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Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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2
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Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xu GT, Zhang J. Molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of retinal pigment epithelium. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106250. [PMID: 37536385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among elderly people in developed countries. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of AMD-related vision loss. At present, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is widely used as the first-line therapy to decrease the choroidal and retinal neovascularizations, and thus to improve or maintain the visual acuity of the patients with nAMD. However, about 1/3 patients still progress to irreversible visual impairment due to subretinal fibrosis even with adequate anti-VEGF treatment. Extensive literatures support the critical role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, but the underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown. This review summarized the molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, especially focusing on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT pathways. It was also discussed how these pathways crosstalk and respond to signals from the microenvironment to mediate EMT and contribute to the progression of nAMD-related subretinal fibrosis. Targeting EMT signaling pathways might provide a promising and effective therapeutic strategy to treat subretinal fibrosis secondary to nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Maksimova V, Makus J, Popova V, Prus A, Usalka O, Trapeznikova E, Zhidkova E, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Kirsanov K. Histone Methyltransferases as a New Target for Epigenetic Action of Vorinostat. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:968-978. [PMID: 37751867 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792307009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic genome regulation during malignant cell transformation is characterized by the aberrant methylation and acetylation of histones. Vorinostat (SAHA) is an epigenetic modulator actively used in clinical oncology. The antitumor activity of vorinostat is commonly believed to be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylases, while the impact of this drug on histone methylation has been poorly studied. Using HeLa TI cells as a test system allowing evaluation of the effect of epigenetically active compounds from the expression of the GFP reporter gene and gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs, we showed that vorinostat not only suppressed HDAC1, but also reduced the activity of EZH2, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SUV420H1. The ability of vorinostat to suppress expression of EZH2, SUV39H1/2, SUV420H1 was confirmed by Western blotting. Vorinostat also downregulated expression of SUV420H2 and DOT1L enzymes. The data obtained expand our understanding of the epigenetic effects of vorinostat and demonstrate the need for a large-scale analysis of its activity toward other enzymes involved in the epigenetic genome regulation. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the epigenetic action of vorinostat will contribute to its more proper use in the treatment of tumors with an aberrant epigenetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Julia Makus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Valeriia Popova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Prus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- MIREA, Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - Olga Usalka
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Trapeznikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | | | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Wang J, Feng S, Zhang Q, Qin H, Xu C, Fu X, Yan L, Zhao Y, Yao K. Roles of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases in the Retinal Development and Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2330-2354. [PMID: 36637745 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of epigenetic modification of histones in maintaining the normal function of the nervous system has attracted increasing attention. Among these modifications, the level of histone acetylation, modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is essential in regulating gene expression. In recent years, the research progress on the function of HDACs in retinal development and disease has advanced remarkably, while that regarding HATs remains to be investigated. Here, we overview the roles of HATs and HDACs in regulating the development of diverse retinal cells, including retinal progenitor cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and Müller glial cells. The effects of HATs and HDACs on the progression of various retinal diseases are also discussed with the highlight of the proof-of-concept research regarding the application of available HDAC inhibitors in treating retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chunxiu Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Ma X, Han S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li P, Liu X, Chang L, Chen YA, Chen F, Hou Q, Hou L. DAPL1 prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:158. [PMID: 36841807 PMCID: PMC9968328 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that can lead to severe vision loss. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PVR remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1) is downregulated in PVR membranes and that DAPL1 deficiency promotes EMT in RPE cells in mice. In fact, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated DAPL1 overexpression in RPE cells of Dapl1-deficient mice inhibited EMT in physiological and retinal-detachment states. In a rabbit model of PVR, ARPE-19 cells overexpressing DAPL1 showed reduced ability to induce experimental PVR, and AAV-mediated DAPL1 delivery attenuated the severity of experimental PVR. Furthermore, a mechanistic study revealed that DAPL1 promotes P21 phosphorylation and its stabilization partially through NFκB (RelA) in RPE cells, whereas the knockdown of P21 led to neutralizing effects on DAPL1-dependent EMT inhibition and enhanced the severity of experimental PVR. These results suggest that DAPL1 acts as a novel suppressor of RPE-EMT and has an important role in antagonizing the pathogenesis of experimental PVR. Hence, this finding has implications for understanding the mechanism of and potential therapeutic applications for PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
| | - Shuxian Han
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China ,grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Youjia Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Pingping Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Lifu Chang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Ying-ao Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Qiang Hou
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003 China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.
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Applications of Human Amniotic Membrane Patching Assisted Vitrectomy in the Management of Postoperative PVR in Complex Retinal Detachments. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031137. [PMID: 36769785 PMCID: PMC9918292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic membranes (hAMs) are extraembryonic tissues currently employed in the treatment of many ocular and systemic diseases. Several reports indicate that hAMs can suppress the signaling pathway of tissue growth factor beta (TGF-β), a cytokine that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in exposed retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a modified vitrectomy procedure (hAMP-V) involving the extensive coverage of exposed RPE with hAM patches to prevent postoperative PVR in a series of 15 cases of retinal detachment complicated by severe preoperatory PVR. The primary outcome was to assess the rate of successful retinal reattachment of a single hAMP-V procedure at 6 months from silicone oil removal. Secondary outcomes included the collection of intraoperative data concerning the quantity, size, and scope of hAM patches, and the assessment of postoperative improvements in mean LogMar BCVA at 3 and 6 months. Successful retinal reattachment was obtained in 14 out of 15 eyes (93.3%). Surgical failure due to major recurrence of PVR occurred in 1 out of 15 eyes (6.7%). Postoperative improvements in mean LogMar BCVA were statistically significant (p < 0.05, paired t-test). No intraoperative and postoperative adverse effects were reported. The study helped to refine the surgical technique while also offering cues for future improvements.
