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Kazmi I, Afzal M, Almalki WH, S RJ, Alzarea SI, Kumar A, Sinha A, Kukreti N, Ali H, Abida. From oncogenes to tumor suppressors: The dual role of ncRNAs in fibrosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155329. [PMID: 38692083 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma is a challenging cancer originating from fibrous tissues, marked by aggressive growth and limited treatment options. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), has opened new pathways for understanding and treating this malignancy. These ncRNAs play crucial roles in gene regulation, cellular processes, and the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to explore the impact of ncRNAs on fibrosarcoma's pathogenesis, progression, and resistance to treatment, focusing on their mechanistic roles and therapeutic potential. A comprehensive review of literature from databases like PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted, focusing on the dysregulation of ncRNAs in fibrosarcoma, their contribution to tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and their cellular pathway interactions. NcRNAs significantly influence fibrosarcoma, affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Their function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors makes them promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Understanding their interaction with the tumor microenvironment is essential for developing more effective treatments for fibrosarcoma. Targeting ncRNAs emerges as a promising strategy for fibrosarcoma therapy, offering hope to overcome the shortcomings of existing treatments. Further investigation is needed to clarify specific ncRNAs' roles in fibrosarcoma and to develop ncRNA-based therapies, highlighting the significance of ncRNAs in improving patient outcomes in this challenging cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renuka Jyothi S
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Aashna Sinha
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Guan Z, Wang H, Tian M. A Cuproptosis-Related gene Signature as a Prognostic Biomarker in Thyroid Cancer Based on Transcriptomics. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10767-9. [PMID: 38594571 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (THCA) is the most prevalent endocrine tumor, and its incidence continues to increase every year. However, the processes underlying the aggressive progression of thyroid cancer are unknown. We concentrated on the prognostic and biological importance of thyroid cancer cuproptosis-related genes in this investigation. Genomic and clinical data were obtained from the UCSC XENA website, and cuproptosis-related genes were obtained from the FerrDb website. We performed differential expression analysis and Cox regression analysis to identify possible predictive targets associated with thyroid cancer prognosis. To assess the role of CDKN2A in thyroid cancer and the ability to predict prognosis on the basis of the CDKN2A expression level, we performed immunohistochemical staining, survival analysis, immunological analysis, functional analysis, and clinical analysis with respect to CDKN2A gene expression. CDKN2A expression levels were found to be inversely correlated with thyroid cancer prognosis. Higher levels of CDKN2A expression were associated with higher T, N, and clinicopathological stage and more residual tumor cells. Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the CDKN2A expression level was shown to be linked with thyroid cancer patients' overall survival (OS). Moreover, we discovered that CDKN2A expression was linked to a dysfunctional tumor immune microenvironment. The study shows that CDKN2A, a cuproptosis-related gene, can be used as a prognostic marker for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Guan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130022, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130022, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyan Tian
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130022, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang M, Zou H, Bai Y, Liu Y, Lv J, Lv L, Liu P, Deng Z, Liu C. Advances in the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:258. [PMID: 37524925 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a good prognosis after radioactive iodine-131 treatment, but there are still a small number of patients who are not sensitive to radioiodine treatment and may subsequently show disease progression. Therefore, radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer treated with radioiodine usually shows reduced radioiodine uptake. Thus, when sodium iodine symporter expression, basolateral membrane localization and recycling degradation are abnormal, radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer may occur. In recent years, with the deepening of research into the pathogenesis of this disease, an increasing number of molecules have become or are expected to become therapeutic targets. The application of corresponding inhibitors or combined treatment regimens for different molecular targets may be effective for patients with advanced radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Currently, some targeted drugs that can improve the progression-free survival of patients with radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, such as sorafenib and lenvatinib, have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. However, due to the adverse reactions and drug resistance caused by some targeted drugs, their application is limited. In response to targeted drug resistance and high rates of adverse reactions, research into new treatment combinations is being carried out; in addition to kinase inhibitor therapy, gene therapy and rutin-assisted iodine-131 therapy for radioactive-iodine refractory thyroid cancer have also made some progress. Thus, this article mainly focuses on sodium iodide symporter changes leading to the main molecular mechanisms in radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, some targeted drug resistance mechanisms and promising new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Huangren Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Yuke Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Pengjie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, KM, 650118, China
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4
