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Wang R, Bai J. Pharmacological interventions targeting the microcirculation following traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:35-42. [PMID: 37488841 PMCID: PMC10479866 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating disorder characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction that severely compromises an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. These adverse outcomes are closely related to the complex mechanism of spinal cord injury, the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons, and the inhibitory environment formed by traumatic injury. Disruption to the microcirculation is an important pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury. A number of therapeutic agents have been shown to improve the injury environment, mitigate secondary damage, and/or promote regeneration and repair. Among them, the spinal cord microcirculation has become an important target for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Drug interventions targeting the microcirculation can improve the microenvironment and promote recovery following spinal cord injury. These drugs target the structure and function of the spinal cord microcirculation and are essential for maintaining the normal function of spinal neurons, axons, and glial cells. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of spinal cord microcirculation in spinal cord injury, including its structure and histopathological changes. Further, it summarizes the progress of drug therapies targeting the spinal cord microcirculation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Bai
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jin LY, Li J, Wang KF, Xia WW, Zhu ZQ, Wang CR, Li XF, Liu HY. Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1203-1224. [PMID: 33292072 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, prevents the toxins, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the spinal cord and maintains a tightly controlled chemical balance in the spinal environment, which is necessary for proper neural function. A BSCB disruption, however, plays an important role in primary and secondary injury processes related to spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, the structure of the BSCB is broken down, which leads directly to leakage of blood components. At the same time, the permeability of the BSCB is also increased. Repairing the disruption of the BSCB could alleviate the SCI pathology. We review the morphology and pathology of the BSCB and progression of therapeutic methods targeting BSCB in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Feng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Xia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Qi Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Payab M, Abedi M, Foroughi Heravani N, Hadavandkhani M, Arabi M, Tayanloo-Beik A, Sheikh Hosseini M, Gerami H, Khatami F, Larijani B, Abdollahi M, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue transplantation as a novel alternative to obesity treatment: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:109-121. [PMID: 32499525 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a global challenge, is a complex disorder linked to various diseases. Different kinds of treatments are currently used to treat or control this pandemic. Despite their positive effects on controlling obesity, they still have limitations and side effects including digestive problems, difficulties of daily infusion of some drugs, surgical complications, and weight regain. All these issues cause these conventional methods not to have desirable efficacy. In this regard, brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation as a new investigational treatment is proposed, which has beneficial effects with no documented side effect in studies up to now. METHODS This systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration Number: CRD42018110045). The systematical search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest databases. The quality assessments in the included studies and data gathering were conducted independently by two authors. The main variables were anthropometric indices including body weight, levels of leptin, IGF-1, glucagon, adiponectin, fasting blood glucose, and UCP-1. RESULTS Following the search in mentioned databases, ten articles were entered into this systematic review. In most studies, weight gain and white adipocyte size were reduced in the BAT transplant group. It seems that the transplantation leads to the regeneration of healthy adipose tissue by activating the endogenous BAT. CONCLUSIONS Since BAT transplantation is one of the possible future treatments of obesity, many studies are conducted to evaluate the outcomes and related procedures precisely, so it can finally step into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Abedi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Sheikh Hosseini
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Gerami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hong W, Guo F, Yang M, Xu D, Zhuang Z, Niu B, Bai Q, Li X. Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 affects gastric epithelial function and carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:203. [PMID: 31757214 PMCID: PMC6874824 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy gastric mucosal epithelium exhibits tumor-suppressive properties. Gastric epithelial cell dysfunction contributes to gastric cancer development. Oxysterols provided from food or cholesterol oxidation in the gastric epithelium may be further sulfated by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 (SULT2B1), which is highly abundant in the gastric epithelium. However, the effects of SULT2B1 on gastric epithelial function and gastric carcinogenesis are unclear. Methods A mouse gastric tumor model was established using carcinogenic agent 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA). A SULT2B1 deletion (SULT2B1−/−) human gastric epithelial line GES-1 was constructed by CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing system. Results The gastric tumor incidence was higher in the SULT2B1−/− mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice. In gastric epithelial cells, adenovirus-mediated