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Nong ZL, Zhao K, Wang Y, Yu Z, Wang CJ, Chen JQ. CLIC1-mediated autophagy confers resistance to DDP in gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:1-11. [PMID: 37104099 PMCID: PMC10720815 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been a constant concern to researchers as one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The treatment options for gastric cancer include surgery, chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Cisplatin (DDP) has been approved as a critical chemotherapy drug to treat various kinds of solid tumors. Although DDP is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, many patients develop drug resistance during treatment, which has become a severe problem in clinical chemotherapy. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of DDP resistance in gastric cancer. The results show that intracellular chloride channel 1 (CLIC1) expression was increased in AGS/DDP and MKN28/DDP, and as compared to the parental cells, autophagy was activated. In addition, the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to DDP was decreased compared to the control group, and autophagy increased after overexpression of CLIC1. On the contrary, gastric cancer cells were more sensitive to cisplatin after transfection of CLIC1siRNA or treatment with autophagy inhibitors. These experiments suggest that CLIC1 could alter the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to DDP by activating autophagy. Overall, the results of this study recommend a novel mechanism of DDP resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Liang Nong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Guangxi Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Guangxi Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images
| | - Zhu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Guangxi Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images
| | - Cong-jun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Guangxi Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images
| | - Jun-Qiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
- Guangxi Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images
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Zhang L, Chen X, Yao S, Zheng L, Yang X, Wang Y, Li X, Wu E, Tuo B. Intracellular chloride channel 1 and tumor. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3300-3314. [PMID: 37693147 PMCID: PMC10492100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major intracellular anion, chloride plays an important role in maintaining intracellular and extracellular ion homeostasis, osmotic pressure, and cell volume. Intracellular chloride channel 1, which has the physiological role of forming membrane proteins in the lipid bilayer and playing ion channels, is a hot research topic in recent years. It has been found that CLIC1 does not only act as an ion channel but also participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and intracellular oxidation; thus, it participates in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of various tumor cells in various systems throughout the body. At the same time, CLIC1 is highly expressed in tumor cells and is associated with malignancy and a poor prognosis. This paper reviews the pathological mechanisms of CLIC1 in systemic diseases, which is important for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of systemic diseases associated with CLIC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Enqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China
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Chaudhary S, Ganguly S, Palanichamy JK, Singh A, Pradhan D, Bakhshi R, Chopra A, Bakhshi S. Mitochondrial gene expression signature predicts prognosis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1109518. [PMID: 36845715 PMCID: PMC9947241 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gene expression profile of mitochondrial-related genes is not well deciphered in pediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We aimed to identify mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pediatric AML with their prognostic significance. Methods Children with de novo AML were included prospectively between July 2016-December 2019. Transcriptomic profiling was done for a subset of samples, stratified by mtDNA copy number. Top mitochondria-related DEGs were identified and validated by real-time PCR. A prognostic gene signature risk score was formulated using DEGs independently predictive of overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis. Predictive ability of the risk score was estimated along with external validation in The Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML dataset. Results In 143 children with AML, twenty mitochondria-related DEGs were selected for validation, of which 16 were found to be significantly dysregulated. Upregulation of SDHC (p<0.001), CLIC1 (p=0.013) and downregulation of SLC25A29 (p<0.001) were independently predictive of inferior OS, and included for developing prognostic risk score. The risk score model was independently predictive of survival over and above ELN risk categorization (Harrell's c-index: 0.675). High-risk patients (risk score above median) had significantly inferior OS (p<0.001) and event free survival (p<0.001); they were associated with poor-risk cytogenetics (p=0.021), ELN intermediate/poor risk group (p=0.016), absence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (p=0.027), and not attaining remission (p=0.016). On external validation, the risk score also predicted OS (p=0.019) in TCGA dataset. Discussion We identified and validated mitochondria-related DEGs with prognostic impact in pediatric AML and also developed a novel 3-gene based externally validated gene signature predictive of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Sameer Bakhshi,