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Pathania AS. Crosstalk between Noncoding RNAs and the Epigenetics Machinery in Pediatric Tumors and Their Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2833. [PMID: 37345170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 400,000+ new cancer cases affect children under the age of 20 worldwide. Unlike adult cancers, pediatric cancers develop very early in life due to alterations in signaling pathways that regulate embryonic development, and environmental factors do not contribute much to cancer development. The highly organized complex microenvironment controlled by synchronized gene expression patterns plays an essential role in the embryonic stages of development. Dysregulated development can lead to tumor initiation and growth. The low mutational burden in pediatric tumors suggests the predominant role of epigenetic changes in driving the cancer phenotype. However, one more upstream layer of regulation driven by ncRNAs regulates gene expression and signaling pathways involved in the development. Deregulation of ncRNAs can alter the epigenetic machinery of a cell, affecting the transcription and translation profiles of gene regulatory networks required for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development. Therefore, it is essential to understand the role of ncRNAs in pediatric tumor development to accelerate translational research to discover new treatments for childhood cancers. This review focuses on the role of ncRNA in regulating the epigenetics of pediatric tumors and their tumor microenvironment, the impact of their deregulation on driving pediatric tumor progress, and their potential as effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Zhang K, Wang J, He Z, Qiu X, Sa R, Chen L. Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors in Thyroid Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040559. [PMID: 37111316 PMCID: PMC10142462 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although biologically targeted therapies based on key oncogenic mutations have made significant progress in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer, the challenges of drug resistance are urging us to explore other potentially effective targets. Herein, epigenetic modifications in thyroid cancer, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling and RNA alterations, are reviewed and epigenetic therapeutic agents for the treatment of thyroid cancer, such as DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibitors, HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitors, BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4) inhibitors, KDM1A (lysine demethylase 1A) inhibitors and EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitors, are updated. We conclude that epigenetics is promising as a therapeutic target in thyroid cancer and further clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ziyan He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xian Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin St., Changchun 130021, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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6
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Du Q, Zhou R, Wang H, Li Q, Yan Q, Dang W, Guo J. A metabolism-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis in thyroid carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 13:972950. [PMID: 36685893 PMCID: PMC9846547 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.972950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the cancer hallmarks, important for the survival of malignant cells. We investigated the prognostic value of genes associated with metabolism in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). A prognostic risk model of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) was built and tested based on datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We used Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), a nomogram, concordance index (C-index) and restricted mean survival (RMS) to assess the performance of the risk model, indicating the splendid predictive performance. We established a three-gene risk model related to metabolism, consisting of PAPSS2, ITPKA, and CYP1A1. The correlation analysis in patients with different risk statuses involved immune infiltration, mutation and therapeutic reaction. We also performed pan-cancer analyses of model genes to predict the mutational value in various cancers. Our metabolism-related risk model had a powerful predictive capability in the prognosis of THCA. This research will provide the fundamental data for further development of prognostic markers and individualized therapy in THCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Du
- Department of General Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruhao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjiao Dang
- Department of General Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianjin Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Jianjin Guo,
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7
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Hofmann MC, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Wang JR, Busaidy NL, Sherman SI, Lai SY, Zafereo M, Cabanillas ME. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibitors and redifferentiation in thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:R173-R190. [PMID: 35975971 PMCID: PMC9534048 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases play critical roles in cell survival, proliferation, and motility. Their dysregulation is therefore a common feature in the pathogenesis of a number of solid tumors, including thyroid cancers. Inhibiting activated protein kinases has revolutionized thyroid cancer therapy, offering a promising strategy in treating tumors refractory to radioactive iodine treatment or cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, despite satisfactory early responses, these drugs are not curative and most patients inevitably progress due to drug resistance. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on various mechanisms that thyroid cancer cells develop to bypass protein kinase inhibition and outlines strategies that are being explored to overcome drug resistance. Understanding how cancer cells respond to drugs and identifying novel molecular targets for therapy still represents a major challenge for the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naifa L. Busaidy
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven I. Sherman
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Pyruvate carboxylase promotes malignant transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma and reduces iodine uptake. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:423. [PMID: 36266265 PMCID: PMC9585021 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays a key role in the occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer (TC); however, the relationship between PC and iodine-refractory TC is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of PC in the malignant progression and loss of iodine uptake in papillary TC (PTC) and to explore the potential therapeutic effect of PC inhibitors in iodine-refractory PTC. PC increased cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, inhibited expression of the iodine metabolism-related genes TSHR, NIS, TPO, and TG, and decreased the iodine-uptake capacity by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in PTC cell lines. Furthermore, the PC inhibitor ZY-444 effectively inhibited the activation of PC, reduced the malignant invasiveness, and restored the expression of iodine metabolism-related genes and the iodine-uptake capacity in PTC cells. These findings suggest that PC activation is involved in the progression of iodine-refractory TC and that PC inhibitors may represent a potentially novel targeted therapy for iodine-refractory TC.