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Zheng H, Liu X, Guo S. Aberrant expression of histone deacetylase 8 in endometriosis and its potential as a therapeutic target. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12531. [PMID: 37564680 PMCID: PMC10410010 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To screen Zn2+-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1-11 in endometriotic cells and then evaluated the HDACs identified from the screening in ovarian endometrioma (OE) and deep endometriotic (DE) lesions, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of HDAC8 inhibition in mice. Methods Quantification of gene and protein expression levels of HDAC1-11 in endometriotic cells stimulated by TGF-β1, and immunohistochemistry analysis of Class I HDACs and HDAC6 in OE/DE lesion samples. The therapeutic potential of HDAC8 inhibition was evaluated by a mouse model of deep endometriosis. Results The screening identified Class I HDACs and HDAC6 as targets of interest. Immunohistochemistry analysis found a significant elevation in HDAC8 immunostaining in both OE and DE lesions, which was corroborated by gene and protein expression quantification. For other Class I HDACs and HDAC6, their lesional expression was more subtle and nuanced. HDAC1 and HDAC6 staining was significantly elevated in DE lesions while HDAC2 and HDAC3 staining was reduced in DE lesions. Treatment of mice with induced deep endometriosis with an HDAC8 inhibitor resulted in significantly longer hotplate latency, a reduction of lesion weight by nearly two-thirds, and significantly reduced lesional fibrosis. Conclusions These findings highlight the progression-dependent nature of specific HDAC aberrations in endometriosis, and demonstrate, for the first titme, the therapeutic potential of suppressing HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Present address:
Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu SchoolNanjing Medical UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xishi Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine‐Related DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sun‐Wei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine‐Related DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Institute, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Recent Advancements in Molecular Therapeutics for Corneal Scar Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203310. [PMID: 36291182 PMCID: PMC9600986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of corneal wound healing is complex and induces scar formation. Corneal scarring is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The fibrotic healing of a major ocular wound disrupts the highly organized fibrillar collagen arrangement of the corneal stroma, rendering it opaque. The process of regaining this organized extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangement of the stromal layer to restore corneal transparency is complicated. The surface retention capacity of ocular drugs is poor, and there is a large gap between suitable corneal donors and clinical requirements. Therefore, a more efficient way of treating corneal scarring is needed. The eight major classes of interventions targeted as therapeutic tools for healing scarred corneas include those based on exosomes, targeted gene therapy, microRNAs, recombinant viral vectors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, bioactive molecules, growth factors, and nanotechnology. This review highlights the recent advancements in molecular therapeutics to restore a cornea without scarring. It also provides a scope to overcome the limitations of present studies and perform robust clinical research using these strategies.
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Alshaikh RA, Ryan KB, Waeber C. Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a potential target in neovascular retinal disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2022; 106:1187-1195. [PMID: 33962970 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular ocular diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion) are characterised by common pathological processes that contribute to disease progression. These include angiogenesis, oedema, inflammation, cell death and fibrosis. Currently available therapies target the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the main mediator of pathological angiogenesis. Unfortunately, VEGF blockers are expensive biological therapeutics that necessitate frequent intravitreal administration and are associated with multiple adverse effects. Thus, alternative treatment options associated with fewer side effects are required for disease management. This review introduces sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of neovascular ocular pathologies. S1P is a sphingolipid mediator that controls cellular growth, differentiation, survival and death. S1P actions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5 receptors) which are abundantly expressed in all retinal and subretinal structures. The action of S1P on S1P1 receptors can reduce angiogenesis, increase endothelium integrity, reduce photoreceptor apoptosis and protect the retina against neurodegeneration. Conversely, S1P2 receptor signalling can increase neovascularisation, disrupt endothelial junctions, stimulate VEGF release, and induce retinal cell apoptosis and degeneration of neural retina. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss the role of S1P and its different receptor subtypes in angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in order to determine which of these S1P-mediated processes may be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alshaikh
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SSPC The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Waeber
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Grigoryan EN. Pigment Epithelia of the Eye: Cell-Type Conversion in Regeneration and Disease. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030382. [PMID: 35330132 PMCID: PMC8955580 DOI: 10.3390/life12030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the retina (RPE), ciliary body, and iris (IPE) are capable of altering their phenotype. The main pathway of phenotypic switching of eye PECs in vertebrates and humans in vivo and/or in vitro is neural/retinal. Besides, cells of amphibian IPE give rise to the lens and its derivatives, while mammalian and human RPE can be converted along the mesenchymal pathway. The PECs’ capability of conversion in vivo underlies the lens and retinal regeneration in lower vertebrates and retinal diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and fibrosis in mammals and humans. The present review considers these processes studied in vitro and in vivo in animal models and in humans. The molecular basis of conversion strategies in PECs is elucidated. Being predetermined onto- and phylogenetically, it includes a species-specific molecular context, differential expression of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and epigenomic changes. The accumulated knowledge regarding the mechanisms of PECs phenotypic switching allows the development of approaches to specified conversion for many purposes: obtaining cells for transplantation, creating conditions to stimulate natural regeneration of the retina and the lens, blocking undesirable conversions associated with eye pathology, and finding molecular markers of pathology to be targets of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora N Grigoryan
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Polyphenols and Posterior Segment Eye Diseases: Effects on Angiogenesis, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Grigoryan EN, Markitantova YV. Molecular Strategies for Transdifferentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Amphibians and Mammals In Vivo. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Su Y, Tang Z, Wang F. Role of LINC01592 in TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14053-14064. [PMID: 34032608 PMCID: PMC8202905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of long-chain non-coding RNA01592 (LINC01592) in the process of transforming retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells into mesenchymal cells following induction by transforming growth factor beat 1 (TGF-β1) was investigated by interfering with LINC01592 expression in human RPE (hRPE) cells. LINC01592 expression in hRPE cells was significantly increased following treatment with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 48 h. Expression of E-cadherin and Snail were decreased in hRPE cells following induction with TGF-β1 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Following induction by TGF-β1, expression of E-cadherin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Snail were significantly lower in the LINC01592-knockdown group compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). LINC01592 overexpression significantly enhanced the viability, proliferation, and migration of hRPE cells induced by TGF-β1 (P < 0.05). Following induction by TGF-β1, E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased and α-SMA and Snail expression were significantly increased in the LINC01592-overexpression group compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). RPE cells induced by TGF-β1 exhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibiting LINC01592 expression could significantly reduce TGF-β1-induced EMT of hRPE cells. The regulatory effect of LINC01592 on EMT in hRPE cells induced by TGF-β1 provides a novel treatment for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Ma X, Long C, Wang F, Lou B, Yuan M, Duan F, Yang Y, Li J, Qian X, Zeng J, Lin S, Shen