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Geng H, Feng C, Sun Z, Fan X, Xie Y, Gu J, Fan L, Liu G, Li C, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Li X, Liu X. Chloride intracellular channel 1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation via mTOR signalling. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101560. [PMID: 36252281 PMCID: PMC9579717 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical significance of Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its functional contribution and molecular mechanisms to the progression of ESCC. METHODS CLIC1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of 86 ESCC tissue specimens and paired normal adjacent esophageal tissues. Associations between clinicopathological features of ESCC and CLIC1 expression were determined. In vitro analyses examined CLIC1 expression in the ESCC cell lines KYSE150 and TE1 using RT-PCR and Western blotting. The downstream pathways of CLIC1 were detected by lentiviral shRNA knockdown and subsequent proteomic analyses. CLIC1 siRNA knockdown was performed in ESCC cell lines KYSE150 and TE1 and the functional effects of CLIC1 on the growth and proliferation of ESCC cells were evaluated combined with cell viability and colony formation assays; the mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting based on the previous proteomic data. RESULTS CLIC1 expression was significantly increased in ex vivo ESCC tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues, and the up-regulation was associated with clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) classifications. Knockdown of CLIC1 inhibited in vitro cell proliferation of ESCC cell lines KYSE150 and TE1. CLIC1 knockdown down-regulated the protein expression of p-mTOR and the downstream targets Rictor and p-4EBP1 in both KYSE150 and TE1 cell lines. And the CLIC1 knockdown induced inhibition of cell proliferation on ESCC cells could be rescued by mTOR overexpression. CONCLUSIONS CLIC1 expression increases during esophageal carcinogenesis and it may functionally contribute to the progression of ESCC through growth promotion effects by promoting the mTOR and downstream signaling pathway. CLIC1 therefore constitutes a candidate molecular biomarker of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhangran Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yiqing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinghua Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Libin Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450053, China,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450053, China,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450053, China,Corresponding author at: School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450053, China.
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Xia J, Wang Q, Ju F, Luo X, Wang F, Zhou Y, Huang H, Wang H, Bao X. Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 is a Potential Biomarker for Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2022; 14:247-258. [PMID: 36081926 PMCID: PMC9447450 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s367519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multiple reports have demonstrated that highly expressed chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) exists in a range of malignant tumors and is involved in proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. There are few studies on CLIC1 and breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the expression level of CLIC1 in BC and its impact on prognosis of BC patients. Patients and Methods Differences in CLIC1 expression levels in 25 pairs of BC and corresponding paracancerous specimens were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to discuss the relevance between CLIC1 expression in BC tissue chips and clinicopathological parameters of BC patients. The effect of CLIC1 expression on patient prognosis was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the diagnostic performance of CLIC1 for BC. Results The experimental results of qRT-PCR and WB demonstrated that CLIC1 was highly expressed in BC tissues. IHC results showed that overexpression of CLIC1 was strictly correlated with tumor size, TNM classification, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and Ki67. Patients with lower CLIC1 expression had longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Cox regression analysis and ROC curve confirmed that CLIC1 could independently influence the prognosis of BC patients and might have diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion Overexpressed CLIC1 is closely related to the progression of BC and the poor prognosis of the patients, suggesting that it may act as a potential biological diagnostic index for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Xia
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quhui Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Ju
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hua Wang, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 137 062 92250, Email
| | - Xingli Bao
- Department of Medical Equipment, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
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Wei X, Pan B, Yang M, Shu W, Khan AR, Su R, Lin H, Xu X. CLIC1 Drives Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating VEGFA. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221106820. [PMID: 35722791 PMCID: PMC9344124 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate the role of CLIC1 in HCC angiogenesis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to test the expression of CLIC1 and CD34 in 67 pairs of HCC and paracarcinoma tissues. The prognosis data of the patients were used to analyze the clinical relevance of CLIC1. We built a coculture system of HCC cells and endothelial cells to explore the migration of endothelial cells. Conditioned media (CMs) from HCC cells was then collected to assess endothelial cell migration. Experiments were then conducted to confirm the relationship between CLIC1 and angiogenesis in a subcutaneous tumor model. Results: CLIC1 expression was higher in HCC tumor tissues than in paracarcinoma tissues. Patients with increased CLIC1 expression showed a higher microvascular density (MVD; P = .013). