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Son J, Parveen S, MacPherson D, Marciano Y, Huang RH, Ulijn RV. MMP-responsive nanomaterials. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6457-6479. [PMID: 37623747 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and regulate essential normal cell behaviors. Inhibition of these enzymes has been a strategy for anti-cancer therapy since the 1990s, but with limited success. A new type of MMP-targeting strategy exploits the innate selective hydrolytic activity and consequent catalytic signal amplification of the proteinases, rather than inhibiting it. Using nanomaterials, the enzymatic chemical reaction can trigger the temporal and spatial activation of the anti-cancer effects, amplify the associated response, and cause mechanical damage or report on cancer cells. We analyzed nearly 60 literature studies that incorporate chemical design strategies that lead to spatial, temporal, and mechanical control of the anti-cancer effect through four modes of action: nanomaterial shrinkage, induced aggregation, formation of cytotoxic nanofibers, and activation by de-PEGylation. From the literature analysis, we derived chemical design guidelines to control and enhance MMP activation of nanomaterials of various chemical compositions (peptide, lipid, polymer, inorganic). Finally, the review includes a guide on how multiple characteristics of the nanomaterial, such as substrate modification, supramolecular structure, and electrostatic charge should be collectively considered for the targeted MMP to result in optimal kinetics of enzyme action on the nanomaterial, which allow access to amplification and additional levels of spatial, temporal, and mechanical control of the response. Although this review focuses on the design strategies of MMP-responsive nanomaterials in cancer applications, these guidelines are expected to be generalizable to systems that target MMP for treatment or detection of cancer and other diseases, as well as other enzyme-responsive nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Son
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Sadiyah Parveen
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Douglas MacPherson
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Yaron Marciano
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Richard H Huang
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zhang W, Callmann CE, Meckes B, Mirkin CA. Tumor-Associated Enzyme-Activatable Spherical Nucleic Acids. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10931-10942. [PMID: 35849553 PMCID: PMC10440806 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the tissue-targeting efficiency of nanomaterials while also protecting them from rapid clearance from the bloodstream and limiting their immunogenicity remains a central problem in the field of systemic-administered nanomedicine. Herein, we introduce a generalizable strategy to simultaneously increase tumor accumulation, prolong blood circulation, and limit nonspecific immune activation of nanomaterials via peptide-based, tumor-responsive, "sheddable" coatings. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) were designed and synthesized to contain an exterior coating composed of zwitterionic polypeptides with recognition sequences for tumor-associated proteases. In the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the polypetide coating is rapidly cleaved, leading to increased cellular uptake of these SNAs, relative to SNAs containing nonsheddable shells. Moreover, the zwitterionic nature of the polypeptide shell shields the SNAs from immune system recognition, which extends their blood circulation time and improves tumor accumulation and in vivo cellular uptake relative to control SNAs with no protective coating. Taken together, these results indicate that this strategy is a viable method for increasing nanoparticle tumor accumulation and can have utility for the systemic delivery of oligonucleotides and nanomaterials to target cells in vivo with low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian Meckes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Rossano R, Larocca M, Macellaro M, Bilancia D, Riccio P. Unveiling a Hidden Biomarker of Inflammation and Tumor Progression: The 65 kDa Isoform of MMP-9 New Horizons for Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:105-116. [PMID: 35723387 PMCID: PMC8929130 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a stage of the disease where therapy is mostly ineffective; hence, the need to find reliable markers of its onset. The metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) in its 82 kDa active form, is a good candidate, but here we show that the correspondent little known 65 kDa active MMP-9 isoform, often misrepresented with the other gelatinase MMP-2, is a more suitable marker. Sera from patients with lung and breast cancer were analyzed by bidimensional zymography to detect the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Enzyme identity was confirmed by comparison with MMP-9 standards and by western blotting. The 65 kDa isoform of MMP-9 is a suitable biomarker to monitor tumor progression from tissue neoplasms to metastatic stage, as its activity begins to appear when disease severity increases and becomes very high in metastasis. Moreover, the 65 kDa MMP-9, which derives from the 82 kDa MMP-9, no longer responds to natural MMP-9 inhibitors. As its activity cannot be controlled, its appearance may warn that the pathological process is becoming irreversible. Identification and inhibition of the enzymes converting the inhibitor-sensitive 82 kDa MMP-9 into the corresponding “wild” 65 kDa MMP-9 may allow to develop therapies capable of blocking metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.); (M.M.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-20-5507
| | - Marilena Larocca
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.); (M.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Margherita Macellaro
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.); (M.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Domenico Bilancia
- Operating Unit, Medical Oncology, Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliera S. Carlo”, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.L.); (M.M.); (P.R.)