H, Lin X. METTL3 attenuates proliferative vitreoretinopathy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells via wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4220-4234. [PMID: 33759344 PMCID: PMC8093987 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a refractory vitreoretinal fibrosis disease, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is the key pathological mechanism of PVR. However, few studies focused on the role of METTL3, the dominating methyltransferase for m6A RNA modification in PVR pathogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression of METTL3 in human tissues. Lentiviral transfection was used to stably overexpress and knockdown METTL3 in ARPE-19 cells. MTT assay was employed to study the effects of METTL3 on cell proliferation. The impact of METTL3 on the EMT of ARPE-19 cells was assessed by migratory assay, morphological observation and expression of EMT markers. Intravitreal injection of cells overexpressing METTL3 was used to assess the impact of METTL3 on the establishment of the PVR model. We found that METTL3 expression was less in human PVR membranes than in the normal RPE layers. In ARPE-19 cells, total m6A abundance and the METTL3 expression were down-regulated after EMT. Additionally, METTL3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, METTL3 overexpression weakened the capacity of TGFβ1 to trigger EMT by regulating wnt/β -catenin pathway. Oppositely, knockdown of METTL3 facilitated proliferation and EMT of ARPE-19 cells. In vivo, intravitreal injection of METTL3-overexpressing cells delayed the development of PVR compared with injection of control cells. In summary, this study suggested that METTL3 is involved in the PVR process, and METTL3 overexpression inhibits the EMT of ARPE-19 cells in vitro and suppresses the PVR process in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongde Long
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingsheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miner Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hatanaka H, Mukai A, Ito E, Ueno M, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hamuro J. Epigenetic regulation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by synergistic action of TNF-α and TGF-β in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 544:31-37. [PMID: 33516879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the influence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on fibrotic phenotypes induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs) by epigenetic regulation. Human primary retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs including ARPE19) were used in cultures in the presence or absence of TNF-α and/or TGF-β2. RT2 Profiler™ (Qiagen) was used for PCR Array for fibrosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microarray analysis by 3D gene DNA chip was outsourced to Toray Industries Inc. Quantification of histone acetyl transferase (HAT)-related and histone deacetylase (HDAC) related gene expression were also analyzed. HDAC and HAT activity was measured using an EpiQuik HDAC and HAT Activity/Inhibition Assay Kit (Epigentek). CD44, MMP-9, HAT, and HDAC in RPECs were analyzed by western blotting. Analysis of expression of the EMT/fibrosis related CD44 and MMP-9 phenotypes induced by TNF-α+TGF-β2 revealed four alterations in RPECs: 1) abolition of TGF-β2-induced α-SMA by TNF-α; 2) synergy between TNF-α+TGF-β2 for induction of CD44 and MMP-9 phenotypes 3) no inhibition of HDAC activity by either TNF-α or TGF-β2; and 4) significant inhibition of HAT activity by either TNF-α or TGF-β2, but no synergy. The HDAC activation through HAT inhibition by TNF-α+TGF-β was counteracted by HDAC inhibitors, leading to the inhibition of EMT/fibrosis. EMT/fibrotic CD44 and MMP-9 phenotypes were epigenetically upregulated by concerted action of TNF-α and TGF-β in RPECs. The intervention in epigenetic regulation may hold potential in preventing intraocular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hatanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Eiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
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Zou H, Shan C, Ma L, Liu J, Yang N, Zhao J. Polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10136. [PMID: 33150072 PMCID: PMC7583629 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a cellular monolayer composed of mitotically quiescent cells. Tight junctions and adherens junctions maintain the polarity of RPE cells, and are required for cellular functions. In proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), upon retinal tear, RPE cells lose cell-cell contact, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and ultimately transform into myofibroblasts, leading to the formation of fibrocellular membranes on both surfaces of the detached retina and on the posterior hyaloids, which causes tractional retinal detachment. In PVR, RPE cells are crucial contributors, and multiple signaling pathways, including the SMAD-dependent pathway, Rho pathway, MAPK pathways, Jagged/Notch pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are activated. These pathways mediate the EMT of RPE cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PVR. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the polarized phenotype of RPE, the role of cell-cell contact, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the RPE EMT in PVR, emphasizing key insights into potential approaches to prevent PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenli Shan
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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He Y, Xu L, Feng J, Wu K, Zhao Y, Huang H. HDAC Inhibitor LBH589 Suppresses the Proliferation but Enhances the Antileukemic Effect of Human γδT Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:623-630. [PMID: 33005729 PMCID: PMC7515977 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γδT cells have potent effects on hematological malignancies, and their functions can be regulated by anti-tumor agents. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) not only have antileukemic activity on leukemia but also affect immune cells during therapeutic application. In this in vitro study, we showed that LBH589, a pan-HDACi, impaired the proliferation of human γδT cells, as well as their proportions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At the specific concentration, LBH589 induced significant antileukemic activity of γδT cells against the HL-60 cells and Kasumi cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the expression levels of activating receptor and molecules, as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression on γδT cells, were not affected by LBH589. After treatment with LBH589 for indicated times, extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Akt, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in γδT cells were not activated. In contrast, a stronger expression of Notch was observed and sustained for 72 h. Inhibition of Notch signaling by FLI-06, the γ-secretase inhibitor, significantly reversed the enhanced antileukemic ability of γδT cells induced by LBH589. For the first time, our investigations demonstrate that LBH589 can inhibit proliferation of γδT cells but facilitate their antileukemic effects via activation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kangni Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author: Yanmin Zhao, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author: He Huang, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Chen X, Yang W, Deng X, Ye S, Xiao W. Interleukin-6 promotes proliferative vitreoretinopathy by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Vis 2020; 26:517-529. [PMID: 32818015 PMCID: PMC7406861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in intraocular fluid from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), but the exact role of the cytokine is still unclear. We investigated the function and mechanism of IL-6 in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell biology in vitro and in a mouse model in vivo. Methods After treatment with various concentrations of IL-6, RPE cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. The activation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling was determined with western blotting. Moreover, the effects of blockade of IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling were investigated using pharmacological inhibitor S3I-201. For in vivo studies, the PVR model was induced with intravitreal injection of dispase/collagenase in wild-type and IL-6 knockout mice. The severity of PVR was evaluated with histological analysis. The expression of IL-6, gp130, and EMT markers was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Results IL-6 statistically significantly induced RPE cell proliferation and EMT in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, which was accompanied by rapid phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3. Blockade of the IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway with S3I-201 apparently inhibited RPE proliferation and EMT. Furthermore, IL-6 and gp130 overexpression, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling hyperactivation were detected in the retinas of the wild-type mice at 1, 3, and 7 days after dispase/collagenase injection. Finally, we confirmed that IL-6 deficiency markedly alleviated mouse PVR development via inhibiting EMT. Conclusions These findings indicate that IL-6 promotes PVR by inducing RPE proliferation and EMT via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. We provided new evidence that therapeutic strategies to block IL-6 may be beneficial for PVR.