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Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:329. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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Histone Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs: Mutual Epigenetic Regulation and Role in Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105801. [PMID: 35628612 PMCID: PMC9146199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, more and more scientists have suggested and confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. This is particularly interesting for a better understanding of processes that occur in the development and progression of various diseases. Appearing on the preclinical stages of diseases, epigenetic aberrations may be prominent biomarkers. Being dynamic and reversible, epigenetic modifications could become targets for a novel option for therapy. Therefore, in this review, we are focusing on histone modifications and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
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Silaghi H, Lozovanu V, Georgescu CE, Pop C, Nasui BA, Cătoi AF, Silaghi CA. State of the Art in the Current Management and Future Directions of Targeted Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073470. [PMID: 35408830 PMCID: PMC8998761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with distant metastases would be classified as radioactive iodine-refractory (RAIR-DTC), evolving into a poor outcome. Recent advances underlying DTC molecular mechanisms have shifted the therapy focus from the standard approach to targeting specific genetic dysregulations. Lenvatinib and sorafenib are first-line, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved to treat advanced, progressive RAIR-DTC. However, other anti-angiogenic drugs, including single targeted TKIs, are currently being evaluated as alternative or salvage therapy after the failure of first-line TKIs. Combinatorial therapy of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling cascade inhibitors has become a highly advocated strategy to improve the low efficiency of the single agent treatment. Recent studies pointed out targetable alternative pathways to overcome the resistance to MAPK and PI3K pathways’ inhibitors. Because radioiodine resistance originates in DTC loss of differentiation, redifferentiation therapies are currently being explored for efficacy. The present review will summarize the conventional management of DTC, the first-line and alternative TKIs in RAIR-DTC, and the approaches that seek to overcome the resistance to MAPK and PI3K pathways’ inhibitors. We also aim to emphasize the latest achievements in the research of redifferentiation therapy, immunotherapy, and agents targeting gene rearrangements in advanced DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horatiu Silaghi
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vera Lozovanu
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Emanuela Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.G.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cristina Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6A Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdana Adriana Nasui
- Department of Community Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Alina Silaghi
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.G.); (C.A.S.)
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12
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Histone H3 lysine-trimethylation markers are decreased by recombinant methioninase and increased by methotrexate at concentrations which inhibit methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101177. [PMID: 34877414 PMCID: PMC8633566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer cells, which require exogenous methionine, despite their ability to synthesize normal amounts of methionine from homocysteine. In contrast, methionine-independent normal cells do not require exogenous methionine in the presence of a methionine precursor. The methionine addiction of cancer cells is due to excess transmethylation reactions. We have previously shown that histone H3 lysine marks are over-methylated in cancer cells and the over-methylation is unstable when the cancer cells are restricted of methionine. In the present study, we show that methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate (MTX) and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), but they affect histone H3 lysine-methylation in the opposite direction. Concentrations of MTX and rMETase, which inhibit osteosarcoma cells viability to 20%, had opposing effects on the status of histone methylation of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. rMETase significantly decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. In contrast, MTX significantly increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. The results suggest that increase or decrease in these methylated histone lysine marks is associated with proliferation arrest of methionine-addicted osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate and recombinant methioninase. MTX increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. RMETase decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Increase/decrease in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 is associated with proliferation arrest.