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Lygeros S, Danielides G, Grafanaki K, Riga M. Matrix metalloproteinases and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Unravelling a puzzle through a systematic review. Rhinology 2021; 59:245-257. [PMID: 33730750 DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) was reviewed in order to investigate their possible use as therapeutical targets and/or biomarkers. METHODOLOGY The differences between CRSwNP and normal controls or CRS without NP, as well as the effects of various treatments on MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and MMP/TIMP ratios were considered as primary outcomes. Additional factors reported to affect MMP expression levels were noted as secondary outcomes. Data regarding inflammatory subtypes, patients’ clinical characteristics, controls, laboratory method(s) and origin of samples were also pooled. Studies on 10 or fewer patients or on specimens other than nasal and serum were excluded. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included. Tissue sample origin, allergic rhinitis, smoking, infection, medication intake and primary or recurrent disease should be considered as confounding factors for MMP levels. MMP-1 and -7 were consistently found to be significantly higher in CRSwNP patients than controls. CRSwNP endotypes with distinctly different inflammation patterns seem to present similar MMP-related remodelling patterns. CONCLUSIONS The existing literature has revealed several population and methodology related confounding factors and remains inconclusive regarding the roles of MMPs in CRSwNP pathophysiology and their possible clinical usefulness as biomarkers and therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lygeros
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Patras, Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - G Danielides
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Patras, Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - K Grafanaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Dermatology School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
| | - M Riga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bruschi F, Gruden-Movesijan A, Pinto B, Ilic N, Sofronic-Milosavlјevic L. Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products downregulate MMP-9 in Dark Agouti rats affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Parasitol 2021; 225:108112. [PMID: 33964315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our aim was to investigate whether amelioration of EAE in Dark Agouti (DA) rats, induced by Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (ES L1), could be related to the level and activity of gelatinases, MMP-9 and MMP-2. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, NGAL/MMP-9, TIMP-1, and cytokines, evaluated by gel-zymography or ELISA, as well as gelatinases and TIMP-1 expression in the spinal cord (SC), were determined in: i) EAE induced, ii) ES L1-treated EAE induced animals. Milder clinical signs in ES L1-treated EAE induced DA rats were accompanied with lower serum levels of MMP-9 and NGAL/MMP-9 complex. However, the correlation between the severity of EAE and the level of serum MMP-9 was found only in the peak of the disease, with MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio higher in EAE animals without ES L1 treatment. Lower expression of MMP-9 in SC of ES L1-treated, EAE induced rats, correlated with the reduced number of SC infiltrating cells. In SC infiltrates, in the effector and the recovery phase, production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was higher in animals treated with ES L1 prior to EAE induction, compared to untreated EAE animals. Reduced expression of MMP-9 in SC tissue, which correlated with the reduced number of infiltrating cells, might be ascribed to regulatory mechanisms, among which is IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bruschi
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., Medical School, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alisa Gruden-Movesijan
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Barbara Pinto
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., Medical School, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natasa Ilic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ciccone L, Vandooren J, Nencetti S, Orlandini E. Natural Marine and Terrestrial Compounds as Modulators of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:86. [PMID: 33498927 PMCID: PMC7911533 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported neuroprotective effects by natural products. A wide range of natural compounds have been investigated, and some of these may play a beneficial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, have been implicated in AD. In particular, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are able to trigger several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathways. In this review, we summarize and discuss existing literature on natural marine and terrestrial compounds, as well as their ability to modulate MMP-2 and MMP-9, and we evaluate their potential as therapeutic compounds for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven—Herestraat 49—Box 1044, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (S.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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A literature review of biosensors for multiple sclerosis: Towards personalized medicine and point-of-care testing. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102675. [PMID: 33326907 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to severe motor and sensory deficits in patients. Although some biomolecules in serum or cerebrospinal fluid have been suggested as biomarkers for MS diagnosis, following disease activity and monitoring treatment response, most of these potential biomarkers are not currently in clinical use and available for all patients. The reasons behind this are generally related to insufficient robustness of biomarker or technical difficulties, high prices, and requirements for technical personnel for their detection. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is an emerging field of healthcare that can be applied at the hospital as well as at home without the need for a centralized laboratory. Biosensor devices offer a convenient means for POCT. A biosensor is a compact analytical device that uses a bioreceptor, such as an antibody, enzyme, or oligonucleotide, to capture the analyte of interest. The interaction between the analyte and the bioreceptor is sensed and transduced into a suitable signal by the signal transducer. The advantages of using a biosensor for detecting the biomolecule of interest include speed, simplicity, accuracy, relatively lower cost, and lack of requirements for highly qualified personnel to perform the testing. Owing to these advantages and with the help of innovations in biosensor development technologies, there has been a great interest in developing biosensor devices for MS in recent years. Hence, the purpose of this review was to provide researchers with an up-to-date summary of the literature as well as to highlight the challenges and opportunities in this translational research field. In addition, because this is a highly interdisciplinary field of study, potentially concerning MS specialists, neurologists, biomedical researchers, and engineers, another aim of this review was to bridge the gap between these disciplines.
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Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Martens E, Fiten P, Vandooren J, Janssens R, Blanter M, Yu K, Boon M, Struyf S, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Citrullination as a novel posttranslational modification of matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:68-83. [PMID: 33157227 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes with critical roles in biology and pathology. Glycosylation, nitrosylation and proteolysis are known posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulating intrinsically the activities of MMPs. We discovered MMP citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) as a new PTM. Upon hypercitrullination, MMP-9 acquired a higher affinity for gelatin than control MMP-9. Furthermore, hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 was more efficiently activated by MMP-3 compared to control MMP-9. JNJ0966, a specific therapeutic inhibitor of MMP-9 activation, inhibited the activation of hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 by MMP-3 significantly less in comparison with control proMMP-9. The presence of citrullinated/homocitrullinated MMP-9 was detected in vivo in neutrophil-rich sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. In addition to citrullination of MMP-9, we report efficient citrullination of MMP-1 and lower citrullination levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 by PAD2 in vitro. In conclusion, citrullination of MMPs is a new PTM worthy of additional biochemical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fiten
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marfa Blanter
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Yu
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Boon
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Burduk PK, Sawicki P, Szylberg L, Bodnar M, Marszalek A. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/2 as Predictive Factors in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2019; 31:153-161. [PMID: 31223594 PMCID: PMC6556742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors play an important role in the metastases formation. A multistage process of carcinogenesis requires the involvement of numerous enzymes and compounds that facilitate the expansion of tumor cells. The formation of metastases depends on both metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors activation leading to the activation of neoangiogenesis. The changes of the expression in stromal and tumor proteins could be prognostic factors in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on a total of 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx divided into 2 groups, including 20 patients with neck metastasis and 14 patients without lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a standard protocol. RESULTS The results of the present analysis indicated a higher expression of metalloproteinases 2 in the stroma than in tumor with increasing tumor grade. The dynamics of changes in the expression of metalloproteinases showed the increase in metalloproteinases 2 and the decrease in metalloproteinases 9 depending on the tumor size. Dynamics of changes in the expression of tissue inhibitor 1 in the tumor stroma significantly increased with the tumor stage. In the assessment of nodal staging from N0 to N3, the expression of tissue inhibitor 1 and 2 were higher in the tumor tissues. The increase of metalloproteinases 2, tissue inhibitor 1 in the tumor, and metalloproteinases 9 in the stroma were characterized by a reduction in the odds ratio of patient's survival. CONCLUSION The complex evaluation of the expression of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors may be used for the prognosis of the patient's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel-Krzysztof Burduk
- Department of Otolaryngology,Oncology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.,Corresponding Author: Department of Otolaryngology, Oncology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kornela Ujejskiego 75 Str. 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland. Tell: +48 603749493, E-mail:
| | | | - Lukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Oncology Center, Poznan, Poland.