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Lee H, Hwang-Bo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Park C, Hong SH, Kim GY, Song KS, Hyun JW, Choi YH. Diesel particulate matter2.5 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human retinal pigment epithelial cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114301. [PMID: 32155554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have linked PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) to ocular surface diseases such as keratitis and conjunctivitis, very few studies have previously addressed its effect on the retina. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PM2.5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in disorders of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) on APRE-19 cells. PM2.5 changed the phenotype of RPE cells from epithelial to fibroblast-like mesenchymal, and increased cell migration. Exposure to PM2.5 markedly increased the expression of mesenchymal markers, but reduced the levels of epithelial markers. Moreover, PM2.5 promoted the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated nuclear transcriptional factors. However, these PM2.5-mediated changes were completely reversed by LY2109761, a small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor type I/II kinases, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Interestingly, NAC, but not LY2109761, effectively restored the PM2.5-induced mitochondrial defects, including increased ROS, decreased mitochondrial activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Collectively, our findings indicate that the TGF-β/Smad/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated downstream of cellular ROS during PM2.5-induced EMT. The present study provides the first evidence that EMT of RPE may be one of the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced retinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Ozal SA, Gurlu V, Turkekul K, Guclu H, Erdogan S. Neferine inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells through downregulating p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:97-105. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1730882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Altan Ozal
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Gurlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kader Turkekul
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hande Guclu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suat Erdogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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21
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Qin D, Jin X, Jiang Y. Gremlin mediates the TGF-β-induced induction of profibrogenic genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2353-2359. [PMID: 32104303 PMCID: PMC7027231 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterised by the contraction and growth of fibrotic membranes on the retina and within the vitreous body. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, a major cellular component of the fibrotic membrane, is one of the cell types that have been previously reported to associate with PVR pathogenesis. During PVR, RPE cells undergo increased cell proliferation, migration and the secretion of extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin and type I collagen. A variety of cytokines and growth factors are involved in the formation of the fibrotic membrane. Although gremlin has been reported to serve an important role in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PVR, the relationship between gremlin and the expression of profibrogenic factors in human RPE cells remains unclear. In the present study, gremlin promoted RPE cell proliferation and the expression of type I collagen and fibronectin. In addition, knocking down gremlin expression by siRNA significantly suppressed the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1- and TGF-β2-induced expression of type I collagen and fibronectin in RPE cells. These findings suggest that gremlin may serve an important role in the development of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qin
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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22
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Wang X, Chen S, Shen T, Lu H, Xiao D, Zhao M, Yao Y, Li X, Zhang G, Zhou X, Jiang X, Cheng Z. Trichostatin A reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuates invasion and migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1687-1694. [PMID: 32104221 PMCID: PMC7027139 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality in women, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an indispensable role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. As a representative of classical histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), trichostatin A (TSA) has been demonstrated to reverse EMT in certain types of non-tumor cells and tumor cells. In the present study, the invasive and migratory abilities of MCF-7 cells were examined following treatment with TSA. TSA-induced changes in the expression of an epithelial biomarker epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), a mesenchymal biomarker (vimentin), and a transcription factor [zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG)] were also investigated. Transwell invasion and migration assays, and wound healing assays, revealed that the invasive and migratory abilities of MCF-7 cells were suppressed significantly upon treatment with TSA. Treatment with TSA led to an increased expression level of E-cadherin, and decreased expression of vimentin and, in MCF-7 cells. The overexpression of SLUG decreased the expression level of E-cadherin, but increased vimentin expression, and upon treatment with TSA, these effects were reversed. Additionally, SLUG knockdown also led to upregulation of E-cadherin expression, downregulation of vimentin expression, and suppression of the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that TSA is able to reverse EMT via suppressing SLUG and attenuate the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells in vitro, thereby providing a potential avenue for chemotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Wang
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Chen
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Taipeng Shen
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dingqiong Xiao
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yutang Yao
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuzhong Cheng
- Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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23
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Rocher M, Robert PY, Desmoulière A. The myofibroblast, biological activities and roles in eye repair and fibrosis. A focus on healing mechanisms in avascular cornea. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:232-240. [PMID: 31767967 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue healing is one of the mysteries of modern medicine. Healing involves complex processes and many cellular types, amongst which the myofibroblast plays a major role. In the eye, when needed, myofibroblasts can be found from the cornea to the retina, derived from a wide variety of different cells, and aimed at effectively repairing tissue damage. Myofibroblast differentiation requires transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, the presence of specific extracellular matrix components such as the ED-A domain of fibronectin, and mechanical tension. Control of this process may, in some cases, be abnormal leading to development of fibrotic tissue, which alters and compromises the integrity of the original tissue. The eye is no exception to this rule with normal visual function, a highly demanding process, only possible in a fully integrated organ. The cornea, a transparent protective tissue and first dioptre of the eye, has the particularity of being entirely avascular and very richly innervated under normal physiological conditions. However, these anatomical features do not prevent it from developing myofibroblasts in the event of a deep corneal lesion. Activated by growth factors such as TGF-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor from the aqueous humour, tears or corneal epithelial cells, myofibroblasts can cause corneal scarring, sometimes with devastating consequences. Understanding the factors involved in healing and its signalling pathways, will potentially enable us to control corneal healing in the future, and thus avoid fibrotic ocular surface disease and the blindness that this may induce. Currently, this issue is the subject of very active research and development with the aim of discovering new antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rocher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Robert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- Department of Physiology and EA 6309, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France.
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24
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Huang C, Wu XF, Wang XL. Trichostatin a inhibits phenotypic transition and induces apoptosis of the TAF-treated normal colonic epithelial cells through regulation of TGF-β pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105565. [PMID: 31278993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) contribute to transdifferentiation of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a procedure of phenotypic remodeling of epithelial cells and extensively exists in local tumoral stroma. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Tricostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (SB) are reported to play important roles in the regulation of biological behaviour of cancer cells. However, whether TSA or SB is involved in control of EMT in colon epithelial cells induced by TAFs remains unidentified. In present study, we used conditioned medium (CM) form TAF-like CCD-18Co cells to stimulate 2D- and 3D-cultured colon epithelial HCoEpiC cells for 24 h and 4 d. We found that the CCD-18Co CM triggered multiple morphological changes in HCoEpiCs including prolonged cell diameters, down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin and α-SMA. Besides, ZEB1 and Snail expression and migration were also promoted by the CM. These phenomena were abolised by 5 μg/ml LY364947, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. CCD-18Co induced up-regulation of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the 2D and 3D models, while no change of HDAC4 exprerssion was found. Treatment of 2 μg/ml TSA reversed the CCD-18Co-induced morphological changes and migration of the HCoEpiCs, and suppressed the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin, α-SMA, ZEB1 and Snail. However, the suppressive effect of 4 mg/ml SB on the EMT was not observed. TSA down-regulated the expressions of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 amd HDAC4. Besides, TSA promoted the apoptosis rate (36.84 ± 6.52%) comparing with the CCD-18Co-treated HCoEpiCs (3.52 ± 0.85%, P < 0.05), with promotion of Bax (0.5893±0.0498 in 2D and 0.8867±0.0916 in 3D) and reduction of Bcl-2 (0.0476±0.0053 in 2D and 0.0294±0.0075 in 3D). TSA stimulated expression of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK in 2D (0.3472±0.0249) and 3D (0.3188±0.0248). After pre-treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-702 (0.5 mg/ml), the apoptosis rate of TSA was decreased in 2D (10.32%) and 3D (5.26%). Our observations demonstrate that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitor TSA may be a useful therapeutic tool for the reversion of TAF-induced EMT in colon epithelium through mediating canonical Smads pathway and non-canonical p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Xiao-Fen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Wang
