwendung von Implantables und Wearables zum Monitoring von Herzfrequenz und -rhythmus stetig zugenommen. Inzwischen stehen smarte und einfache Lösungen zur Verfügung, um den Herzrhythmus kontinuierlich zu überwachen und die dokumentierten Daten weiterzuleiten. Aus diesem Grund können Implantables und Wearables auch einfach und direkt an telemedizinische Zentren angebunden werden. Als große Herausforderung für den verstärkten Einsatz von Monitoring-Devices gilt weiterhin eine relativ ungefilterte Datenflut. Dieser Übersichtsartikel zeigt anhand einiger ausgewählter Beispiele die Anwendung und Funktionalität von Monitoring-Devices und soll auf diesem Wege den potenziellen Stellenwert von Implantables und Wearables in unserem klinischen elektrophysiologischen Alltag darstellen und differenziert diskutieren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sohns
- Klinik für Elektrophysiologie/Rhythmologie, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Deutschland.
| | - Moneeb Khalaph
- Klinik für Elektrophysiologie/Rhythmologie, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Deutschland
| | - Leonard Bergau
- Klinik für Elektrophysiologie/Rhythmologie, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Sommer
- Klinik für Elektrophysiologie/Rhythmologie, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akella K, Murtaza G, Della Rocca DG, Kodwani N, Gopinathannair R, Natale A, Lakkireddy D. Implantable loop recorders for cardiac dysrhythmia monitoring. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:725-733. [PMID: 32583678 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of technological advances in healthcare delivery has played a foundational role in development of modern healthcare. With the use of wireless transmission in conjunction with digitization of electrocardiography, continuous monitoring strategies have redefined our approach to dysrhythmia. These devices show promising results in evolving implantable loop recorder technology. In this review, we summarize the history of remote monitoring, indications for loop recorders, devices available, evidence for specific devices and anticipated studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Akella
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute (KCHRI), HCA Midwest Health Heart and Vascular Institute Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute (KCHRI), HCA Midwest Health Heart and Vascular Institute Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
| | | | - Naresh Kodwani
- Overland Park Regional Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine Overland Park, KS 66215, USA
| | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute (KCHRI), HCA Midwest Health Heart and Vascular Institute Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
| | - Andrea Natale
- St. David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute (KCHRI), HCA Midwest Health Heart and Vascular Institute Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho HJ, Lee CH, Hwang J, Park HS, Choi SW, Kim IC, Cho YK, Yoon HJ, Kim H, Nam CW, Hur SH, Jung BC, Kim YN, Han S. Accuracy of implantable loop recorders for detecting atrial tachyarrhythmias after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-020-00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) can provide an enhanced possibility to detect atrial fibrillation (AF), but the accuracy, especially the positive predictive value (PPV), is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of ILRs for detecting AF through a comparison with Holter.
Method and results
Thirteen patients who underwent AF ablation were enrolled. ILRs were implanted in all patients, who were scheduled to have Holter monitorings after the procedure. The incidence of AF was compared between the two modalities and analyzed for any correlations. A total of 51 Holters (67,985.5 min) and concomitant ILRs were available for the comparison. The judgment of the presence of AF did not perfectly correlate between the ILR and Holter (Kappa = 0.866, P < 0.001). In the ILR data, the sensitivity of detecting AF on the Holter was 81.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.812–0.820; P < 0.001). The specificity was 99.9% (95% CI 0.998–0.999; P < 0.001). When the ILR detected AF, the PPV was 99.5% (95% CI 0.994–0.995), but the ILR did not detect AF, and the negative predictive value was 94.2% (95% CI 0.941–0.944). A separate analysis of AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) showed that the AT detection rate of the ILR was 2.3%.
Conclusion
The ILR had a low false positive value and high PPV for AF events. However, it was limited in identifying AT.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bautista-Vargas WF. Asystole in an older patient with recurrent falls. Case report. CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/cr.v6n1.82558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recurrent falls are a usual problema in older patients. It is therefore important to learn how to differentiate a pathological or syncopal episode from a simple stumbling fall, especially in patients who have limitations for communicating clearly and are poorly understood, in general terms, during the medical consultation. Implantable loop recorders (ILR) have been used as an investigation tool in selected cases of recurrent falls in older patients. Consequently, this case report aims to describe its usefulness in this type of patients.Case presentation: An 87-year-old female patient, hypertensive, with a history of recent stroke and frequent falls —referred to as stumbling—, received an implantable loop recorder due to atrial fibrillation. During one follow-up appointment, a 36-second pause related to a fall was documented, so a bicameral pacemaker was implanted.Conclusions: Evaluating repeated falls in older patients is complex; it must be done in detail to rule out syncopal episodes. Implantable devices to diagnose arrhythmic causes are useful and allow achieving accurate diagnoses and establish specific behaviors aimed at improving the quality of life of patients.