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Larocca M, Di Marsico M, Riccio P, Rossano R. The in vitro antioxidant properties of Muscari comosumbulbs and their inhibitory activity on enzymes involved in inflammation, post-prandial hyperglycemia, and cognitive/neuromuscular functions. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences; University of Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences; University of Basilicata; Potenza Italy
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Francis CE, Bai Y. Differential expression of cyclosporine A-Induced calcineurin isoform-specific matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in renal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2549-2554. [PMID: 30007437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term treatment with the potent immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) results in chronic nephrotoxicity. Its immunosuppressive properties are due to the inhibition of the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase protein calcineurin A (CnA) which has three catalytic isoforms. Of those, the CnAα and β isoforms are ubiquitously expressed, particularly in the kidney. Additionally, chronic nephrotoxicity has been associated with an imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation resulting in an accumulation of ECM molecules. This study evaluates whether the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) induced by CsA are calcineurin isoform specific. Wild-type (WT), CnAα knockout (CnAα-/-) and CnAβ knockout (CnAβ-/-) kidney fibroblast cell lines (an in vitro innovative tool that was previously created in our lab) were treated with CsA at 10 ng/ml for 48 h. ELISA analysis demonstrated that the CsA-induced secretion profile of MMP-9 was highest in CnAα-/- cells and lowest in CnAβ-/- cells vs. WT cells. In contrast, CsA did not induce an increase in MMP-2 protein levels in WT, CnAα-/- nor CnAβ-/- renal fibroblasts. These results indicate that MMP-9 secretion is CnA-isoform specific, i.e. the CnAβ isoform contributes to the CsA-induced upregulation of MMP-9 while the CnAα does not. As such, understanding the role of calcineurin A isoforms in the regulation of the homeostasis of ECM degradation in the kidney after long-term CsA treatment needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Francis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA.
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Central to the understanding of the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and vitamins D and A in multiple sclerosis is low-grade inflammation, which is involved in all chronic inflammatory diseases and is influenced by each of the above effectors. We show that food components have either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects and influence both the human metabolism (the "metabolome") and the composition of gut microbiota. Hypercaloric, high-animal-fat Western diets favor anabolism and change gut microbiota composition towards dysbiosis. Subsequent intestinal inflammation leads to leakage of the gut barrier, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and neuroinflammation. Conversely, a vegetarian diet, rich in fiber, is coherent with gut eubiosis and a healthy condition. Vitamin D levels, mainly insufficient in a persistent low-grade inflammatory status, can be restored to optimal values only by administration of high amounts of cholecalciferol. At its optimal values (>30 ng/ml), vitamin D requires vitamin A for the binding to the vitamin D receptor and exert its anti-inflammatory action. Both vitamins must be supplied to the subjects lacking vitamin D. We conclude that nutrients, including the nondigestible dietary fibers, have a leading role in tackling the low-grade inflammation associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Their action is mediated by gut microbiota and any microbial change induced by diet modifies host-microbe interactions in a consequent way, to improve the disease or worsen it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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Ziemka-Nalecz M, Janowska J, Strojek L, Jaworska J, Zalewska T, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Sypecka J. Impact of neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia on oligodendrocyte survival, maturation and myelinating potential. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:207-222. [PMID: 28782169 PMCID: PMC5742723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic episodes experienced at the perinatal period commonly lead to a development of neurological disabilities and cognitive impairments in neonates or later in childhood. Clinical symptoms often are associated with the observed alterations in white matter in the brains of diseased children, suggesting contribution of triggered oligodendrocyte/myelin pathology to the resulting disorders. To date, the processes initiated by perinatal asphyxia remain unclear, hampering the ability to develop preventions. To address the issue, the effects of temporal hypoxia-ischaemia on survival, proliferation and the myelinating potential of oligodendrocytes were evaluated ex vivo using cultures of hippocampal organotypic slices and in vivo in rat model of perinatal asphyxia. The potential engagement of gelatinases in oligodendrocyte maturation was assessed as well. The results pointed to a significant decrease in the number of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which is compensated for to a certain extent by the increased rate of OPC proliferation. Oligodendrocyte maturation seemed however to be significantly altered. An ultrastructural examination of selected brain regions performed several weeks after the insult showed however that the process of developing central nervous system myelination proceeds efficiently resulting in enwrapping the majority of axons in compact myelin. The increased angiogenesis in response to neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic insult was also noticed. In conclusion, the study shows that hypoxic-ischaemic episodes experienced during the most active period of nervous system development might be efficiently compensated for by the oligodendroglial cell response triggered by the insult. The main obstacle seems to be the inflammatory process modulating the local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Strojek