- Health Management Centre, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shenzhen, Traditional Chinese Medicine University Of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, 518100, China
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25
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Wang XL, Huang C. Difference of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by tumor-associated fibroblasts and colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2749-2759. [PMID: 30835040 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) crucially functions in tumor initiation and progression. Stroma-tumor interactions and cellular transdifferentiation are the prerequisite for tumor formation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a major cytokine secreted by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and cancer cells, is a crucial player involving cell transdifferentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that these TAFs and cancer cells also affect normal colon epithelium. In our study, we found for the first time that colon cancer cells HCT116 and TAF-like CCD-18Co cells induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like transdifferentiation in colon epithelial cells HCoEpiCs, with enhanced migratio. Dysfunction of TGF-β/Smads signal was also observed in the EMT-transformed HCoEpiCs. We wondered whether these phenomena were regulated by TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. A TGFβ receptor kinase I (TβRI) inhibitor LY364947 was used. We found that the EMT induced by the HCT116- and CCD-18Co-derived CM was suppressed by the LY364947. Besides, different expression profiles for the components of TGF-β/Smads pathway were found in the EMT-like HCoEpiCs, but high expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 was the common feature. Our observations suggest that the mechanisms of phenotypic transition of colon epithelial cells are cellular environment-dependent, which maybe a basis of potential therapy targeting TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lian Wang
- Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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26
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Feng H, Zhao X, Guo Q, Feng Y, Ma M, Guo W, Dong X, Deng C, Li C, Song X, Han S, Cao L. Autophagy resists EMT process to maintain retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:507-521. [PMID: 30745838 PMCID: PMC6367589 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most serious fibrous complication that causes vision loss after intraocular surgery, and there is currently no effective treatment in clinical. Autophagy is an important cell biological mechanism in maintaining the homeostasis of tissues and cells, resisting the process of EMT. However, it is still unclear whether autophagy could resist intraocular fibrosis and prevent PVR progression. In this study, we investigated the expression of mesenchymal biomarkers in autophagy deficiency cells and found these proteins were increased. The mesenchymal protein transcription factor Twist can bind to autophagy related protein p62 and promote the degradation of Twist, which reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers. By constructing an EMT model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, we found that autophagy was activated in the EMT process of RPE cells. Moreover, in autophagy deficient RPE cell line via knockdown autophagy related protein 7 (Atg7), the expression of epithelial marker claudin-1 was suppressed and the mesenchymal markers were increased, accompanied by an increase in cell migration and contractility. Importantly, RPE epithelial properties can be maintained by promoting autophagy and effectively reversing TFG-β2-induced RPE fibrosis. These observations reveal that autophagy may be an effective way to treat PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China
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27
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Utility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for an In Vitro Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:33-53. [PMID: 31654385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of stem cell technology, including the technology to induce pluripotency in somatic cells, and direct differentiation of stem cells into specific somatic cell types, has created an exciting new field of scientific research. Much of the work with pluripotent stem (PS) cells has been focused on the exploration and exploitation of their potential as cells/tissue replacement therapies for personalized medicine. However, PS and stem cell-derived somatic cells are also proving to be valuable tools to study disease pathology and tissue-specific responses to injury. High-throughput drug screening assays using tissue-specific injury models have the potential to identify specific and effective treatments that will promote wound healing. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE) are well characterized cells that exhibit the phenotype and functions of in vivo RPE. In addition to their role as a source of cells to replace damaged or diseased RPE, iPS-RPE provide a robust platform for in vitro drug screening to identify novel therapeutics to promote healing and repair of ocular tissues after injury. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an abnormal wound healing process that occurs after retinal tears or detachments. In this chapter, the role of iPS-RPE in the development of an in vitro model of PVR is described. Comprehensive analyses of the iPS-RPE response to injury suggests that these cells provide a physiologically relevant tool to investigate the cellular mechanisms of the three phases of PVR pathology: migration, proliferation, and contraction. This in vitro model will provide valuable information regarding cellular wound healing responses specific to RPE and enable the identification of effective therapeutics.
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28
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Roy A, Palli SR. Epigenetic modifications acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in juvenile hormone action. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:934. [PMID: 30547764 PMCID: PMC6295036 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones are known to regulate gene expression. Antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming during insect development as shown in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Juvenile hormones (JH) play vital roles in the regulation of growth, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and other physiological processes. However, our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of JH action is still limited. Hence, we studied the role of CREB binding protein (CBP, contains HAT domain) and Trichostatin A (TSA, HDAC inhibitor) on JH action. RESULTS Exposure of Tribolium castaneum cells (TcA cells) to JH or TSA caused an increase in expression of Kr-h1 (a known JH-response gene) and 31 or 698 other genes respectively. Knockdown of the gene coding for CBP caused a decrease in the expression of 456 genes including Kr-h1. Interestingly, the expression of several genes coding for transcription factors, nuclear receptors, P450 and fatty acid synthase family members that are known to mediate JH action were affected by CBP knockdown or TSA treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that acetylation and deacetylation mediated by HATs and HDACs play an important role in JH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 21 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
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29
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Yang L, Chang Y, Cao P. CCR7 preservation via histone deacetylase inhibition promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:231-237. [PMID: 30107147 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) differs in various types of cancers. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of HDAC inhibition on EMT in HCC cells by using trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA). The results showed that TSA/VPA significantly induced EMT phenotype, as demonstrated by the decreased level of E-cadherin, increased level of N-cadherin, vimentin, Twist and snail, and enhanced capacity of cell migration and invasion. In addition, CCR7 was speculated and confirmed as a function target of HDAC inhibition. CCR7 promotes the progression of HCC and is associated with poor survival. Knockdown of CCR7 significantly attenuated the effect of TSA on EMT. Moreover, our results demonstrated that HDAC inhibition up-regulates CCR7 via reversing the promoter hypoacetylation and increasing CCR7 transcription. Taken together, our study has identified the function of HDAC in EMT of HCC and suggested a novel mechanism through which TSA/VPA exerts its carcinogenic roles in HCC. HDAC inhibitors require careful caution before their application as new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoji Central hospital, Baoji 721008, China
| | - Yanxiang Chang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Peilong Cao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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30
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HDAC1 triggers the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via upregulation of interleukin-8. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1347-1356. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTargeted inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is one of the potent anticancer therapy approaches. Our data showed that mRNA and protein levels of HDAC1 in breast cancer cells were greater than that in normal fibroblast 3T3 cells and normal epithelial breast MCF10A cells. The mRNA levels of HDAC1 in 75% of breast cancer tissues (18/24) were greater than that in their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of HDAC1 by specific siRNAs can suppress the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and inhibit the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), while not IL-6. While recombinant IL-8 (rIL-8) can attenuate the suppression effects of si-HDAC1 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. HDAC1 can positively regulate the transcription and promoter activities of IL-8. While NF-κB and MAPK, two important signals responsible for the transcription of IL-8, did not mediate HDAC1 regulated IL-8 expression. The expression and nuclear translocation of Snail were increased in HDAC1 over expressed breast cancer cells. Targeted inhibition of Snail can attenuate HDAC1 over expression induced cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our data showed that HDAC1 can trigger the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of Snail/IL-8 signals.