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that patients with lower expression of CLIC1 had better overall survival (P < .001) and recurrence-free survival (P = .046). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in CMs from CLIC1-knockdown cells was lower than in the control group, while VEGFA in CMs from CLIC1 overexpression cells was higher than in the control group. CMs from CLIC1 overexpression cell lines promote the in vitro migration of EA.hy926 cells. Meanwhile, adding Bevacizumab to CMs from CLIC1 overexpression cells significantly inhibited this migration. The growth of xenograft tumors derived from CLIC1-knockdown Huh7 cells was restrained compared with the control group (P < .001). IHC staining showed MVD was higher in tumors with CLIC1 overexpression. Conclusion: CLIC1 is a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients, and expression of CLIC1 correlates with angiogenesis in HCC through regulating VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 71069Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binhua Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 71069Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyi Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 71069Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 71069Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 71069Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wilczyński B, Dąbrowska A, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. The Role of Chloride Channels in the Multidrug Resistance. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 35054564 PMCID: PMC8781147 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of medicine's main and most challenging aims is finding effective ways to treat cancer. Unfortunately, although there are numerous anti-cancerous drugs, such as cisplatin, more and more cancerous cells create drug resistance. Thus, it is equally important to find new medicines and research the drug resistance phenomenon and possibilities to avoid this mechanism. Ion channels, including chloride channels, play an important role in the drug resistance phenomenon. Our article focuses on the chloride channels, especially the volume-regulated channels (VRAC) and CLC chloride channels family. VRAC induces multidrug resistance (MDR) by causing apoptosis connected with apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) and VRAC are responsible for the transport of anti-cancerous drugs such as cisplatin. VRACs are a group of heterogenic complexes made from leucine-rich repetition with 8A (LRRC8A) and a subunit LRRC8B-E responsible for the properties. There are probably other subunits, which can create those channels, for example, TTYH1 and TTYH2. It is also known that the ClC family is involved in creating MDR in mainly two mechanisms-by changing the cell metabolism or acidification of the cell. The most researched chloride channel from this family is the CLC-3 channel. However, other channels are playing an important role in inducing MDR as well. In this paper, we review the role of chloride channels in MDR and establish the role of the channels in the MDR phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wilczyński
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Alicja Dąbrowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Dishman AF, Peterson FC, Volkman BF. Specific binding-induced modulation of the XCL1 metamorphic equilibrium. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23402. [PMID: 32986858 PMCID: PMC8004533 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The metamorphic protein XCL1 switches between two distinct native structures with different functions in the human immune system. This structural interconversion requires complete rearrangement of all hydrogen bonding networks, yet fold-switching occurs spontaneously and reversibly in solution. One structure occupies the canonical α-β chemokine fold and binds XCL1's cognate G-protein coupled receptor, while the other structure occupies a dimeric, all-β fold that binds glycosaminoglycans and has antimicrobial activity. Both of these functions are important for the biologic role of XCL1 in the immune system, and each structure is approximately equally populated under near-physiologic conditions. Recent work has begun to illuminate XCL1's role in combatting infection and cancer. However, without a way to control XCL1's dynamic structural interconversion, it is difficult to study the role of XCL1 fold-switching in human health and disease. Thus, a molecular tool that can regulate the fractional population of the two XCL1 structures is needed. Here, we find by heparin affinity chromatography and NMR that an engineered XCL1 variant called CC5 can trigger a dose-dependent shift in XCL1's metamorphic equilibrium such that the receptor binding structure is depleted, and the antimicrobial structure is more heavily populated. This shift likely occurs due to formation of XCL1-CC5 heterodimers in which both protomers occupy the β-sheet structure. These findings lay the groundwork for future studies seeking to understand the functional role of XCL1 metamorphosis, as well as studies screening for a drug-like molecule that can therapeutically target XCL1 by tuning its metamorphic equilibrium. Moreover, the proof of concept presented here suggests that protein metamorphosis is druggable, opening numerous avenues for controlling biological function of metamorphic proteins by altering the population of their multiple native states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia F. Dishman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francis C. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Wang H, An J, He S, Liao C, Wang J, Tuo B. Chloride intracellular channels as novel biomarkers for digestive system tumors (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:630. [PMID: 34278487 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system malignant tumors are common tumors, and the traditional treatment methods for these tumors include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted drugs. However, diagnosis remains challenging, and the early detection of postoperative recurrence is complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel biomarkers to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment. Accumulating evidence supports the crucial role of chloride channels in the development of multiple types of cancers. Given that chloride channels are widely expressed and involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle, among other processes, they may serve as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. Chloride intracellular channels (CLICs) are a class of chloride channels that are upregulated or downregulated in certain types of cancer. Furthermore, in certain cases, during cell cycle progression, the localization and function of the cytosolic form of the transmembrane proteins of CLICs are also altered, which may provide a key target for cancer therapy. The aim of the present review was to focus on CLICs as biomarkers for digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Suyu He
- The Fourth Department of the Digestive Disease Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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10
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Guo L, Liu M, Dou Y, Duan R, Shen L, Jia L, Wang J, Li C, Li X, Liang T. Screening and identification of haptoglobin showing its important role in pathophysiological process of gallbladder carcinoma. Gene 2021; 776:145429. [PMID: 33444685 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) with poor prognosis has been a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we aimed to screen and identify crucial genes in GBC through integrative analysis of multiple datasets and further experimental validation. A candidate crucial gene, up-regulated haptoglobin (HP), was firstly screened, and then further analysis and validation mainly focused on whether higher enrichment level of HP was responsible for pathophysiological process of GBC. HP was found with diverse expression patterns in various cancer types, and the dynamic expression patterns indicated its spatiotemporal characteristics in different tissues and disease stages, implicating its role in multiple biological processes. Further experimental validation showed that HP could promote the GBC-SD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, implying its role in pathophysiological process of GBC. HP may have a crucial role in occurrence and development of GBC, and it provides possibility as a potential biomarker or target in cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Xue C, Lv L, Jiang J, Li L. Promising long noncoding RNA DLX6-AS1 in malignant tumors. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7682-7692. [PMID: 33437353 PMCID: PMC7791511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although its diagnosis and treatment have greatly improved in recent decades, cancer remains the major cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been found to play a salient role in human tumorigenesis and progression. Distal-less homeobox 6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6-AS1) is a novel lncRNA with aberrant expression in various cancers tissues and cell lines compared with nontumor tissues and normal cell lines. Importantly, DLX6-AS1 is closely associated with tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Patients with high DLX6-AS1 expression often had poorer prognosis than those with low expression. The oncogenicity of DLX6-AS1 mainly (indirectly or indirectly) interacts with targeting genes, and then regulates downstream genes and signaling pathways. Together with the findings of animal model studies, these data suggest that DLX6-AS1 may serve as a feasible predictor or therapeutic target in different cancers. Herein, we summarize the main findings concerning the function and molecular mechanisms of DLX6-AS1 to identify a molecular basis for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiangwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, China
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12
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Silencing ARAF Suppresses the Malignant Phenotypes of Gallbladder Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3235786. [PMID: 32923479 PMCID: PMC7453270 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3235786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ARAF is a member of the RAF kinase family that is necessary for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in various malignancies, including lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers. As the most common biliary tract tumor, gallbladder cancer (GBC) seriously harms human health while the function of ARAF in GBC remains elusive. Here, we found that ARAF expression was upregulated in gallbladder cancer tissues. In vitro, ARAF silencing mediated by RNA interference effectively inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of GBC cells. Moreover, knocking down ARAF suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicated that ARAF functions as an oncogene in GBC and, thus, could be a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
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13
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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14
