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Zambrano AK, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Paz-Cruz E, Ibarra-Rodríguez AA, Doménech N. Genetic diet interactions of ACE: the increased hypertension predisposition in the Latin American population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241017. [PMID: 37964928 PMCID: PMC10640988 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the primary risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is a condition that affects people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to several factors, such as lack of physical activity, population aging, and unhealthy diets. Notably, this increase has primarily occurred in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Latin America, approximately 40% of adults have been diagnosed with hypertension. Moreover, reports have shown that the Latin American genetic composition is highly diverse, and this genetic background can influence various biological processes, including disease predisposition and treatment effectiveness. Research has shown that Western dietary patterns, which include increased consumption of red meat, refined grains, sugar, and ultra-processed food, have spread across the globe, including Latin America, due to globalization processes. Furthermore, a higher than recommended sodium consumption, which has been associated with hypertension, has been identified across different regions, including Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, and Africa. In conclusion, hypertension is a multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors. In Latin America, hypertension prevalence is increasing due to various factors, including age, the adoption of a "Westernized" diet, and potential genetic predisposition factors involving the ACE gene. Furthermore, identifying the genetic and molecular mechanisms of the disease, its association with diet, and how they interact is essential for the development of personalized treatments to increase its efficacy and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Nieves Doménech
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-CIBERCV, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad da Coruña (UDC), La Coruña, Spain
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Kang YY, Cheng YB, Guo QH, Sheng CS, Huang QF, Xu TY, Li Y, Wang JG. Renal Sodium Handling in Relation to Environmental and Genetic Factors in Untreated Chinese. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:394-403. [PMID: 33005923 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated proximal and distal renal tubular sodium handling, as assessed by fractional excretion of lithium (FELi) and fractional distal reabsorption rate of sodium (FDRNa), in relation to environmental and genetic factors in untreated patients. METHODS Our study participants were suspected hypertensive patients being off antihypertensive medication for ≥2 weeks and referred for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. We collected serum and 24-hour urine for measurement of sodium, creatinine, and lithium concentration, and calculated FELi and FDRNa. We genotyped 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with renal sodium handling or blood pressure using the ABI SNapShot method. RESULTS The 1,409 participants (664 men, 47.1%) had a mean (±SD) age of 51.0 ± 10.5 years. After adjustment for host factors, both FELi and FDRNa were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) associated with season and humidity, explaining ~1.3% and ~3.5% of the variance, respectively. FELi was highest in autumn and lowest in summer and intermediate in spring and winter (P = 0.007). FDRNa was also highest in autumn but lowest in winter and intermediate in spring and summer (P < 0.001). Neither FELi nor FDRNa was associated with outdoor temperature or atmospheric pressure (P ≥ 0.13). After adjustment for host and environmental factors and Bonferroni multiple testing, among the 19 studied genetic variants, only rs12513375 was significantly associated with FELi and FDRNa (P ≤ 0.004) and explained about 1.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Renal sodium handling as measured by endogenous lithium clearance was sensitive to major environmental and genetic factors. Our finding is toward the use of these indexes for the definition of renal tubular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Kang
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bang Cheng
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Hui Guo
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Sheng
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Fang Huang
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Yan Xu
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Levin-Schwartz Y, Curtin P, Flores D, Aushev VN, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Svensson K, Pantic I, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Pizano-Zárate ML, Gennings C, Satlin LM, Baccarelli AA, Tellez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Sanders AP. Exosomal miRNAs in urine associated with children's cardiorenal parameters: a cross-sectional study. Epigenomics 2021; 13:499-512. [PMID: 33635093 PMCID: PMC8033423 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The authors sought to examine associations between urinary exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs), emerging biomarkers of renal health, and cardiorenal outcomes in early childhood. Materials & methods: The authors extracted exo-miRs in urine from 88 healthy Mexican children aged 4–6 years. The authors measured associations between 193 exo-miRs and cardiorenal outcomes: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium and potassium levels. The authors adjusted for age, sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, indoor tobacco smoke exposure and urine specific gravity. Results: Multiple exo-miRs were identified meeting a false discovery rate threshold of q < 0.1. Specifically, three exo-miRs had increased expression with urinary sodium, 17 with urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and one with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: These results highlight urinary exo-miRs as early-life biomarkers of children's cardiorenal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Levin-Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Daniel Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,National Council for Science & Technology, 03940 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María L Pizano-Zárate
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 10027 New York, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 NY, USA
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