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31
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Tung CW, Hsu YC, Cai CJ, Shih YH, Wang CJ, Chang PJ, Lin CL. Trichostatin A ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through modulation of the JNK-dependent Notch-2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14495. [PMID: 29101337 PMCID: PMC5670251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological feature in a variety of chronic kidney disease. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, reportedly attenuates renal fibrosis in various kidney disease models. However, the detailed molecular action of TSA in ameliorating renal fibrotic injury is not yet fully understood. In a cultured renal fibroblastic cell model, we showed that TGF-β1 triggers upregulation of α-SMA and fibronectin, two hallmarks of myofibroblastic activation. During the course of TGF-β1 treatment, activation of Smad2/3, p38, ERK, JNK and Notch-2 was also detected. Under the conditions, administration of TSA significantly decreased TGF-β1-stimulated expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, phospho-JNK, and cleaved Notch-2; however, the levels of phospho-Smad2/3, phospho-p38 and phospho-ERK remained unchanged. Pharmacological inhibition of different signaling pathways and genetic knockdown of Notch-2 further revealed JNK as an upstream effector of Notch-2 in TGF-β1-mediated renal fibrosis. Consistently, we also demonstrated that administration of TSA or a γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 in the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction significantly ameliorated renal fibrosis through suppression of the JNK/Notch-2 signaling activation. Taken together, our findings provide further insights into the crosstalk among different signaling pathways in renal fibrosis, and elucidate the molecular action of TSA in attenuating fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wu Tung
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jhih Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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32
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Nagarajan D, Wang L, Zhao W, Han X. Trichostatin A inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the alveolar epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101745-101759. [PMID: 29254201 PMCID: PMC5731911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are major complications following thoracic radiotherapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue injury leading to organ fibrosis, including lung. Our previous studies have reported that radiation can induce EMT in the type II alveolar epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo. HDAC inhibitors are a new family of anti-cancer agents currently being used in several clinical trials. In addition to their intrinsic anti-tumor properties, HDAC inhibition is also important in other human diseases, including fibrosis and radiation-induced damage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, on radiation-induced EMT in type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). Pre-treatment of RLE-6TN cells with TSA inhibited radiation-induced EMT-like morphological alterations including elevated protein level of α-SMA and Snail, reduction of E-cadherin expression, enhanced phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK1/2, increased generation of ROS. Radiation enhanced the protein level of TGF-β1, which was blocked by N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. Treating cells with SB-431542, TGF-β1 type I receptor inhibitor, diminished radiation-induced alterations in the protein levels of p-GSK-3β, Snail-1 and α-SMA, suggesting a regulatory role of TGF-β1 in EMT. Pre-incubation of cells with TSA showed significant decrease in the level of TGF-β1 compared to radiation control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that i] radiation-induced EMT in RLE-6TN cells is mediated by ROS/MEK/ERK and ROS/TGF-β1 signaling pathways and ii] the inhibitory role of TSA in radiation-induced EMT appears to be due, at least in part, to its action of blocking ROS and TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devipriya Nagarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaochen Han
- Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Skrypek N, Goossens S, De Smedt E, Vandamme N, Berx G. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Epigenetic Reprogramming Driving Cellular Plasticity. Trends Genet 2017; 33:943-959. [PMID: 28919019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity to gain a motile mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is essential during embryogenesis and adult physiological processes like wound healing, but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. A series of transcription factors (EMT-inducing transcription factor; EMT-TF) regulate the induction of EMT by repressing the transcription of epithelial genes while activating mesenchymal genes through mechanisms still debated. The nuclear interaction of EMT-TFs with larger protein complexes involved in epigenetic genome modulation has attracted recent attention to explain functions of EMT-TFs during reprogramming and cellular differentiation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interplay between epigenetic regulators and EMT transcription factors and how these findings could be used to establish new therapeutic approaches to tackle EMT-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Skrypek
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; These authors contributed equally
| | - Steven Goossens
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; These authors contributed equally
| | - Eva De Smedt
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation: The dark force in ocular wound healing and fibrosis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 60:44-65. [PMID: 28807717 PMCID: PMC5600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex biological processes to occur in life. Repair of tissue following injury involves dynamic interactions between multiple cell types, growth factors, inflammatory mediators and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant and uncontrolled wound healing leads to a non-functional mass of fibrotic tissue. In the eye, fibrotic disease disrupts the normally transparent ocular tissues resulting in irreversible loss of vision. A common feature in fibrotic eye disease is the transdifferentiation of cells into myofibroblasts that can occur through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Myofibroblasts rapidly produce excessive amounts of ECM and exert tractional forces across the ECM, resulting in the distortion of tissue architecture. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays a major role in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and has been implicated in numerous fibrotic eye diseases including corneal opacification, pterygium, anterior subcapsular cataract, posterior capsular opacification, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, fibrovascular membrane formation associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, submacular fibrosis, glaucoma and orbital fibrosis. This review serves to introduce the pathological functions of the myofibroblast in fibrotic eye disease. We also highlight recent developments in elucidating the multiple signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis that may be exploited in the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies to reduce ocular morbidity due to scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y Shu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ocasio CA, Sansook S, Jones R, Roberts JM, Scott TG, Tsoureas N, Coxhead P, Guille M, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Hochegger H, Bradner JE, Spencer J. Pojamide: An HDAC3-Selective Ferrocene Analogue with Remarkably Enhanced Redox-Triggered Ferrocenium Activity in Cells. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory A. Ocasio
- Genome
Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Rhiannon Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Justin M. Roberts
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas G. Scott
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Peter Coxhead
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - Matthew Guille
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome
Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - James E. Bradner
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John Spencer
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Matoba R, Morizane Y, Shiode Y, Hirano M, Doi S, Toshima S, Araki R, Hosogi M, Yonezawa T, Shiraga F. Suppressive effect of AMP-activated protein kinase on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181481. [PMID: 28719670 PMCID: PMC5515442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays a central role in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of energy homeostasis, on the EMT in RPE cells. In this study, EMT-associated formation of cellular aggregates was induced by co-stimulation of cultured ARPE-19 cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/ml) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 (5 ng/ml). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a potent activator of AMPK, significantly suppressed TNF-α and TGF-β2-induced cellular aggregate formation (p < 0.01). Dipyridamole almost completely reversed the suppressive effect of AICAR, whereas 5’-amino-5’-deoxyadenosine restored aggregate formation by approximately 50%. AICAR suppressed the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin by TNF-α and TGF-β2. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly decreased by AICAR. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, but not the Smad pathway, was inhibited by AICAR. These findings indicate that AICAR suppresses the EMT in RPE cells at least partially via activation of AMPK. AMPK is a potential target molecule for the prevention and treatment of PVR, so AICAR may be a promising candidate for PVR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matoba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Morizane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yusuke Shiode
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Doi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Toshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Araki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mika Hosogi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yonezawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Shiraga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Quercetin Inhibits Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cell Transdifferentiation Possibly by Akt and Erk1/2 Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6147294. [PMID: 28428963 PMCID: PMC5385898 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6147294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin on pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) transdifferentiation into smooth muscle-like cells. TGF-β1-induced PAEC transdifferentiation models were applied to evaluate the pharmacological actions of quercetin. PAEC proliferation was detected with CCK8 method and BurdU immunocytochemistry. Meanwhile, the identification and transdifferentiation of PAECs were determined by FVIII immunofluorescence staining and α-SMA protein expression. The related mechanism was elucidated based on the levels of Akt and Erk1/2 signal pathways. As a result, quercetin effectively inhibited the TGF-β1-induced proliferation and transdifferentiation of the PAECs and activation of Akt/Erk1/2 cascade in the cells. In conclusion, quercetin is demonstrated to be effective for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) probably by inhibiting endothelial transdifferentiation possibly via modulating Akt and Erk1/2 expressions.