Collapse
|
31
|
Edwards SJ, Wakefield V, Jhita T, Kew K, Cain P, Marceniuk G. Implantable cardiac monitors to detect atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-184. [PMID: 31944175 PMCID: PMC6983910 DOI: 10.3310/hta24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptogenic stroke is a stroke for which no cause is identified after standard diagnostic tests. Long-term implantable cardiac monitors may be better at diagnosing atrial fibrillation and provide an opportunity to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence with anticoagulants. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to assess the diagnostic test accuracy, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three implantable monitors [BioMonitor 2-AF™ (Biotronik SE & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany), Confirm Rx™ (Abbott Laboratories, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) and Reveal LINQ™ (Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, MN, USA)] in patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke and for whom no atrial fibrillation is detected after 24 hours of external electrocardiographic monitoring. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Health Technology Assessment databases were searched from inception until September 2018. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review was undertaken. Two reviewers agreed on studies for inclusion and performed quality assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Results were discussed narratively because there were insufficient data for synthesis. A two-stage de novo economic model was developed: (1) a short-term patient flow model to identify cryptogenic stroke patients who have had atrial fibrillation detected and been prescribed anticoagulation treatment (rather than remaining on antiplatelet treatment) and (2) a long-term Markov model that captured the lifetime costs and benefits of patients on either anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment. RESULTS One randomised controlled trial, Cryptogenic Stroke and underlying Atrial Fibrillation (CRYSTAL-AF) (Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2478-86), was identified, and no diagnostic test accuracy study was identified. The CRYSTAL-AF trial compared the Reveal™ XT (a Reveal LINQ predecessor) (Medtronic plc) monitor with standard of care monitoring. Twenty-six single-arm observational studies for the Reveal devices were also identified. The only data for BioMonitor 2-AF or Confirm Rx were from mixed population studies supplied by the companies. Atrial fibrillation detection in the CRYSTAL-AF trial was higher with the Reveal XT than with standard monitoring at all time points. By 36 months, atrial fibrillation was detected in 19% of patients with an implantable cardiac monitor and in 2.3% of patients receiving conventional follow-up. The 26 observational studies demonstrated that, even in a cryptogenic stroke population, atrial fibrillation detection rates are highly variable and most cases are asymptomatic; therefore, they probably would not have been picked up without an implantable cardiac monitor. Device-related adverse events, such as pain and infection, were low in all studies. The de novo economic model produced incremental cost effectiveness ratios comparing implantable cardiac monitors with standard of care monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke patients based on data for the Reveal XT device, which can be related to Reveal LINQ. The BioMonitor 2-AF and Confirm RX were included in the analysis by making a strong assumption of equivalence with Reveal LINQ. The results indicate that implantable cardiac monitors could be considered cost-effective at a £20,000-30,000 threshold. When each device is compared incrementally, BioMonitor 2-AF dominates Reveal LINQ and Confirm RX. LIMITATIONS The cost-effectiveness analysis for implantable cardiac monitors is based on a strong assumption of clinical equivalence and should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS All three implantable cardiac monitors could be considered cost-effective at a £20,000-30,000 threshold, compared with standard of care monitoring, for cryptogenic stroke patients with no atrial fibrillation detected after 24 hours of external electrocardiographic monitoring; however, further clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy in cryptogenic stroke patients. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018109216. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Edwards
- British Medical Journal (BMJ) Technology Assessment Group, London, UK
| | | | - Tracey Jhita
- British Medical Journal (BMJ) Technology Assessment Group, London, UK
| | - Kayleigh Kew
- British Medical Journal (BMJ) Technology Assessment Group, London, UK
| | - Peter Cain
- British Medical Journal (BMJ) Technology Assessment Group, London, UK
| | - Gemma Marceniuk
- British Medical Journal (BMJ) Technology Assessment Group, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation episodes as detected by implantable loop recorder in patients at risk: From the LOOP study. Am Heart J 2020; 219:117-127. [PMID: 31699295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested a high prevalence of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) in various patient populations, and interest in AF screening has increased. However, knowledge about episode duration is scarce, and risk factors for short or long subclinical AF episodes have yet to be recognized. The aim of the study was to assess AF by long-term continuous screening and to investigate predictors of episodes lasting ≥6 minutes, ≥5.5 hours, or ≥24 hours, respectively. METHODS A total of 597 patients aged ≥70 years and diagnosed with ≥1 of hypertension, diabetes, previous stroke, or heart failure were recruited from the general population to receive implantable loop recorder with remote monitoring. Exclusion criteria included history of AF or cardiac implantable electronic device. AF episodes were adjudicated by senior