SULT2B1b overexpression reduced the levels of oxysterols, such as 24(R/S),25-epoxycholesterol (24(R/S),25-EC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). This condition also increased PI3K/AKT signaling to promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation, epithelization, and epithelial development. However, SULT2B1 deletion or SULT2B1 knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling, epithelial cell epithelization, and wound healing and induced gastric epithelial cell malignant transition upon 3-MCA induction. Conclusions The abundant SULT2B1 expression in normal gastric epithelium might maintain epithelial function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppress gastric carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hua'shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyan Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baolin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang X, Li J, Wang Z, Deng A. Wound exudate CXCL6: a potential biomarker for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Biomark Med 2019; 13:167-174. [PMID: 30605352 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CXCL-6 levels in wound exudates and healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). MATERIALS & METHODS One hundred patients with neuropathic DFU were recruited. Wound exudate CXCL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed for 24 weeks and divided into rapidly healing and nonhealing groups. RESULTS Compared with the NH group, the mean CXCL-6 levels in the wound exudates of the rapidly healing group were significantly higher. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, wound exudate CXCL-6 levels were still significantly associated with wound healing. CONCLUSION CXCL6 is an independent predictor of wound healing in DFU patients and may be a potentially novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wang
- Department of Pain, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430021, PR China
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430021, PR China
| | - Zhongjing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430021, PR China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430021, PR China
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Papi M, Papi C. Biologics in Microangiopathic Wounds. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734618813767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades the possibility to diagnose a skin ulcer has greatly improved. We learnt that a consistent percentage of nonhealing ulcers may be caused by a microangiopathic disorder that has not been properly investigated and cured. Pathogenetically, we can distinguish 2 main groups: (1) ulcers due to inflammatory microangiopathy, mainly including cutaneous small and medium vessel vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and connective tissue diseases, and (2) ulcers due to occlusive microangiopathy. The group of microangiopathic occlusive ulcers is more heterogeneous and includes different disorders ranging from livedo vasculopathy to calciphylaxis, hydroxyurea-induced ulcers, antiphospholipid antibodies ulcers, and various other types. These conditions can induce thromboses or anatomo-functional occlusion of cutaneous microvessels. Despite different physiopathologic mechanisms, the ulcer resulting from a primitive microangiopathy may receive basic treatments that are in the complex similar to other pathogenetically different wounds, including MOIST-based local therapy and elastic compression when it is not contraindicated. Persistent inflammatory processes are increasingly demonstrated as responsible for the chronicity of many skin ulcers. New data concerning the biological phases of wound healing and the molecules that play crucial roles in this process suggested the use of new specific therapies. Some of them such as growth factors and platelet-rich plasma are prevalently used as topical biologic agents with variable benefits. In recent years, a new class of systemic anti-inflammatory molecules, better known as biologic drugs, have been introduced in the cure of chronic inflammatory diseases that can induce microangiopathic injuries and ulcerative complication. They enlarged the therapeutic options in case of nonresponder microangiopathic ulcers and could represent a future model of “pathogenetically based” therapy of skin ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Papi
- National Institute of Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Papi
- Catholic University Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) optimizes oral traumatic ulcer healing of mice by reducing inflammation. Cytokine 2017; 99:275-280. [PMID: 28830652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of overexpression HGF on the healing of traumatic ulcer of oral mucosa of mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were divided into two groups: wild type C57BL6(WT) and HGF high expression transgenic (HGF-Tg) mice. Traumatic ulcer of all mice were made by number 15 scalpel blade. Mice were sacrificed after 5days and the inflammation score and expression of TNFα, IFNγ, c-Met, apoptosis (TUNEL) and 40 serum inflammation cytokines were estimated. RESULTS HGF-Tg mice presented a lower inflammation score (p=0.011), Serum TNFα expression in HGF-Tg ulcers is 1.3 times than WT ulcer and the difference is statistical significance (t test, p=0.003). Serum c-Met protein in HGF-Tg mice were significantly higher than WT mice (t test, p=0.004). No statistical difference was observed in the serum IFNγ between WT ulcer and HGF-Tg ulcer (t test, p=0.268). TNFα positive cytoplasm expression cells in connective tissue of HGF-Tg mice is significantly lower than that of WT group (t test, p=0.029). C-Met positive cytoplasm expression cells in both epithelium and connective tissue of HGF-Tg group is significantly higher than that of WT group (t test, p=0.040, p=0.000). Samples in HGF-Tg group showed a lower number of positive cells of epithelium TUNEL staining compared with that in the WT group (t test, p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS HGF exhibited anti-inflammatory potential in oral traumatic ulcer through the reduction of epithelial apoptosis, connective tissue TNFα expression and induction of c-Met expression.