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Gururaja Rao S, Patel NJ, Singh H. Intracellular Chloride Channels: Novel Biomarkers in Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32116799 PMCID: PMC7034325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins present on the plasma membrane as well as intracellular membranes. In the human genome, there are more than 400 known genes encoding ion channel proteins. Ion channels are known to regulate several cellular, organellar, and physiological processes. Any mutation or disruption in their function can result in pathological disorders, both common or rare. Ion channels present on the plasma membrane are widely acknowledged for their role in various biological processes, but in recent years, several studies have pointed out the importance of ion channels located in intracellular organelles. However, ion channels located in intracellular organelles are not well-understood in the context of physiological conditions, such as the generation of cellular excitability and ionic homeostasis. Due to the lack of information regarding their molecular identity and technical limitations of studying them, intracellular organelle ion channels have thus far been overlooked as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on a novel class of intracellular organelle ion channels, Chloride Intracellular Ion Channels (CLICs), mainly documented for their role in cardiovascular, neurophysiology, and tumor biology. CLICs have a single transmembrane domain, and in cells, they exist in cytosolic as well as membranous forms. They are predominantly present in intracellular organelles and have recently been shown to be localized to cardiomyocyte mitochondria as well as exosomes. In fact, a member of this family, CLIC5, is the first mitochondrial chloride channel to be identified on the molecular level in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while another member, CLIC4, is located predominantly in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we discuss this unique class of intracellular chloride channels, their role in pathologies, such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent developments concerning their usage as theraputic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Neel J Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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15
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Nesiu A, Cimpean AM, Ceausu RA, Adile A, Ioiart I, Porta C, Mazzanti M, Camerota TC, Raica M. Intracellular Chloride Ion Channel Protein-1 Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:299-307. [PMID: 31243111 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents a promising target for personalized therapy. Our aim was to assess CLIC1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cc RCC) and identify its possible prognostic role. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty cases of cc RCC were evaluated and selected for immunohistochemistry. CLIC1 expression was correlated with tumor grade, invasion and heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 87.5% of the cases were CLIC1 positive, with either a homogeneous (31.42%) or a heterogeneous (68.57%) pattern. Low, mild and strong CLIC1 expressing tumors were defined based on nuclear (N), cytoplasmic (C), membrane (M) or combinations of them (NC, NM, CM, NCM) in terms of CLIC1 distribution. A significant correlation was found between tumor grade and percent of positive tumor cells (p=0.017). For G3 tumors, CLIC1 cytoplasmic expression was strongly correlated with high expression status (p=0.025) and tumor heterogeneity (p=0.004). CLIC1 expression was also correlated with metastasis (p=0.046). CONCLUSION We defined four cc RCC groups depending on G, CLIC1 expression and pattern: i) G3/NM/low CLIC1+, ii) G2/CM/mild CLIC1+ iii) G1 or G2/NM or CM /high CLIC1+, and iv) G2/M /high CLIC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nesiu
- Department of Urology, Vasile Goldis University, Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania .,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Amalia Ceausu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Adile
- Department of Urology, Vasile Goldis University, Arad, Romania
| | - Ioan Ioiart
- Department of Urology, Vasile Goldis University, Arad, Romania
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia & Division of Translational Oncology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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16
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Anderson KJ, Cormier RT, Scott PM. Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5732-5772. [PMID: 31636470 PMCID: PMC6801186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell. The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract influence a variety of cellular processes, many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer. In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and zinc (Zn2+) transporters in GI cancer, with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+ channel and CFTR Cl- channel in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger, serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration. Various members of the TRP superfamily, including TRPM8, TRPM7, TRPM6 and TRPM2, have been implicated in GI cancers, especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples. Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression. Zn2+ transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers, in particular, ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer (PC). More than 70 K+ channel genes, clustered in four families, are found expressed in the GI tract, where they regulate a range of cellular processes, including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract. Several distinct types of K+ channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract. Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC, gastric cancer (GC) and CRC, leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion, and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC, where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enhanced disease-free survival in stage II, III, and IV disease. Cl- channels are critical for a range of cellular and tissue processes in the GI tract, especially fluid balance in the colon. Most notable is CFTR, whose deficiency leads to mucus blockage, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in the intestinal tract. CFTR is a tumor suppressor in several GI cancers. Cystic fibrosis patients are at a significant risk for CRC and low levels of CFTR expression are associated with poor overall disease-free survival in sporadic CRC. Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 & 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4). CLIC1 & 4 are upregulated in PC, GC, gallbladder cancer, and CRC, while the CLCA proteins have been reported to be down-regulated in CRC. In summary, it is clear, from the diverse influences of ion channels, that their aberrant expression and/or activity can contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Further, because ion channels are often localized to the plasma membrane and subject to multiple layers of regulation, they represent promising clinical targets for therapeutic intervention including the repurposing of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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17
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Zhao K, Wang Z, Li X, Liu JL, Tian L, Chen JQ. Exosome-mediated transfer of CLIC1 contributes to the vincristine-resistance in gastric cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:97-105. [PMID: 31473882 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study shows that high Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) expression can efficiently enhance invasion and migration of gastric cancer (GC) cells in vitro. Growing evidences have found that exosomes are involved in chemotherapy resistance in several cancers including GC. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the exosome-mediated transfer of CLIC1 in the vincristine-resistance of GC. The effect of exosome-mediated transfer of CLIC1 on the development of resistance to vincristine in GC cell line SGC-7901 and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Exosomes were isolated from cell supernatants by differential ultracentrifugation. Comparing with SGC-7901, the expression level of CLIC1 is higher in vincristine‑resistant cell line SGC-7901/VCR (P < 0.05). After silencing the expression of CLIC1 by RNA interference, the half inhibition concentration (IC50) to vincristine decreased significantly in SGC-7901/VCR, and the expression of CLIC1 decreased significantly in exosomes from SGC-7901/VCR. After 48 h co-culturing with exosomes from SGC-7901/VCR, the IC50 to vincristine in SGC-7901 increased significantly, and the expression of CLIC1, P-gp, and Bcl-2 were significantly up-regulated. CLIC1 was closely associated with the resistance to vincristine in GC, and exosome-mediated transfer of CLIC1 could induce the development of resistance to vincristine in vitro. The possible mechanism was related to up-regulated P-gp and Bcl-2. However, in vivo study was needed to confirm the results in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Lu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jun-Qiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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18
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Yue X, Cui Y, You Q, Lu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA‑124 negatively regulates chloride intracellular channel 1 to suppress the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1380-1390. [PMID: 31364737 PMCID: PMC6718097 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. Aberrant expression of miRNA (miR)-124 has been demonstrated in liver cancer, but its functional mechanism in liver cancer is still largely unknown. Metastasis of liver cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality. The present study showed that miR-124 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. Furthermore, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) was identified as a novel target of miR-124 in liver cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-124 reduced CLIC1 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in liver cancer cells. Downregulation of CLIC1 decreased the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells without affecting cell proliferation. Taken together, these results showed that CLIC1 is a critical target for miR-124-mediated inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion. Thus, miR-124 or suppression of CLIC1 may have diagnostic value and therapeutic potential for the treatment of human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- The Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Qi You
- Medical and Nurse College, Sanmenxia Polytechnic, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
| | - Jufeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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19
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Kong L, Wu Q, Zhao L, Ye J, Li N, Yang H. Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to metastasis of bile duct carcinoma through regulation of miR-122/ CLIC1 and activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1212-1228. [PMID: 31106658 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1593647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to identify specific lncRNAs and miRNAs, as well as mRNAs, involved in bile duct carcinoma (BDC) and to further explore the way in which lncRNA UCA1 regulates cell metastasis ability. Differentially expressed RNAs were screened out from the TCGA database. In in vitro experiments, qRT-PCR was used to measure lncRNA UCA1, miR-122 and CLIC1 expression. We performed a dual luciferase assay to validate the target relationships among UCA1, CLIC1 and miR-122. The cell migration ability was measured by a wound healing assay, and Transwell assays were applied to detect cell invasive ability. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of related proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway. According to the bioinformatics analysis, lncRNA UCA1 and CLIC1 were both significantly upregulated in BDC, while the expression of miR-122 declined compared with the normal group. The target relationship among UCA1, CLIC1 and miR-122 was verified. UCA1 promoted BDC cell migration and invasiveness, while miR-122 inhibited their progression. CLIC1 served as the downstream target gene of miR-122 and had opposite effects. The ERK/MAPK signaling pathway was activated after upregulating UCA1. LncRNA-UCA1 promoted the metastasis of BDC cells by regulating the expression of miR-122 and its downstream gene mRNA CLIC1 and promoted the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, which expanded the horizons of targeted therapy of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- a Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- a Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Liangchao Zhao