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Chen W, Zhong M, Yu J, Xie R, Zhou T, Zhang S, Xiong C, Huang D. KMT2B promotes SHPRH expression to regulate 131I sensitivity in thyroid carcinoma cells by affecting FYN protein stability. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110165. [PMID: 34606908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodine (131I) is one of the most well-known and widely used targeted therapies. In thyroid carcinoma (THCA), it has been applied for more than eight decades and is still being utilized to eliminate remnants after resection and to reduce tumor metastases. Here, we aimed to investigate if lysine methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B) silencing could confer 131I resistance to THCA cells and the epigenetic mechanism behind. RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot revealed that KMT2B was poorly expressed in THCA cells, and 131I resistance of cells led to a further decrease in KMT2B expression. EdU, colony formation, TUNEL, and tumor growth and metastasis assays showed that overexpression of KMT2B sensitized THCA cell to 131I and inhibited cell growth and metastasis. Further bioinformatics prediction and functional assay validation revealed that KMT2B elevated SHPRH expression via H3K4me3 modification in the SHPRH promoter, and that SHPRH modulated FYN ubiquitination, thereby promoting its protein degradation. We finally proved that the 131I-resistant cells regained resistance to 131I by FYN overexpression in the presence of KMT2B overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that the overexpression of KMT2B represents a potential target for THCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Meijun Zhong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jichun Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Xiong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
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14
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Li Q, Liu S, Yan J, Sun MZ, Greenaway FT. The potential role of miR-124-3p in tumorigenesis and other related diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3579-3591. [PMID: 33877528 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single-stranded noncoding and endogenous RNA molecules with a length of 18-25 nucleotides. Previous work has shown that miR-124-3p leads to malignant progression of cancer including cell apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and also recovers neural function, affects adipogenic differentiation, facilitates wound healing through control of various target genes. miR-124-3p has been mainly previously characterized as a tumor suppressor regulating tumorigenesis and progression in several cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer (GC), bladder cancer, ovarian cancer (OC), and leukemia, as a tumor promotor in breast cancer (BC), and it has been also widely studied in a variety of neurological diseases, like Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cardiovascular diseases, ulcerative colitis (UC), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To lay the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies, in this review we mainly focus on the most recent years of literature on the functions of miR-124-3p in related major cancers, as well as its downstream target genes. Although current work as yet provides an incomplete picture, miR-124-3p is still worthy of more attention as a practical and effective clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Hematology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, 116044, China. .,Department of Hematology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian, 116044, China. .,Department of Hematology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
| | - Frederick T Greenaway
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
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15
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Cerquetti L, Bucci B, Raffa S, Amendola D, Maggio R, Lardo P, Petrangeli E, Torrisi MR, Toscano V, Pugliese G, Stigliano A. Effects of Sorafenib, a Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitor, on Adrenocortical Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667798. [PMID: 34108938 PMCID: PMC8183165 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of an effective medical treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has prompted the search for better treatment protocols for ACC neoplasms. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor has exhibited effectiveness in the treatment of different human tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the mechanism through which sorafenib acts on ACC, especially since treatment with sorafenib alone is sometimes unable to induce a long-lasting antiproliferative effect in this tumor type. The effects of sorafenib were tested on the ACC cell line H295R by evaluating cell viability, apoptosis and VEGF receptor signaling which was assessed by analyzing VE-cadherin and β-catenin complex formation. We also tested sorafenib on an in vitro 3D cell culture model using the same cell line. Apoptosis was observed after sorafenib treatment, and coimmunoprecipitation data suggested that the drug prevents formation VEGFR-VE-cadherin and β-catenin proteins complex. These results were confirmed both by ultrastructural analysis and by a 3D model where we observed a disaggregation of spheres into single cells, which is a crucial event that represents the first step of metastasis. Our findings suggest that although sorafenib induces apoptotic cell death a small portion of cells survive the treatment and have characteristics of a malignancy. Based on our data we recommend against the use of sorafenib in patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cerquetti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bucci
- Clinic Pathology Unit, San Pietro Hospital Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amendola
- Clinic Pathology Unit, San Pietro Hospital Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Maggio
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pina Lardo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Stigliano,
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16