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Vandooren J, Swinnen W, Ugarte-Berzal E, Boon L, Dorst D, Martens E, Opdenakker G. Endotoxemia shifts neutrophils with TIMP-free gelatinase B/MMP-9 from bone marrow to the periphery and induces systematic upregulation of TIMP-1. Haematologica 2017; 102:1671-1682. [PMID: 28775117 PMCID: PMC5622851 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.168799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides or endotoxins elicit an excessive host inflammatory response and lead to life-threatening conditions such as endotoxemia and septic shock. Lipopolysaccharides trigger mobilization and stimulation of leukocytes and exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory molecules including cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) or gelatinase B, a protease stored in the tertiary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, has been implicated in such inflammatory reactions. Moreover, several studies even pinpointed MMP-9 as a potential target molecule to counter excessive inflammation in endotoxemia. Whereas the early effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo on the expression of MMP-9 in various peripheral organs has been described, the effects on the bone marrow and during late stage endotoxemia remain elusive. We demonstrate that TIMP-free MMP-9 is a major factor in bone marrow physiology and pathology. By using a mouse model for late-stage endotoxemia, we show that lipopolysaccharides elicited a depletion of neutrophil MMP-9 in the bone marrow and a shift of MMP-9 and MMP-9-containing cells towards peripheral organs, a pattern which was primarily associated with a relocation of CD11bhighGr-1high cells. In contrast, analysis of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases was in line with a natural, systematic upregulation of TIMP-1, the main tissue inhibitor of TIMP-free MMP-9, and a general shift toward control of matrix metalloproteinase activity by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes Swinnen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Boon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Dorst
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Larocca M, Perna AM, Simonetti A, Gambacorta E, Iannuzzi A, Perucatti A, Rossano R. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of cauliflower leaf powder-enriched diet against LPS induced toxicity in rabbits. Food Funct 2017; 8:3288-3296. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brassicaphytochemicals exert a broad spectrum of health-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Larocca
- Department of Sciences
- University of Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
| | - Anna Maria Perna
- School of Agricultural
- Forestry
- Food and Environmental Sciences
- University of Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
| | - Amalia Simonetti
- School of Agricultural
- Forestry
- Food and Environmental Sciences
- University of Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
| | - Emilio Gambacorta
- School of Agricultural
- Forestry
- Food and Environmental Sciences
- University of Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
| | - Alessandra Iannuzzi
- Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- 80147 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Angela Perucatti
- Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- 80147 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences
- University of Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
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16
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Chen S, Meng F, Chen Z, Qu Z, Cui J, Gu Z. Examination of Gelatinase Isoforms in Rodent Models of Acute Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Two-Dimensional Zymography. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1626:147-155. [PMID: 28608207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7111-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological activation of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9; MMP-2/-9) has been shown to cause a number of detrimental outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases. In gel gelatin zymography is a highly sensitive methodology commonly used in revealing levels of gelatinase activity and in separating the proform and active form of gelatinases, based on their different molecular weights. However, this methodology is inadequate in resolving complex enzyme isoforms, because gelatinase expression and activity can be regulated at transcriptional and/or post-translational levels under in vivo conditions resulting in alternation of their isoelectric focusing (IEF) points. In this chapter, we describe an advanced methodology, termed two-dimensional zymography, combining IEF with zymographic electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions to achieve significant improvement in separation of the gelatinase isoforms in both cell-based and in vivo models for acute brain injuries and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenzhou Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Qu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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17