cardiologists. RESULTS During 40 (37; 42) months of continuous monitoring, AF was detected in 209 (35%) of the patients. The cumulative incidences at 3 years were 33.8% (30.2%-37.8%), 16.1% (13.4%-19.4%), and 5.7% (4.1%-7.9%) for AF episodes lasting ≥6 minutes, ≥5.5 hours, and ≥24 hours, respectively. Slower resting sinus rate and higher body mass index, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, and troponin T at baseline were independently associated with AF detection. Addition of these markers to a model of sex, age, and comorbidities improved prediction of AF episodes ≥24 hours (time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 79% vs 65%, P = .037). CONCLUSIONS A considerable burden of previously unknown AF was detected when long-term monitoring was applied in at-risk patients. Biomarkers were associated with AF incidence and improved prediction of long AF episodes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Koo K, Inglis SC, Freedman B, Thijs V, Ferguson C. Implantable cardiac monitors compared with conventional methods for the detection of atrial high-rate episodes in individuals with embolic stroke of undetermined source. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Koo
- University of Technology Sydney; Faculty of Health; Sydney Australia
| | - Sally C Inglis
- University of Technology Sydney; Faculty of Health; Sydney Australia
| | - Ben Freedman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre; Sydney Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Sydney Australia
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Western Sydney University & Western Sydney Local Health District; Western Sydney Nursing Research Centre; Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maervoet J, Bossers N, Borge RP, Hilpert ST, van Engen A, Smala A. Use of insertable cardiac monitors for the detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke in the United States is cost-effective. J Med Econ 2019; 22:1221-1234. [PMID: 31480905 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1663355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a major marker of ischemic stroke risk. Early detection is crucial and, once diagnosed, anticoagulation therapy can be initiated to reduce stroke risk. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of employing an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), BIOMONITOR, for the detection of AF compared to standard of care (SoC) ECG and Holter monitoring in patients with cryptogenic stroke, that is, stroke of unknown origin and where paroxysmal, silent AF is suspected. Materials and methods: A Markov model was developed which consisted of five main health states reflecting the potential lifetime evolution of the AF disease: post cryptogenic stroke (index event), subsequent mild, moderate and severe stroke, and death. Sub-states were included to track a patient's AF diagnostic status and the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. AF detection was assumed to result in a treatment switch from aspirin to anticoagulants, except among those with a history of major bleeding. Detection yield and accuracy, clinical actions and treatment effects were derived from the literature and validated by an expert clinician. All relevant costs from a US Medicare perspective were included. Results and conclusions: An ICM-based strategy was associated with a reduction of 37 secondary ischemic strokes per 1000 patients monitored compared with SoC. Total per-patient costs with an ICM were higher (US$90,052 vs. US$85,157) although stroke-related costs were reduced. The use of an ICM was associated with a base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$18,487 per life year gained compared with SoC and US$25,098 per quality-adjusted life year gained, below established willingness-to-pay thresholds. The conclusions were found to be robust over a range of input values. From a US Medicare perspective the use of a BIOMONITOR ICM represents a cost-effective diagnostic strategy for patients with cryptogenic stroke and suspected AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - N Bossers
- Performation Healthcare , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
| | - R P Borge
- Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health , Abington , PA , USA
| | | | | | - A Smala
- BIOTRONIK SE & Co KG , Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barbone AS, Meftah M, Markiewicz K, Dellimore K. Beyond wearables and implantables: a scoping review of insertable medical devices. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4b32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Bertaglia E, Blank B, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Brandes A, Cabanelas N, Dan GA, Dichtl W, Goette A, de Groot JR, Lubinski A, Marijon E, Merkely B, Mont L, Piorkowski C, Sarkozy A, Sulke N, Vardas P, Velchev V, Wichterle D, Kirchhof P. Atrial high-rate episodes: prevalence, stroke risk, implications for management, and clinical gaps in evidence. Europace 2019; 21:1459-1467. [PMID: 31377792 PMCID: PMC6788209 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-terminating atrial arrhythmias are commonly detected on continuous rhythm monitoring, e.g. by pacemakers or defibrillators. It is unclear whether the presence of these arrhythmias has therapeutic consequences. We sought to summarize evidence on the prevalence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) and their impact on risk of stroke. We performed a comprehensive, tabulated review of published literature on the prevalence of AHRE. In patients with AHRE, but without atrial fibrillation (AF), we reviewed the stroke risk and the potential risk/benefit of oral anticoagulation. Atrial high-rate episodes are found in 10-30% of AF-free patients. Presence of AHRE slightly increases stroke risk (0.8% to 1%/year) compared with patients without AHRE. Atrial high-rate episode of longer duration (e.g. those >24 h) could be associated with a higher stroke risk. Oral anticoagulation has the potential to reduce stroke risk in patients with AHRE but is associated with a rate of major bleeding of 2%/year. Oral anticoagulation is not effective in patients with heart failure or survivors of a stroke without AF. It remains unclear whether anticoagulation is effective and safe in patients with AHRE. Atrial high-rate episodes are common and confer a slight increase in stroke risk. There is true equipoise on the best way to reduce stroke risk in patients with AHRE. Two ongoing trials (NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA) will provide much-needed information on the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulation using non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with AHRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bertaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Axel Brandes