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Chen L, Wang X, Ji C, Hu J, Fang L. MiR-506-3p suppresses papillary thyroid cancer cells tumorigenesis by targeting YAP1. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Cai J, Huang J, Wang W, Zeng J, Wang P. miR-124-3p Regulates FGF2-EGFR Pathway to Overcome Pemetrexed Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Targeting MGAT5. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11597-11609. [PMID: 33223850 PMCID: PMC7674808 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s274192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether miR-124-3p regulates the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway by targeting MGAT5 to affect the pemetrexed resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods PC9-MTA and H1993-MTA anti-pemetrexed lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were constructed. The cell viability of anti-pemetrexed and parent lung adenocarcinoma cells was analyzed using MTS assay and reverse transcription PCR to determine the expression of miR-124-3p. CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to determine cells’ proliferation and apoptosis. FGF2–EGFR signaling pathway-related proteins and MGAT5 protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. The target relationship between miR-124-3p and MGAT5 was verified by double luciferase assay. A nude mouse model with a transplanted tumor was established using the anti-pemetrexed lung adenocarcinoma cells. Tumor volume and weight were determined, and the apoptosis of tumor cells was observed. Results The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of pemetrexed in anti-pemetrexed lung adenocarcinoma cells was higher than that in parent lung adenocarcinoma cells, and the expression of miR-124-3p in the anti-pemetrexed cells was lower than that of the parent cells. In the miR-124-3p overexpression group, MGAT5 silencing group, and miR-124-3p+MGAT5 overexpression group, compared with the control group, the proliferation ability of cells and tumors was markedly reduced; their apoptosis rates were increased significantly; expression levels of FGF2 and p-EGFR/EGFR were decreased; and the growth rate and tumor volume and mass were reduced; however, the opposite results were obtained in the miR-124-3p silencing group (p<0.05). Conclusion miR-124-3p may inhibit the FGF2–EGFR pathway by targeting MGAT5 to decrease pemetrexed resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuning Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wulong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yang H, Xu Y, Shang D, Shi H, Zhang C, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Bai Z, Cheng S, Li X. ncDRMarker: a computational method for identifying non-coding RNA signatures of drug resistance based on heterogeneous network. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1395. [PMID: 33313140 PMCID: PMC7723624 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug resistance is the primary cause of failure in the treatment of cancer. Identifying signatures of chemoresistance will help to overcome this problem. Current drug resistance studies focus on protein-coding genes and ignore non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), rendering it a challenging task to systematically identify ncRNAs involved in drug resistance. Methods In this study, protein-protein, miRNA-target gene, miRNA-lncRNA interactions were integrated to construct a mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network. Then, the random walk with restart (RWR) method was extended to the network for identifying ncRNA signatures of drug resistance. The leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to estimate the performance of ncDRMarker. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to validate the identified ncRNAs in NCI-60 cancer cell lines. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was implemented to characterize the biological function of some identified ncRNAs. Results We performed this method on ten common clinical chemotherapy drugs and analyzed the results in detail. The region beneath the ROC was up to 0.881–0.951, which did not change significantly in the incomplete network, indicating the high performance and robustness of the method. Further, we confirmed the role of the identified ncRNAs in drug resistance, i.e., miR-92a-3p, a candidate chemoresistance ncRNA of tamoxifen and paclitaxel, can significantly classify cancer cell lines into sensitive or resistant to tamoxifen (or paclitaxel). We also dissected the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA composite network and found that some hub ncRNAs, such as miR-124-3p, were involved in resistance of multiple drugs and engaged in many significant cancer-related pathways. Lastly, we have provided a ncDRMarker platform for users to identify candidate ncRNAs of drug resistance, which is available at http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/ncDRMarker/index. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ncDRMarker is an effective computational technique for prioritizing candidate ncRNAs of drug resistance. Additionally, the identified ncRNAs could be targeted to overcome drug resistance and help realize individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qun Dong
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyi Bai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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KCNQ1OT1 contributes to sorafenib resistance and programmed death‑ligand‑1‑mediated immune escape via sponging miR‑506 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1794-1804. [PMID: 33000204 PMCID: PMC7521583 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and immune escape of tumor cells severely compromise the treatment efficiency of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (lncRNA KCNQ1OT1) has been shown to be involved in drug resistance in several cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of KCNQ1OT1 in sorafenib resistance and immune escape of HCC cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-506 and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to evaluate IC50 value, cell apoptosis and metastasis. ELISA was performed to detect the secretion of cytokines. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationships between miR-506 and KCNQ1OT1 or PD-L1. KCNQ1OT1 and PD-L1 were found to be upregulated and miR-506 was downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC tissues and cells. Furthermore, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown reduced the IC50 value of sorafenib, suppressed cell metastasis and promoted apoptosis in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Moreover, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown changed the tumor microenvironment and T-cell apoptosis in a sorafenib-resistant HCC/T-cell co-culture model. In addition, it was demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-506 and increased PD-L1 expression in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. miR-506 inhibition abolished the effects of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown on sorafenib sensitivity, tumor growth, the tumor microenvironment and T-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited sorafenib resistance and PD-L1-mediated immune escape by sponging miR-506 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.