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Riccio P, Rossano R, Larocca M, Trotta V, Mennella I, Vitaglione P, Ettorre M, Graverini A, De Santis A, Di Monte E, Coniglio MG. Anti-inflammatory nutritional intervention in patients with relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:620-35. [PMID: 26785711 PMCID: PMC4950325 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215618462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of nutritional intervention on inflammatory status and wellness in people with multiple sclerosis. To this end, in a seven-month pilot study we investigated the effects of a calorie-restricted, semi-vegetarian diet and administration of vitamin D and other dietary supplements (fish oil, lipoic acid, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, resveratrol and multivitamin complex) in 33 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 10 patients with primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. At 0/3/6 months, patients had neurological examination, filled questionnaires and underwent anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses. Serum fatty acids and vitamin D levels were measured as markers of dietary compliance and nutritional efficacy of treatment, whereas serum gelatinase levels were analyzed as markers of inflammatory status. All patients had insufficient levels of vitamin D at baseline, but their values did not ameliorate following a weekly administration of 5000 IU, and rather decreased over time. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased already after three months, even under dietary restriction only. Co-treatment with interferon-beta in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was irrelevant to vitamin D levels. After six months nutritional treatment, no significant changes in neurological signs were observed in any group. However, serum levels of the activated isoforms of gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase-9 decreased by 59% in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis and by 51% in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients under nutritional intervention, including dietary supplements. This study indicates that a healthy nutritional intervention is well accepted by people with multiple sclerosis and may ameliorate their physical and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Larocca
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trotta
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilario Mennella
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Graverini
- O.T.I. Officine Terapie Innovative S.r.l., 67061 Carsoli, Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Monte
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Hospital ASL 4 "Madonna Delle Grazie", 75100 Matera, Italy
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18
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MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 AND INFLAMMATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis, heterogeneity of its clinical implications, different effect of immunomodulatory therapy for the same clinical forms implies various pathogenetic mechanisms of central nervous system damage at this disease. Applicability of immunological and biochemical markers for the estimation of immunocorrecting and anti-inflammatory therapy efficacy is important. This research aims at improvement of pathological process stages diagnostics at multiple sclerosis and further therapy optimization depending on the activity of the inflammatory process. In the article matrix metalloproteinase-9 rate was assessed in 135 patients with multiple sclerosis of different course types and at different activity stages of the pathological process. The highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 rates were in patients with relapsing-remitting type at the stage of exacerbation, with the lowest rate being in patients with primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Determination of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rate allows to assess the degree of inflammatory process expression and to monitor the efficacy of multiple sclerosis treatment.
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19
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Garratt LW, Sutanto EN, Ling KM, Looi K, Iosifidis T, Martinovich KM, Shaw NC, Kicic-Starcevich E, Knight DA, Ranganathan S, Stick SM, Kicic A. Matrix metalloproteinase activation by free neutrophil elastase contributes to bronchiectasis progression in early cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:384-94. [PMID: 25929954 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00212114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase is the most significant predictor of bronchiectasis in early-life cystic fibrosis; however, the causal link between neutrophil elastase and airway damage is not well understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in extracellular matrix modelling and are activated by neutrophil elastase. The aim of this study was to assess if MMP activation positively correlates with neutrophil elastase activity, disease severity and bronchiectasis in young children with cystic fibrosis.Total MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from young children with cystic fibrosis during annual clinical assessment. Active/pro-enzyme ratio of MMP-9 was determined by gelatin zymography. Annual chest computed tomography imaging was scored for bronchiectasis.A higher MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was associated with free neutrophil elastase activity. In contrast, MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio decreased and MMP-1 and MMP-7 were not detected in the majority of samples. Ratio of active/pro-enzyme MMP-9 was also higher in the presence of free neutrophil elastase activity, but not infection. Across the study cohort, both MMP-9/TIMP-1 and active MMP-9 were associated with progression of bronchiectasis.Both MMP-9/TIMP-1 and active MMP-9 increased with free neutrophil elastase and were associated with bronchiectasis, further demonstrating that free neutrophil elastase activity should be considered an important precursor to cystic fibrosis structural disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Garratt