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Guo LZ, Kim TH, Han S, Kim SW. Angio-Vasculogenic Properties of Endothelial-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Human Adipose Tissue. Circ J 2016; 80:998-1007. [PMID: 26853554 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stem cells have been regarded as a promising therapeutic option, the marginal therapeutic effects of stem cells are limitations that must be overcome for the development of effective cell therapy. This study sought to identify the angio-vasculogenic properties of endothelial differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to determine whether these cells are effective for vascular repair. METHODS AND RESULTS Adipose MSCs were cultured for 10 days under endothelial cell (EC) culture conditions. These endothelial cell differentiated adipose MSCs (EA) and undifferentiated adipose MSCs (UA) were characterized via angiogenesis and adhesion assays. These cells were transplanted into a hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model to determine therapeutic effects and their underlying mechanisms. EA displayed low adhesion and angiogenic properties in vitro compared with UA. When implanted into mouse HLI models, EA exhibited the decreased recovery of blood perfusion in limb ischemia than uncultured UA. Histology data showed that injected EA exhibited lower retention, angiogenic cytokine levels, and neovascularization in vivo than did UA. Short-term differentiated EA display less cell engraftment and angio-vasculogenic potential, and are less effective for peripheral vascular repair than UA. CONCLUSIONS EC differentiation of MSCs may not present an effective strategy for the promotion of therapeutic neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhe Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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Zheng B, Ye L, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Wang Q, Shi H, Chen D, Wei X, Wang Z, Li X, Xiao J, Xu H, Zhang H. Epidermal growth factor attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption via PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway after acute spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1062-75. [PMID: 26769343 PMCID: PMC4882989 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), disruption of blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) elicits blood cell infiltration such as neutrophils and macrophages, contributing to permanent neurological disability. Previous studies show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) produces potent neuroprotective effects in SCI models. However, little is known that whether EGF contributes to the integrity of BSCB. The present study is performed to explore the mechanism of BSCB permeability changes which are induced by EGF treatment after SCI in rats. In this study, we demonstrate that EGF administration inhibits the disruption of BSCB permeability and improves the locomotor activity in SCI model rats. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathways by a specific inhibitor, LY294002, suppresses EGF‐induced Rac1 activation as well as tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) expression. Furthermore, the protective effect of EGF on BSCB is related to the activation of Rac1 both in vivo and in vitro. Blockade of Rac1 activation with Rac1 siRNA downregulates EGF‐induced TJ and AJ proteins expression in endothelial cells. Taken together, our results indicate that EGF treatment preserves BSCB integrity and improves functional recovery after SCI via PI3K‐Akt‐Rac1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxue Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gunawardana SC, Piston DW. Insulin-independent reversal of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice with brown adipose tissue transplant. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E1043-55. [PMID: 25898954 PMCID: PMC4469812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00570.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) involve insulin replacement or islet/pancreas transplantation and have numerous limitations. Our previous work demonstrated the ability of embryonic brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplants to establish normoglycemia without insulin in chemically induced models of insulin-deficient diabetes. The current study sought to extend the technique to an autoimmune-mediated T1D model and document the underlying mechanisms. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, BAT transplants result in complete reversal of T1D associated with rapid and long-lasting euglycemia. In addition, BAT transplants placed prior to the onset of diabetes on NOD mice can prevent or significantly delay the onset of diabetes. As with streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic models, euglycemia is independent of insulin and strongly correlates with decrease of inflammation and increase of adipokines. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the first hormone to increase following BAT transplants. Adipose tissue of transplant recipients consistently express IGF-I compared with little or no expression in controls, and plasma IGF-I levels show a direct negative correlation with glucose, glucagon, and inflammatory cytokines. Adipogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of IGF-I may stimulate regeneration of new healthy white adipose tissue, which in turn secretes hypoglycemic adipokines that substitute for insulin. IGF-I can also directly decrease blood glucose through activating insulin receptor. These data demonstrate the potential for insulin-independent reversal of autoimmune-induced T1D with BAT transplants and implicate IGF-I as a likely mediator in the resulting equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra C Gunawardana
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Franco C, Hess S. Recent proteomic advances in developmental, regeneration, and cancer governing signaling pathways. Proteomics 2014; 15:1014-25. [PMID: 25316175 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development, adult tissue repair, and cancer share a number of common regulating pathways. The basic processes that govern the events that induce mesenchymal properties in epithelial cells-a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition-are central for embryonic development, and can be resumed in adults either during wound healing or tissue regeneration. A misregulation of these pathways is involved in pathological situations, such as tissue fibrosis and cancer. Proteomic approaches have emerged as promising tools to better understand the signaling pathways that govern these complex biological processes. This review focuses on the recent proteomic-based contributions to better understand the modulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt), Notch and Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways. New advances include the description of new protein interactions, the formation of new protein complexes or the description on how some PTMs are regulating these pathways. Understanding protein interactions and the tempo-spatial modulation of these pathways might lead us to interesting research quests in cancer, embryonic development or even on improving adult tissue regeneration capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Franco
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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