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nuno Cabanelas
- Arrhythmias Unit of Cardiology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando Fonseca, Amadora-Sintra, Portugal
| | - G -Andrei Dan
- Colentina University Hospital, Medicine University “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Goette
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- St. Vincenz Hospital Paderborn, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Lubinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Arrhythmias, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lluis Mont
- Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Neil Sulke
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Panos Vardas
- Heart Sector, Hygeia Group Hospitals, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasil Velchev
- Cardiology Clinic, St. Anna University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dan Wichterle
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UHB and Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trusts, IBR 126a, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pürerfellner H, Sanders P, Sarkar S, Reisfeld E, Reiland J, Koehler J, Pokushalov E, Urban L, Dekker LRC. Adapting detection sensitivity based on evidence of irregular sinus arrhythmia to improve atrial fibrillation detection in insertable cardiac monitors. Europace 2019; 20:f321-f328. [PMID: 29036652 PMCID: PMC6277148 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Intermittent change in p-wave discernibility during periods of ectopy and sinus arrhythmia is a cause of inappropriate atrial fibrillation (AF) detection in insertable cardiac monitors (ICM). To address this, we developed and validated an enhanced AF detection algorithm. Methods and results Atrial fibrillation detection in Reveal LINQ ICM uses patterns of incoherence in RR intervals and absence of P-wave evidence over a 2-min period. The enhanced algorithm includes P-wave evidence during RR irregularity as evidence of sinus arrhythmia or ectopy to adaptively optimize sensitivity for AF detection. The algorithm was developed and validated using Holter data from the XPECT and LINQ Usability studies which collected surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous ICM ECG over a 24–48 h period. The algorithm detections were compared with Holter annotations, performed by multiple reviewers, to compute episode and duration detection performance. The validation dataset comprised of 3187 h of valid Holter and LINQ recordings from 138 patients, with true AF in 37 patients yielding 108 true AF episodes ≥2-min and 449 h of AF. The enhanced algorithm reduced inappropriately detected episodes by 49% and duration by 66% with <1% loss in true episodes or duration. The algorithm correctly identified 98.9% of total AF duration and 99.8% of total sinus or non-AF rhythm duration. The algorithm detected 97.2% (99.7% per-patient average) of all AF episodes ≥2-min, and 84.9% (95.3% per-patient average) of detected episodes involved AF. Conclusion An enhancement that adapts sensitivity for AF detection reduced inappropriately detected episodes and duration with minimal reduction in sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Pürerfellner
- Department of Cardiology, Public Hospital Elisabethinen, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ordensklinikum A-4020 Linz, Fadingerstraße 1, Austria
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shantanu Sarkar
- Research and Development, Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Medtronic Plc., Moundsview, MN, USA; Moundsview, MN, USA
| | - Erin Reisfeld
- Research and Development, Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Medtronic Plc., Moundsview, MN, USA; Moundsview, MN, USA
| | - Jerry Reiland
- Research and Development, Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Medtronic Plc., Moundsview, MN, USA; Moundsview, MN, USA
| | - Jodi Koehler
- Research and Development, Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Medtronic Plc., Moundsview, MN, USA; Moundsview, MN, USA
| | - Evgeny Pokushalov
- Arrhythmia Department and Electrophysiology Laboratory, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Rechkunovskaya 15, Novosibirsk, Russia Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Luboš Urban
- Department of Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Kr´snou hôrkou 1, Bratislava 37, Slovakia
