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Liu Y, Yang J, Hilliard TS, Wang Z, Johnson J, Wang W, Harper EI, Ott C, O'Brien C, Campbell L, Crowley B, Grisoli S, Stavrou NM, Juncker-Jensen A, Stack MS. Host obesity alters the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment and impacts response to standard of care chemotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:165. [PMID: 37438818 PMCID: PMC10337170 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) are diagnosed with metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival of 31%. Obesity is a recognized non-infectious pandemic that increases OvCa incidence, enhances metastatic success and reduces survival. We have previously demonstrated a link between obesity and OvCa metastatic success in a diet-induced obesity mouse model wherein a significantly enhanced tumor burden was associated with a decreased M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio (Liu Y et al. Can, Res. 2015; 75:5046-57). METHODS The objective of this study was to use pre-clinical murine models of diet-induced obesity to evaluate the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on response to standard of care chemotherapy and to assess obesity-associated changes in the tumor microenvironment. Archived tumor tissues from ovarian cancer patients of defined body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated using multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of immune markers. RESULTS We observed a significantly diminished response to standard of care paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in HFD mice relative to low fat diet (LFD) controls. A corresponding decrease in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced tumor fibrosis were observed both in murine DIO studies and in human tumors from women with BMI > 30. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the reported negative impact of obesity on OvCa patient survival may be due in part to the effect of the altered M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio and enhanced fibrosis on chemosensitivity. These data demonstrate a contribution of host obesity to ovarian tumor progression and therapeutic response and support future combination strategies targeting macrophage polarization and/or fibrosis in the obese host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Wanrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Harper
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Connor Ott
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Brien
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Leigh Campbell
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Brian Crowley
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Stephen Grisoli
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | | | | | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA.
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Body Composition and Metabolic Dysfunction Really Matter for the Achievement of Better Outcomes in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041156. [PMID: 36831500 PMCID: PMC9953877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although obesity-associated metabolic disorders have a negative impact on various cancers, such evidence remains controversial for ovarian cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of body composition (BC) and metabolism disorders on outcomes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). METHODS We analyzed clinical/genomic data from two cohorts (PUC n = 123/TCGA-OV n = 415). BC was estimated using the measurement of adiposity/muscle mass by a CT scan. A list of 425 genes linked to obesity/lipid metabolism was used to cluster patients using non-negative matrix factorization. Differential expression, gene set enrichment analyses, and Ecotyper were performed. Survival curves and Cox-regression models were also built-up. RESULTS We identified four BC types and two clusters that, unlike BMI, effectively correlate with survival. High adiposity and sarcopenia were associated with worse outcomes. We also found that recovery of a normal BC and drug interventions to correct metabolism disorders had a positive impact on outcomes. Additionally, we showed that immune-cell-depleted microenvironments predominate in HGSOC, which was more evident among the BC types and the obesity/lipid metabolism cluster with worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the relevance of BC and metabolism disorders as determinants of outcomes in HGSOC. We have shone a spotlight on the relevance of incorporating corrective measures addressing these disorders to obtain better results.
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3
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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Yu Y, Gao L, Wang Y, Xu B, Maswikiti EP, Li H, Zheng P, Tao P, Xiang L, Gu B, Lucas A, Chen H. A Forgotten Corner in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Lipids. Front Oncol 2021; 11:751086. [PMID: 34722305 PMCID: PMC8551635 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success owing to the unravelling of unknown molecular forces in cancer immunity. However, it is critical that we address the limitations of current immunotherapy, including immune-related adverse events and drug resistance, and further enhance current immunotherapy. Lipids are reported to play important roles in modulating immune responses in cancer. Cancer cells use lipids to support their aggressive behaviour and allow immune evasion. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells destroys the equilibrium between lipid anabolism and catabolism, resulting in lipid accumulation within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Consequently, ubiquitous lipids, mainly fatty acids, within the TME can impact the function and phenotype of infiltrating immune cells. Determining the complex roles of lipids and their interactions with the TME will provide new insight for improving anti-tumour immune responses by targeting lipids. Herein, we present a review of recent literature that has demonstrated how lipid metabolism reprogramming occurs in cancer cells and influences cancer immunity. We also summarise the potential for lipid-based clinical translation to modify immune treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Abstract
Despite the evidence supporting the relevance of obesity and obesity‐associated disorders in the development, management, and prognosis of various cancers, obesity rates continue to increase worldwide. Growing evidence supports the involvement of obesity in the development of gynecologic malignancies. This article explores the molecular basis governing the alteration of hallmarks of cancer in the development of obesity‐related gynecologic malignancies encompassing cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. We highlight specific examples of how development, management, and prognosis are affected for each cancer, incorporate current knowledge on complementary approaches including lifestyle interventions to improve patient outcomes, and highlight how new technologies are helping us better understand the biology underlying this neglected pandemic. This review focuses on how obesity impacts cancer hallmarks in gynecologic malignancies, thus affecting the diagnosis, management, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Wichmann
- Division of Gynecology and ObstetricsSchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Department of ObstetricsSchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic DiseasesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Mauricio A. Cuello
- Division of Gynecology and ObstetricsSchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Department of GynecologySchool of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