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Yang X, Han M, Han H, Wang B, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhao W. Silencing Snail suppresses tumor cell proliferation and invasion by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and arresting G2/M phase in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1251-1260. [PMID: 28259904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for tumor invasion and metastasis. Snail has been proven to be a key regulator of EMT. Several studies have shown compelling evidence that Snail is also an important regulator of tumor growth and aggression; however, the role of Snail in the cell cycle has not been clarified. We decreased Snail expression by siRNA transfection and lentiviral‑mediated RNAi, to explore the effect of silencing Snail on the tumorigenicity and migration of lung carcinoma (lung cancer) cells. The results showed that silencing Snail conferred significant anti-proliferative activity and inhibited cell migration, tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. To understand the mechanism of these effects, we further investigated correlations among Snail expression, EMT and cell cycle. Significantly, Snail knockdown reversed EMT processes in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 was upregulated after silencing Snail. P21 upregulation manifested its tumor suppressor effects and arrested cells in the G2/M phase, not the G1/S phase following Snail depletion in lung cancer cells. These data suggest that silencing Snail decreases the malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells by reversing EMT processes and causing cell cycle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Down-regulated notch signaling in arpe-19 cells Cultured on denuded human Amniotic membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.1.b316-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li Y, Seto E. HDACs and HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026831. [PMID: 27599530 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, it has become clear that epigenetic abnormalities may be one of the hallmarks of cancer. Posttranslational modifications of histones, for example, may play a crucial role in cancer development and progression by modulating gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, and nuclear architecture. Histone acetylation, a well-studied posttranslational histone modification, is controlled by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). By removing acetyl groups, HDACs reverse chromatin acetylation and alter transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, HDACs deacetylate numerous nonhistone cellular substrates that govern a wide array of biological processes including cancer initiation and progression. This review will discuss the role of HDACs in cancer and the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) as emerging drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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Kimsa M, Strzalka-Mrozik B, Kimsa-Dudek M, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Gola J, Adamska J, Mazurek U. Transforming growth factor β-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells after tacrolimus treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:969-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hrgovic I, Doll M, Kleemann J, Wang XF, Zoeller N, Pinter A, Kippenberger S, Kaufmann R, Meissner M. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a decreases lymphangiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p21-dependent pathways. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:763. [PMID: 27716272 PMCID: PMC5045659 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The formation of new lymphatic vessels provides an additional route for tumour cells to metastasize. Therefore, inhibiting lymphangiogenesis represents an interesting target in cancer therapy. First evidence suggests that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may mediate part of their antitumor effects by interfering with lymphangiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of HDACi induced anti-lymphangiogenic properties are not fully investigated so far and in part remain unknown. Methods Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) were cultured in vitro and treated with or without HDACi. Effects of HDACi on proliferation and cell cycle progress were analysed by BrdU assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by quantifying mono- and oligonucleosomes in the cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates. In vitro lymphangiogenesis was investigated using the Matrigel short term lymphangiogenesis assay. The effects of TSA on cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Protein- and mRNA half-life of p21 were analysed by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. The activity of the p21 promoter was determined using a dual luciferase assay and DNA-binding activity of Sp1/3 was investigated using EMSA. Furthermore, siRNA assays were performed to analyse the role of p21 and p53 on TSA-mediated anti-lymphangiogenic effects. Results We found that HDACi inhibited cell proliferation and that the pan-HDACi TSA induced G0/G1 arrest in LEC. Cell cycle arrest was accompanied by up-regulation of p21, p27 and p53. Additionally, we observed that p21 protein accumulated in cellular nuclei after treatment with TSA. Moreover, we found that p21 mRNA was significantly up-regulated by TSA, while the protein and mRNA half-life remained largely unaffected. The promoter activity of p21 was enhanced by TSA indicating a transcriptional mechanism. Subsequent EMSA analyses showed increased constitutive Sp1/3-dependent DNA binding in response to HDACi. We demonstrated that p53 was not required for TSA induced p21 expression and growth inhibition of LECs. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated p21 depletion almost completely reversed the anti-proliferative effects of TSA in LEC. In addition, TSA induced apoptosis by cytochrome c release contributed to activating caspases-9, −7 and −3 and downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP-1 and −2. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrate that TSA - a pan-HDACi - has distinct anti-lymphangiogenic effects in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway and cell cycle arrest via p21-dependent pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2807-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Hrgovic
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany. .,Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60590, Germany.