| | - Lukas R C Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wechselberger S, Kronborg M, Huo Y, Piorkowski J, Neudeck S, Päßler E, El-Armouche A, Richter U, Mayer J, Ulbrich S, Pu L, Kirstein B, Gaspar T, Piorkowski C. Continuous monitoring after atrial fibrillation ablation: the LINQ AF study. Europace 2019; 20:f312-f320. [PMID: 29688326 PMCID: PMC6277150 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To study device performance, arrhythmia recurrence characteristics, and methods of outcome assessment using a novel implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results In 419 consecutive patients undergoing first-time catheter ablation for symptomatic paroxysmal (n = 224) or persistent (n = 195) AF an ICM was injected at the end of the procedure. Telemedicine staff ensured full episode transmission coverage and manually evaluated all automatic arrhythmia episodes. Device detection metrics were calculated for ≥2, ≥6, and ≥10 min AF detection durations. Four methods of outcome assessment were studied: continuous recurrence analysis, discontinuous recurrence analysis, AF-burden analysis, and analysis of individual rhythm profiles. A total of 43 673 automatic AF episodes were transmitted over a follow-up of 15 ± 6 months. Episode-based positive predictive values changed significantly with longer AF detection durations (70.5% for ≥2 min, 81.8% for ≥6 min, and 85.9% for ≥10 min). Patients with exclusive short episode recurrences (≥2 to <6 min) were rare and their arrhythmia detection was clinically irrelevant. Different methods of outcome assessment showed a large variation (46–79%) in ablation success. Individual rhythm characteristics and subclinical AF added to this inconsistency. Analysis of AF-burden and individual rhythm profiles were least influenced and showed successful treatment in 60–70% of the patients. Conclusion We suggest AF detection duration >6 min and AF burden >0.1% as a standardized outcome definition for AF studies to come in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wechselberger
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mads Kronborg
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Piorkowski
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neudeck
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen Päßler
- Steinbeis Research Institute 'Electrophysiology and Cardiac Devices', Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Utz Richter
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Mayer
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ulbrich
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liying Pu
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Kirstein
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gaspar
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Piorkowski
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Piorkowski C, Busch M, Nölker G, Schmitt J, Roithinger FX, Young G, Táborský M, Herrmann G, Schmitz D. Clinical evaluation of a small implantable cardiac monitor with a long sensing vector. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2019; 42:1038-1046. [PMID: 31119745 PMCID: PMC6851891 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction We conducted this study to show the safety and efficacy of a new implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), the BioMonitor 2 (Biotronik SE & Co. KG; Berlin, Germany), and to describe the arrhythmia detection performance. Methods The BioMonitor 2 has an extended sensing vector and is implanted close to the heart. It can transmit up to six subcutaneous electrocardiogram strips by Home Monitoring each day. We enrolled 92 patients with a standard device indication for an ICM in a single‐arm, multicenter prospective trial. Patients were followed for 3 months, and 48‐h Holter recordings were used to evaluate the arrhythmia detection performance. Results One patient withdrew consent and in one patient, the implantation failed. Two study device‐related serious adverse events were reported, satisfying the primary safety hypothesis. Implantations took 7.4 ± 4.4 min from skin cut to suture. At 1 week, the R‐wave amplitude was 0.75 ± 0.53 mV. In the 82 patients with completed Holter recordings, all patients with arrhythmias were correctly identified. False positive detections of arrhythmia were mostly irregular rhythms wrongly detected as atrial fibrillation (episode‐based positive predictive value 72.5%). Daily Home Monitoring transmission was 94.9% successful. Conclusion Safety and efficacy of the new device has been demonstrated. The detected R‐wave amplitudes are large, leading to a low level of inappropriate detections due to over‐ or undersensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Nölker
- Clinic for Cardiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jörn Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Glenn Young
- Department of Cardiology, St. Andrew's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gundula Herrmann
- Center of Clinical Research, Biotronik SE & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wasserlauf J, You C, Patel R, Valys A, Albert D, Passman R. Smartwatch Performance for the Detection and Quantification of Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e006834. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.006834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Wasserlauf
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., C.Y., R. Patel, R. Passman)
| | - Cindy You
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., C.Y., R. Patel, R. Passman)
| | - Ruchi Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., C.Y., R. Patel, R. Passman)
| | | | | | - Rod Passman
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.W., C.Y., R. Patel, R. Passman)
- Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL (R. Passman)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun SC, Min X, Healey G. Investigation of Key Variables Impacting ICM Sensing Using Computer Simulations. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:1156-1160. [PMID: 30440596 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) used for diagnosing and managing abnormal heart activities can falsely detect heart rhythms due to respiration, device rotation/orientation, device position, device flipping, and body mass that alter the amplitudes and morphologies. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of these key variables on ICM sensing by using computer simulations and virtual human family. We observed in these simulations that sensing amplitudes can vary greatly depending on device flipping, orientation/rotation, and migration; change significantly due to respiration effect; and are most sensitive to it when body mass is large. Those findings support identification of the key variables impacting clinical false detections.