- a Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- a Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Nengping Li
- a Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Huali Yang
- b Department of Ultrasound , Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
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Barbieri F, Verduci I, Carlini V, Zona G, Pagano A, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Repurposed Biguanide Drugs in Glioblastoma Exert Antiproliferative Effects via the Inhibition of Intracellular Chloride Channel 1 Activity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 30918838 PMCID: PMC6424887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of in-depth knowledge about the molecular determinants of glioblastoma (GBM) occurrence and progression, combined with few effective and BBB crossing-targeted compounds represents a major challenge for the discovery of novel and efficacious drugs for GBM. Among relevant molecular factors controlling the aggressive behavior of GBM, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents an emerging prognostic and predictive biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target. CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein, co-existing as both soluble cytoplasmic and membrane-associated conformers, with the latter acting as chloride selective ion channel. CLIC1 is involved in several physiological cell functions and its abnormal expression triggers tumor development, favoring tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. CLIC1 overexpression is associated with aggressive features of various human solid tumors, including GBM, in which its expression level is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that modification of microglia ion channel activity, and CLIC1 in particular, contributes to the development of different neuropathological states and brain tumors. Intriguingly, CLIC1 is constitutively active within cancer stem cells (CSCs), while it seems less relevant for the survival of non-CSC GBM subpopulations and for normal cells. CSCs represent GBM development and progression driving force, being endowed with stem cell-like properties (self-renewal and differentiation), ability to survive therapies, to expand and differentiate, causing tumor recurrence. Downregulation of CLIC1 results in drastic inhibition of GBM CSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, making the control of the activity this of channel a possible innovative pharmacological target. Recently, drugs belonging to the biguanide class (including metformin) were reported to selectively inhibit CLIC1 activity in CSCs, impairing their viability and invasiveness, but sparing normal stem cells, thus representing potential novel antitumor drugs with a safe toxicological profile. On these premises, we review the most recent insights into the biological role of CLIC1 as a potential selective pharmacological target in GBM. Moreover, we examine old and new drugs able to functionally target CLIC1 activity, discussing the challenges and potential development of CLIC1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Xu Y, Xu J, Feng J, Li J, Jiang C, Li X, Zou S, Wang Q, Li Y. Expression of CLIC1 as a potential biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary study. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8073-8081. [PMID: 30519049 PMCID: PMC6239106 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s181936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose CLIC1, a member of the highly conserved class ion-channel protein family, is frequently upregulated in multiple human malignancies and has been demonstrated to play a critical role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. However, limited is known about its expression, biological functions, and action mechanism in oral malignancies. We aimed to evaluate whether CLIC1 could be a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CLIC1 in tissue. CLIC1 protein and mRNA were measured through Western immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR. CLIC1 protein expression in plasma was detected via ELISA. A total of 72 OSCC specimens were recruited in this study for evaluation of correlations of CLIC1 with clinicopathological features and survival. Results CLIC1 was significantly overexpressed in tissue and plasma of OSCC patients. It was found that upregulated CLIC1 was distinctly correlated with histological grade, TNM stage, and tumor size. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that OSCC patients with high CLIC1 expression had remarkably poorer overall survival rate than those with low CLIC1 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CLIC1 was the independent prognostic factor for overall survival rate of OSCC patients. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CLIC1 was associated with multiple tumor-associated genes. Conclusion These results indicated that CLIC1 acts as a molecular target in OSCC and may present a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jiali Feng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Xian Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Sihai Zou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
| | - Yong Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China,
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