| | - Monika Doll
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleemann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, C218 LSRC, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nadja Zoeller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Andreas Pinter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, 60590, Germany
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Por ED, Greene WA, Burke TA, Wang HC. Trichostatin A Inhibits Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Activation in an In Vitro Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:415-24. [PMID: 27494828 PMCID: PMC5011631 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding disorder that develops after a retinal tear or detachment. Activation of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is implicated in PVR; however, the mechanisms leading to enhanced RPE proliferation, migration, and contraction remain largely unknown. This study utilized an in vitro model of PVR to investigate the role of acetylation in RPE activation and its contribution to the progression of this disease. Methods: ARPE-19 cells, primary cultures of porcine RPE, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (iPS-RPE) were utilized for cellular and molecular analyses. Cells treated with transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2; 10 ng/mL) alone or in the presence of the broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA; 0.1 μM), were assessed for contraction and migration through collagen contraction and scratch assays, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to assess α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and β-catenin expression after TGFβ2 treatment alone or in combination with TSA. Results: TGFβ2 significantly increased RPE cell contraction in collagen matrix and this effect was inhibited in the presence of TSA (0.1 μM). In agreement with these data, immunofluorescence analysis of TSA-treated iPS-RPE wounded monolayers revealed decreased α-SMA as compared with control. Scratch assays to assess wound healing revealed TSA inhibited TGFβ2-mediated iPS-RPE cell migration. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a role of acetylation in RPE activation. Specifically, the HDAC inhibitor TSA decreased RPE cell proliferation and TGFβ2-mediated cell contraction and migration. Further investigation of pharmacological compounds that modulate acetylation may hold promise as therapeutic agents for PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Por
- Ocular Trauma, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Whitney A Greene
- Ocular Trauma, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Teresa A Burke
- Ocular Trauma, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular Trauma, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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αB-crystallin is essential for the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1455-69. [PMID: 26987815 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2-mediated pathways play a major role in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) during secondary cataract formation, which is also known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Although αB-crystallin is a major protein in LEC, its role in the EMT remains unknown. In a human LEC line (FHL124), TGF-β2 treatment resulted in changes in the EMT-associated proteins at the mRNA and protein levels. This was associated with nuclear localization of αB-crystallin, phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) (S245/250/255), pSmad3 (S423/425), Smad4 and Snail and the binding of αB-crystallin to these transcription factors, all of which were reduced by the down-regulation of αB-crystallin. Expression of the functionally defective R120G mutant of αB-crystallin reduced TGF-β2-induced EMT in LECs of αB-crystallin knockout (KO) mice. Treatment of bovine lens epithelial explants and mouse LEC with TGF-β2 resulted in changes in the EMT-associated proteins at the mRNA and protein levels. This was accompanied by increase in phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (T202/Y204), p38 MAPK (T180/Y182), protein kinase B (Akt) (S473) and Smad2 when compared with untreated cells. These changes were significantly reduced in αB-crystallin depleted or knocked out LEC. The removal of the fibre cell mass from the lens of wild-type (WT) mice resulted in the up-regulation of EMT-associated genes in the capsule-adherent epithelial cells, which was reduced in the αB-crystallin KO mice. Together, our data show that αB-crystallin plays a central role in the TGF-β2-induced EMT of LEC. αB-Crystallin could be targeted to prevent PCO and pathological fibrosis in other tissues.
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Notch signaling regulates M2 type macrophage polarization during the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Cell Immunol 2015; 298:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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HDAC is essential for epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 gene expression during LPS/TLR4-mediated proliferation of lung fibroblasts. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1105-16. [PMID: 26214583 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation of lung fibroblasts is closely correlated with loss of gene expression of thymocyte differentiation antigen-1 (Thy-1), accompanied with deacetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the Thy-1 gene promoter region; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic. We report here that LPS downregulates Thy-1 gene expression by activating histone deacetylases (HDACs) via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Treatment of primary cultured mouse lung fibroblasts with LPS resulted in significant upregulation of TLR4 and enhanced cell proliferation that was abolished by silencing TLR4 with lentivirus-delivered TLR4 shRNA. Interestingly, LPS increased the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC-4, -5, and -7, an effect that was abrogated by HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) or TLR4-shRNA-lentivirus. Consistent with these findings, Ace-H3 and Ace-H4 were decreased by LPS that was prevented by TSA. Most importantly, chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated that LPS decreased the association of Ace-H4 at the Thy-1 promoter region that was efficiently restored by pretreatment with TSA. Accordingly, LPS decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Thy-1 that was inhibited by TSA. Furthermore, silencing the Thy-1 gene by lentivirus-delivered Thy-1 shRNA could promote lung fibroblast proliferation, even in the absence of LPS. Conversely, overexpressing Thy-1 gene could inhibit lung fibroblast proliferation and reduce LPS-induced lung fibroblast proliferation. Our data suggest that LPS upregulates and activates HDACs through TLR4, resulting in deacetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the Thy-1 gene promoter that may contribute to Thy-1 gene silencing and lung fibroblast proliferation.
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Chen Z, Shao Y, Li X. The roles of signaling pathways in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of PVR. Mol Vis 2015; 21:706-10. [PMID: 26109834 PMCID: PMC4478053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the major cause of failure in patients undergoing surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Characterized by the formation of an abnormal contractile membrane within the eye, PVR can cause tractional retinal redetachment. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells morphologically and phenotypically transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells, is the major pathological process implicated in PVR. Among the various cell types involved in the process, retinal pigment epithelium cells are primary contributors although, after decades of research, the mechanisms underlying EMT have remained elusive. Recently, signaling pathways, some involving growth factors, have been demonstrated to contribute to EMT. In this article, we review research to date about the roles of such signaling, including including transforming growth factor-beta-, hepatocyte growth factor-, platelet-derived growth factor-, and Notch-, Wnt/β-catenin-, and Hippo-signaling pathways, in the EMT of PVR.
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Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Overview and Perspectives. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:250812. [PMID: 26137316 PMCID: PMC4468288 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the important refractory ophthalmic diseases, featured with apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. Histone acetylation and deacetylation can regulate chromosome assembly, gene transcription, and posttranslational modification, which are regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have the ability to cause hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins, resulting in a variety of effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Several HDACis have been approved for clinical trials to treat cancer. Studies have shown that HDACis have neuroprotective effects in nervous system damage. In this paper, we will summarize the neuroprotective effects of common HDACis in retinal degenerative diseases and make a prospect to the applications of HDACis in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in the future.
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Attenuation of choroidal neovascularization by histone deacetylase inhibitor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120587. [PMID: 25807249 PMCID: PMC4373846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a blinding complication of age-related macular degeneration that manifests as the growth of immature choroidal blood vessels through Bruch’s membrane, where they can leak fluid or hemorrhage under the retina. Here, we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) can down-regulate the pro-angiogenic hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and up-regulate the anti-angiogenic and neuro-protective pigment epithelium derived factor in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Most strikingly, TSA markedly down-regulates the expression of VEGF receptor-2 in human vascular endothelial cells and, thus, can knock down pro-angiogenic cell signaling. Additionally, TSA suppresses CNV-associated wound healing response and RPE epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. In the laser-induced model of CNV using C57Bl/6 mice, systemic administration of TSA significantly reduces fluorescein leakage and the size of CNV lesions at post—laser days 7 and 14 as well as the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, and smooth muscle actin in CNV lesions at post-laser day 7. This report suggests that TSA, and possibly HDACi’s in general, should be further evaluated for their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNV.
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JI MEIYING, LEE EUNJEOUNG, KIM KIBAE, KIM YANGMI, SUNG ROHYUN, LEE SANGJEON, KIM DONSOO, PARK SEONMEE. HDAC inhibitors induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2299-308. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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