Collapse
|
42
|
Giancaterino S, Lupercio F, Nishimura M, Hsu JC. Current and Future Use of Insertable Cardiac Monitors. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 4:1383-1396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
43
|
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with increased risk of stroke, which can be reduced with appropriate anticoagulation treatment. However, it remains underdiagnosed in contemporary clinical practice using conventional detection methods, resulting in missed opportunities to implement appropriate treatment. Newer technologies developed in recent years can potentially enhance the detection of atrial fibrillation and overcome certain limitations of the conventional methods. However, uncertainties remain about their use and the significance of atrial fibrillation detected by some of these newer technologies. This review examines the evidence supporting the use of some of these technologies and evaluates their applications in certain clinical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nath Zungsontiporn
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee R, Mittal S. Utility and limitations of long-term monitoring of atrial fibrillation using an implantable loop recorder. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:287-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Magnusson P, Mörner S. EvaLuation Using Cardiac Insertable Devices And TelephonE in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ELUCIDATE HCM)-rationale and design: a prospective observational study on incidence of arrhythmias in Sweden. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e019541. [PMID: 29237655 PMCID: PMC5728259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disease associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) mainly due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation even though life-threatening bradycardia occurs. Risk stratification takes several variables into consideration including non-sustained VT (NSVT). An implantable cardioverter defibrillator effectively prevents SCD.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common among patients with HCM and warrants anticoagulation even without conventional risk factors according to European guidelines. Routinely, the evaluation of arrhythmias using a 48-hour ambulatory external monitor takes place every 6-24 months if patients do not report palpitations. The remaining time the potential burden arrhythmia is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess NSVT and AF incidence during 18 months by an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM). METHODS Adult patients, aged 18-65 years, with a validated diagnosis of HCM are eligible for the study. The study sample is planned to include 30 patients. A Confirm Rx is implanted at the level of the fourth rib on the left side subcutaneously after local anaesthesia. The application for monitoring is installed in the patients' smartphone and symptoms registered by the patient activation and VT detection programmed as 160 bpm during ≥8 intervals. An AF episode is recorded based on ≥2 min duration. Bradycardia is recorded at ≤40 bpm or pause ≥3.0 s. The patients are followed during 18 months before explant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by The Regional Ethical Committee in Umeå (protocol number 2017/13-31). The study protocol, including variables and prespecified research questions, the study was registered at Clinical Trial Registration NCT03259113. Each patient is informed about the study in both oral and written form by a physician and included after written consent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Magnusson
- Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Stellan Mörner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and Heart Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ciconte G, Giacopelli D, Pappone C. The Role of Implantable Cardiac Monitors in Atrial Fibrillation Management. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 10:1590. [PMID: 29250232 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Continuous heart rhythm monitoring using implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) for atrial fibrillation (AF) management is steadily increasing in current clinical practice, even in the absence of an established indication provided by international guidelines. The increasing use of such devices is mainly associated with recent technological improvements including miniaturization, easier implant procedures, and remote monitoring, all of which make this strategy continuously more appealing and promising. For these and other reasons, ICMs have been proven to be a safe and highly effective tool for detecting AF episodes. However, ICMs are not the best option for every patient, as limitations exist. Therefore, it is imperative to weigh the possible benefits against the potential limitations of using these devices when deciding individualized patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciconte
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
| | | | - Carlo Pappone