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6
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Chen J, Wang X, Wang X, Li W, Shang C, Chen T, Chen Y. A FITM1-Related Methylation Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Patients With Non-Viral Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 32174969 PMCID: PMC7056874 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in treatment against hepatitis virus infection, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfied. Therefore, there is an unmet need to explore biomarkers or prognostic models for monitoring non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation participates in carcinogenesis of malignancies. In the present study, we analyzed 101 non-viral HCC patients from TCGA database to figure out methylation-driven genes (MDGs) that might get involved in non-viral HCC pathogenesis using MethyMix algorithm. Then we picked out 8 key genes out of 137 MDGs that could affect the overall survival (OS) of both methylation and expression level. Using PCA, Uni-variate, Multi-variate, and LASSO cox regression analyses, we confirmed the potential prognostic value of these eight epigenetic genes. Ultimately, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), ROC, OS, and GSEA analyses, fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein1 (FITM1) was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene in non-viral HCC and an applicable FITM1-methylation-based signature was built in a training set and validated in a testing set. Briefly, our work provides several potential biomarkers, especially FITM1, as well as a new method for disease surveillance and treatment strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xining Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Hossain MA, Saiful Islam SM, Quinn JM, Huq F, Moni MA. Machine learning and bioinformatics models to identify gene expression patterns of ovarian cancer associated with disease progression and mortality. J Biomed Inform 2019; 100:103313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Gu F, Zhang H, Yao L, Jiang S, Lu H, Xing X, Zhang C, Jiang P, Zhang R. Leptin contributes to the taxol chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:561-570. [PMID: 31289528 PMCID: PMC6546982 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a gynecological malignancy with high morbidity. Treating EOC remains a challenge, as the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear and chemoresistance is a common occurrence. A number of previous studies have revealed that obesity is closely associated with cancer and leptin, as a link between cancer and obesity, has become a focus of research in recent years. In the present study, survival database analysis demonstrated that leptin expression was associated with poor prognoses in patients treated with platinum and paclitaxel/docetaxel. A cell activity assay demonstrated that leptin reduced the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel/docetaxel. Furthermore, flow cytometry results revealed that treatment with exogenous leptin reduced the proportion of ovarian cancer cells in G2/M phase, which was significantly elevated following paclitaxel/docetaxel chemotherapy. It was also verified that transcription factor CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α can bind to the upstream promoter region of leptin and activate its transcription in ovarian cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that leptin serves an important role in chemoresistance and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer in patients treated with platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liangqing Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Huan Lu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
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9
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Kato S, Liberona MF, Cerda-Infante J, Sánchez M, Henríquez J, Bizama C, Bravo ML, Gonzalez P, Gejman R, Brañes J, García K, Ibañez C, Owen GI, Roa JC, Montecinos V, Cuello MA. Simvastatin interferes with cancer 'stem-cell' plasticity reducing metastasis in ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:821-836. [PMID: 29848667 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell plasticity of 'stem-like' cancer-initiating cells (CICs) is a hallmark of cancer, allowing metastasis and cancer progression. Here, we studied whether simvastatin, a lipophilic statin, could impair the metastatic potential of CICs in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-ovC), the most lethal among the gynecologic malignancies. qPCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess simvastatin effects on proteins involved in stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal cell plasticity (EMT). Its effects on tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated using different models (e.g., spheroid formation and migration assays, matrigel invasion assays, 3D-mesomimetic models and cancer xenografts). We explored also the clinical benefit of statins by comparing survival outcomes among statin users vs non-users. Herein, we demonstrated that simvastatin modifies the stemness and EMT marker expression patterns (both in mRNA and protein levels) and severely impairs the spheroid assembly of CICs. Consequently, CICs become less metastatic in 3D-mesomimetic models and show fewer ascites/tumor burden in HGS-ovC xenografts. The principal mechanism behind statin-mediated effects involves the inactivation of the Hippo/YAP/RhoA pathway in a mevalonate synthesis-dependent manner. From a clinical perspective, statin users seem to experience better survival and quality of life when compared with non-users. Considering the high cost and the low response rates obtained with many of the current therapies, the use of orally or intraperitoneally administered simvastatin offers a cost/effective and safe alternative to treat and potentially prevent recurrent HGS-ovCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kato
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - M F Liberona
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cerda-Infante
- Department of Hematology and OncologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cellular and MolecularFaculty of Biological Sciences, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sánchez
- Department of Hematology and OncologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Henríquez
- Department of Hematology and OncologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Bizama
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - M L Bravo
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculty of Biological Sciences, PUC, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyPUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Gonzalez
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculty of Biological Sciences, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Gejman
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Brañes
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - K García
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - C Ibañez
- Department of Hematology and OncologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyPUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - G I Owen
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculty of Biological Sciences, PUC, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyPUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - J C Roa
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyPUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Montecinos
- Department of Hematology and OncologyFaculty of Medicine, PUC, Santiago, Chile
| | - M A Cuello
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
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