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20
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Fu H, Cheng L, Sa R, Jin Y, Chen L. Combined tazemetostat and MAPKi enhances differentiation of papillary thyroid cancer cells harbouring BRAF V600E by synergistically decreasing global trimethylation of H3K27. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3336-3345. [PMID: 31970877 PMCID: PMC7131946 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of differentiation therapy with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) for lethal radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid cancer (RR-PTC) urgently needs to be improved and the aberrant trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) plays a vital role in BRAFV600E -MAPK-induced cancer dedifferentiation and drug resistance. Therefore, dual inhibition of MAPK and histone methyltransferase (EZH2) may produce more favourable treatment effects. In this study, BRAFV600E -mutant (BCPAP and K1) and BRAF-wild-type (TPC-1) PTC cells were treated with MAPKi (dabrafenib or selumetinib) or EZH2 inhibitor (tazemetostat), or in combination, and the expression of iodine-metabolizing genes, radioiodine uptake, and toxicity were tested. We found that tazemetostat alone slightly increased iodine-metabolizing gene expression and promoted radioiodine uptake and toxicity, irrespective of the BRAF status. However, MAPKi induced these effects preferentially in BRAFV600E mutant cells, which was robustly strengthened by tazemetostat incorporation. Mechanically, MAPKi-induced decrease of trimethylation of H3K27 was evidently intensified by tazemetostat in BRAFV600E -mutant cells. In conclusion, tazemetostat combined with MAPKi enhances differentiation of PTC cells harbouring BRAFV600E through synergistically decreasing global trimethylation of H3K27, representing a novel differentiation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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MiRNA-506 presents multiple tumor suppressor activities by targeting EZH2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 47:632-642. [PMID: 31932074 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MiR-506 has been reported to be associated with multiple malignancies, but its roles in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are not fully understood. Our objective is to demonstrate its effects on NPC and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Totally fifteen pairs of NPC and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were collected for the detection of miR-506 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression. Dual luciferase reporter assay was employed for verifying the relationship between miR-506 and EZH2. The flow cytometry and MTT assays were employed to explore the effects of miR-506 and EZH2 on the cell apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. Wound closure and transwell assays were used to evaluate the cell migration and invasion abilities. Western blotting or RT-qPCR assays were applied to detect the alterations of miR-506, EZH2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Morphological changes of cells with EMT were assessed by light microscopy. RESULTS MiR-506 was significantly decreased and EZH2 was obviously increased in NPC tissues. Overexpression of miR-506 decreased the EZH2 level, promoted apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of NPC cells. Accordingly, miR-506 overexpression attenuated EMT process of NPC cells as demonstrated by the alterations of EMT-related markers and the morphological changes. In addition, the luciferase assay proved that miR-506 directly targeted EZH2. Furthermore, the overexpression of EZH2 reversed the tumor-suppressive effects induced by miR-506 mimics. CONCLUSION MiR-506 acted as a tumor suppressor to promote apoptosis and inhibit invasion and migration via directly targeting EZH2. MiR-506 can be a candidate target for gene therapy against NPC.
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22
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Wang Z, Dai J, Yan J, Zhang Y, Yin Z. Targeting EZH2 as a novel therapeutic strategy for sorafenib-resistant thyroid carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4770-4778. [PMID: 31087496 PMCID: PMC6584518 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Surgery, post‐operative selective iodine‐131 and thyroid hormone suppression were the most common methods for the therapy of thyroid carcinoma. Although most patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) showed positive response for these therapeutic methods, some patients still have to face the radioactive iodine (RAI)‐refractory problems. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor for patients with advanced RAI refractory DTC. However, the side effects and drug resistance of sorafenib suggest us to develop novel drugs and strategies for the therapy of thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we firstly found that patients with sorafenib resistance showed no significant change in rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma and VEGFR expression levels compared with sorafenib sensitive patients. Moreover, a further miRNAs screen by qRT‐PCR indicated that miR‐124‐3p and miR‐506‐3p (miR‐124/506) were remarkably reduced in sorafenib insensitive patients. With a bioinformatics prediction and functional assay validation, we revealed that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was the direct target for miR‐124/506. Interestingly, we finally proved that the sorafenib resistant cells regained sensitivity for sorafenib by EZH2 intervention with miR‐124/506 overexpression or EZH2 inhibitor treatment in vitro and in vivo, which will lead to the decreased tri‐methylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) and increased acetylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27ac) levels. Therefore, we conclude that the suppression of EZH2 represents a potential target for thyroid carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshi Wang
- Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, China
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