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Healey JS, Alings M, Ha A, Leong-Sit P, Birnie DH, de Graaf JJ, Freericks M, Verma A, Wang J, Leong D, Dokainish H, Philippon F, Barake W, McIntyre WF, Simek K, Hill MD, Mehta SR, Carlson M, Smeele F, Pandey AS, Connolly SJ. Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in Older Patients. Circulation 2017; 136:1276-1283. [PMID: 28778946 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term continuous electrocardiographic monitoring shows a substantial prevalence of asymptomatic, subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) in patients with pacemakers and patients with cryptogenic stroke. Whether SCAF is also common in other patients without these conditions is unknown. METHODS We implanted subcutaneous electrocardiographic monitors (St. Jude CONFIRM-AF) in patients ≥65 years of age attending cardiovascular or neurology outpatient clinics if they had no history of atrial fibrillation but had any of the following: CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥2, sleep apnea, or body mass index >30 kg/m2. Eligibility also required either left atrial enlargement (≥4.4 cm or volume ≥58 mL) or increased (≥290 pg/mL) serum NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). Patients were monitored for SCAF lasting ≥5 minutes. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-six patients were followed up for 16.3±3.8 months. Baseline age was 74±6 years; mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.1±1.4; left atrial diameter averaged 4.7±0.8 cm; and 48% had a prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism. SCAF ≥5 minutes was detected in 90 patients (detection rate, 34.4%/y; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7-42.3). Baseline predictors of SCAF were increased age (hazard ratio [HR] per decade, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.15), left atrial dimension (HR per centimeter diameter, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09-1.86), and blood pressure (HR per 10 mm Hg, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98), but not prior stroke. The rate of occurrence of SCAF in those with a history of stroke, systemic embolism, or transient ischemic attack was 39.4%/y versus 30.3%/y without (P=0.32). The cumulative SCAF detection rate was higher (51.9%/y) in those with left atrial volume above the median value of 73.5 mL. CONCLUSIONS SCAF is frequently detected by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in older patients without a history of atrial fibrillation who are attending outpatient cardiology and neurology clinics. Its clinical significance is unclear. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01694394.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Healey
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.).
| | - Marco Alings
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Andrew Ha
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Peter Leong-Sit
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - David H Birnie
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Jacob J de Graaf
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Michel Freericks
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Atul Verma
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Jia Wang
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Darryl Leong
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Hisham Dokainish
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Francois Philippon
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Walid Barake
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - William F McIntyre
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Kim Simek
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Michael D Hill
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Shamir R Mehta
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Mark Carlson
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Frank Smeele
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - A Shekhar Pandey
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- From Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., K.S., S.R.M., S.J.C.); McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.S.H., J.W., D.L., H.D., W.F.M., S.R.M., A.S.P., S.J.C.); Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, the Netherlands (M.A.); WCN-Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (M.A.); University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.H., A.V.); University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (P.L.-S.); University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.H.B.); Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands (J.J.d.G.); Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada (F.P.); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (W.B.); University of Calgary, AB, Canada (M.D.H.); St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA (M.C.); Slingeland Ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, the Netherlands (F.S.); and Cambridge Cardiac Care Centre, ON, Canada (A.S.P.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Freedman B, Boriani G, Glotzer TV, Healey JS, Kirchhof P, Potpara TS. Management of atrial high-rate episodes detected by cardiac implanted electronic devices. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:701-714. [DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
49
|
Pujdak K. [Implantable loop recorder of the Confirm family (St. Jude Medical)]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2016; 27:341-344. [PMID: 27822592 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-016-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
St. Jude Medical produces the implantable loop recorder (ILR) Confirm AF DM2102 which offers subcutaneous electrodes on both sides of the device, a specific sensing algorithm and extensive storage capacity for up to 147 episodes. The reliability of detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been evaluated in the DETECT-AF study. The device is MR-conditional and allows patients an interrogation at home. The data are transferred to the follow-up centre via telephone by the patient activator, although this process is currently rather complex and slow. Therefore, remote monitoring of the Confirm AF DM2102 is rarely an option for elderly patients. St. Jude medical announced the introduction of a new, substantially smaller ILR using more modern technology by the end of 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pujdak
- Medizinischen Klinik III, Klinikum Herford, Schwarzenmoorstr. 70, 32049, Herford, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|