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Nicole C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia Dept of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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20
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Chen S, Meng F, Chen Z, Tomlinson BN, Wesley JM, Sun GY, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Cui J, Gu Z. Two-dimensional zymography differentiates gelatinase isoforms in stimulated microglial cells and in brain tissues of acute brain injuries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123852. [PMID: 25859655 PMCID: PMC4393235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of gelatinases (MMP-2/-9) is a key cause of detrimental outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases. A single-dimension zymography has been widely used to determine gelatinase expression and activity, but this method is inadequate in resolving complex enzyme isoforms, because gelatinase expression and activity could be modified at transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In this study, we investigated gelatinase isoforms under in vitro and in vivo conditions using two-dimensional (2D) gelatin zymography electrophoresis, a protocol allowing separation of proteins based on isoelectric points (pI) and molecular weights. We observed organomercuric chemical 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate-induced activation of MMP-2 isoforms with variant pI values in the conditioned medium of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Studies with murine BV-2 microglial cells indicated a series of proform MMP-9 spots separated by variant pI values due to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The MMP-9 pI values were shifted after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, suggesting presence of phosphorylated isoforms due to the proinflammatory stimulation. Similar MMP-9 isoforms with variant pI values in the same molecular weight were also found in mouse brains after ischemic and traumatic brain injuries. In contrast, there was no detectable pI differentiation of MMP-9 in the brains of chronic Zucker obese rats. These results demonstrated effective use of 2D zymography to separate modified MMP isoforms with variant pI values and to detect posttranslational modifications under different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhenzhou Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Tomlinson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- MS in Pathology program, University of Missouri Graduate School, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Wesley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Whaley-Connell
- Department of Internal Medicine Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James R. Sowers
- Department of Internal Medicine Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Trentini A, Manfrinato MC, Castellazzi M, Tamborino C, Roversi G, Volta CA, Baldi E, Tola MR, Granieri E, Dallocchio F, Bellini T, Fainardi E. TIMP-1 resistant matrix metalloproteinase-9 is the predominant serum active isoform associated with MRI activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2015; 21:1121-30. [PMID: 25662349 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514560925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) depends on two isoforms, an 82 kDa active MMP-9 modulated by its specific tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1), and a 65 kDa TIMP-1 resistant active MMP-9. The relevance of these two enzymatic isoforms in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of the TIMP-1 modulated and resistant active MMP-9 isoforms to MS pathogenesis. METHODS We measured the serum levels of the 82 kDa and TIMP-1 resistant active MMP-9 isoforms by activity assay systems in 86 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, categorized according to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity, and in 70 inflammatory (OIND) and 69 non-inflammatory (NIND) controls. RESULTS Serum levels of TIMP-1 resistant MMP-9 were more elevated in MS patients than in OIND and NIND (p < 0.05, p < 0.02, respectively). Conversely, 82 kDa active MMP-9 was higher in NIND than in the OIND and MS patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.00001, respectively). MRI-active patients had higher levels of TIMP-1 resistant MMP-9 and 82 kDa active MMP-9, than did those with MRI inactive MS (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the TIMP-1 resistant MMP-9 seem to be the predominantly active isoform contributing to MS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria C Manfrinato
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Tamborino
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Roversi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo A Volta
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Italy
| | - Eleonora Baldi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria R Tola
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Arcispedale S Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Dallocchio
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Arcispedale S Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Biela A, Watkinson M, Meier UC, Baker D, Giovannoni G, Becer CR, Krause S. Disposable MMP-9 sensor based on the degradation of peptide cross-linked hydrogel films using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:660-667. [PMID: 25660510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in both physiological and pathological processes. This enzyme is a peripheral biomarker of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Presently, expensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are used to monitor subclinical disease activity in MS. An alternative to costly MRI scans could be the detection of MMP-9, using a low-cost, disposable sensor system for MMP-9 suitable for home-monitoring of inflammation. This would allow an early prediction of the failure of anti-inflammatory therapies and more timely clinical intervention to limit neuronal damage and prevent disability. Herein we present the development of a disposable sensor for fast and straightforward detection of MMP-9. Biosensors were produced by coating electrodes with oxidized dextran and subsequent cross-linking with peptides containing specific cleavage sites for MMP-9. Exposure of the films to the enzyme resulted in the degradation of the films, which was monitored using impedance measurements. Sensor response was rapid, a significant impedance change was usually observed within 5 min after the addition of MMP-9. Sensors showed a negligible response to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a protease which may interfere with MMP-9 detection. The peptide sequence with the highest sensitivity and selectivity Leu-Gly-Arg-Met-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-Lys was selected to construct calibration curves. MMP-9 was successfully detected in a clinically relevant range from 50 to 400 ng/ml. Two different processes of hydrogel degradation were observed on electrode surfaces with different roughness, and both appeared suitable to monitor MMP-9 activity. The sensor materials are generic and can be easily adopted to respond to other proteases by selecting peptide cross-linkers with suitable cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biela
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Ute C Meier
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - David Baker
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Gaffney J, Solomonov I, Zehorai E, Sagi I. Multilevel regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in tissue homeostasis indicates their molecular specificity in vivo. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:191-9. [PMID: 25622911 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in irreversible remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in normal homeostasis and pathological states. Accumulating data from various studies strongly suggest that MMPs are tightly regulated, starting from the level of gene expression all the way to zymogen activation and endogenous inhibition, with each level controlled by multiple factors. Recent in vivo findings indicate that cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions, as well as ECM bio-active products, contribute an additional layer of regulation at all levels, indicating that individual MMP expression and activity in vivo are highly coordinated and tissue specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gaffney
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldar Zehorai
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Abstract
The question whether dietary habits and lifestyle have influence on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still a matter of debate, and at present, MS therapy is not associated with any information on diet and lifestyle. Here we show that dietary factors and lifestyle may exacerbate or ameliorate MS symptoms by modulating the inflammatory status of the disease both in relapsing-remitting MS and in primary-progressive MS. This is achieved by controlling both the metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the human cell and the composition of commensal gut microbiota. What increases inflammation are hypercaloric Western-style diets, characterized by high salt, animal fat, red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, fried food, low fiber, and lack of physical exercise. The persistence of this type of diet upregulates the metabolism of human cells toward biosynthetic pathways including those of proinflammatory molecules and also leads to a dysbiotic gut microbiota, alteration of intestinal immunity, and low-grade systemic inflammation. Conversely, exercise and low-calorie diets based on the assumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, prebiotics, and probiotics act on nuclear receptors and enzymes that upregulate oxidative metabolism, downregulate the synthesis of proinflammatory molecules, and restore or maintain a healthy symbiotic gut microbiota. Now that we know the molecular mechanisms by which dietary factors and exercise affect the inflammatory status in MS, we can expect that a nutritional intervention with anti-inflammatory food and dietary supplements can alleviate possible side effects of immune-modulatory drugs and the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome and thus favor patient wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Vandooren J, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G. On the structure and functions of gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 in neuroinflammation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:193-206. [PMID: 25410359 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specific structure that is composed of two basement membranes (BMs) and that contributes to the control of neuroinflammation. As long as the BBB is intact, extravasated leukocytes may accumulate between two BMs, generating vascular cuffs. Specific matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, have been shown to cleave BBB beta-dystroglycan and to disintegrate thereby the parenchymal BM, resulting in encephalomyelitis. This knowledge has been added to the molecular basis of the REGA model to understand the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and it gives further ground for the use of MMP inhibitors for the treatment of acute neuroinflammation. MMP-9 is associated with central nervous system inflammation and occurs in various forms: monomers and multimers. None of the various neurological and neuropathologic functions of MMP-9 have been associated with either molecular structure or molecular form, and therefore, in-depth structure-function studies are needed before medical intervention with MMP-9-specific inhibitors is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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