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Zhu J, Lu Y, Gao Z, Chong Y, Li M, Deng W, Xi D. Exploring the additive effect of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids and Tween 80 on feeding Nubian goats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1411071. [PMID: 39071786 PMCID: PMC11272655 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1411071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ban on antibiotics in animal husbandry underscores the crucial need for safe, natural feed additives. This study investigates the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (AGF) and Tween 80 on the growth performance, blood indexes, and rumen microbiota of Nubian goats, evaluating their potential as alternative feed additives in livestock management. Methods Thirty-two goats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (CON group) was provided with a basal diet, while the experimental groups received diets supplemented with various dietary additives for a duration of 100 days: either a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg of monensin (MN group), a basal diet containing 2.0 g/kg of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (AGF group), or a basal diet containing 7.5 mL/kg of Tween 80 (TW group). Blood and rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis at the end of the feeding period. Growth performance was monitored through regular weighing and feed intake measurements. Blood indexes were analyzed using standard biochemical techniques, while the microbial composition of the rumen fluid was determined through high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial diversity and function. The effects of the dietary treatments on growth performance, blood indexes, and rumen microbial composition were then evaluated. Results The AGF group exhibited significantly increased average daily gain, and decreased feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05). Blood indexes analysis revealed no differences between the CON and AGF groups, with both showing higher concentrations of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase compared to the monensin group (p < 0.05). The TW group had significantly higher glucose, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels than the MN group (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the TW group had significantly greater alpha-diversity than other groups, while beta-diversity analysis showed closer similarity between the rumen microbiota of the AGF and CON groups. LEfSe analysis identified Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres, Ehryarchaeoia, and Elusimicrobia as biomarkers distinguishing the rumen microbiota among the groups. In conclusion, AGF supplementation increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rumen of Nubian goats, and thus enhanced the growth performance. TW supplementation significantly increased rumen microbial diversity and abundance, suggesting benefits for rumen health despite poor palatability. These findings highlight the potential of AGF as a new green additive with important implications for the efficiency and development of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongmei Xi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Seoane N, Picos A, Moraña-Fernández S, Schmidt M, Dolga A, Campos-Toimil M, Viña D. Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Disruption of Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:843. [PMID: 38786065 PMCID: PMC11119468 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In various neurodegenerative conditions, inflammation plays a significant role in disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to disease progression. Nitric oxide (NO) emerges as a central regulator of vascular function, with a dual role in inflammation, acting as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory molecule. This study investigates the effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in protecting the BBB from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, using bEnd.3 endothelial cells as a model system. Additionally, Raw 264.7 macrophages were employed to assess the effects of LPS and SNP on their adhesion to a bEnd.3 cell monolayer. Our results show that LPS treatment induces oxidative stress, activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and increases pro-inflammatory markers. SNP administration effectively mitigates ROS production and IL-6 expression, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory role. However, SNP did not significantly alter the adhesion of Raw 264.7 cells to bEnd.3 cells induced by LPS, probably because it did not have any effect on ICAM-1 expression, although it reduced VCAM expression. Moreover, SNP did not prevent BBB disruption. This research provides new insights into the role of NO in BBB disruption induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Seoane
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.S.); (A.P.); (S.M.-F.); (D.V.)
| | - Aitor Picos
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.S.); (A.P.); (S.M.-F.); (D.V.)
| | - Sandra Moraña-Fernández
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.S.); (A.P.); (S.M.-F.); (D.V.)
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.S.); (A.P.); (S.M.-F.); (D.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.S.); (A.P.); (S.M.-F.); (D.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zeng T, Song Y, Qi S, Zhang R, Xu L, Xiao P. A comprehensive review of vine tea: Origin, research on Materia Medica, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116788. [PMID: 37343650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vine tea is a popular folk tea that has been consumed in China for more than 1200 years. It is often used in ethnic medicine by ethnic groups in southwest China with at least 35 aliases in 10 provinces. In coastal areas, vine tea is mostly used to treat heatstroke, aphtha, aphonia, toothache, etc. In contrast, in the southwest inland regions, vine tea is mostly used to clear away heat and toxic materials, antiphlogosis and relieving sore-throat, lowering blood pressure and lipid levels, and alleviating fatigue. Three main species have been used as the source of vine tea, Nekemias grossedentata, Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla. Among them, the leaves of Nekemias grossedentata were considered as new food resource in complicance with regulations, according to the Food Safety Standards published by the Monitoring and Evaluation Department of the National Health and Family Planning Commission in China. AIM OF THE STUDY At present, the comprehensively summary of Materia Medica on the history and source of vine tea is currently unavailable. The current article summed up the Materia Medica, species origin and pharmacological effects of all 3 major species used in vine tea to fill the knowledge gaps. We also aim to provide a reference for future research on historical textual, resource development and medicinal utilization of vine tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adhering to the literature screening methodology outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this review encompasses 148 scholarly research papers from three database, paper ancient books, local chronicles and folklore through field investigations. We then comprehensively summarized and discussed research progresses in scientific and application studies of vine tea. RESULTS The historical records indicated that vine tea could have been used as early as Southern and Northern Dynasties (AC 420-589). Nekemias grossedentata, Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla, were used to considered as vine tea in the ethnic medicine. The main phytochemicals found in three plants are flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids, among which dihydromyricetin (DHM) is the most important and most studied active substance. The key words "Ampelopsis grossedentata" (Synonym of Nekemias grossedentata) and "dihydromyricetin/DHM" showed the highest frequency over the last 27 year based on the research trend analysis. And the ethnopharmacology studies drawn the main activities of vine tea are antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-atherosclerosis activities. CONCLUSIONS This review systematically summarized and discussed vine tea from the following five aspects, history, genetic relationship, phytochemistry, research trend and ethnopharmacology. Vine tea has a long historical usage in Chinese ethnic medicine. Its outstanding therapeutic efficacies have attracted extensive attention in other places in the world at present. Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla are quite similar to Nekemias grossedentata in terms of many aspects. However, the current research has a narrow focus on mainly Nekemias grossedentata and DHM. We propose that future studies could be carried out to determine the synergistic effect of multi-components and multi-targets of vine tea including all 3 species to provide valuable knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shunyao Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhang S, Shi YN, Gu J, He P, Ai QD, Zhou XD, Wang W, Qin L. Mechanisms of dihydromyricetin against hepatocellular carcinoma elucidated by network pharmacology combined with experimental validation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1108-1119. [PMID: 37462387 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2234000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is extracted from vine tea, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-cancer, liver protection, and cholesterol-lowering effects. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mechanism of DMY against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Potential DMY, HCC, and cholesterol targets were collected from relevant databases. PPI networks were created by STRING. Then, the hub genes of co-targets, screened using CytoHubba. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, were performed by Metascape. Based on the above results, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted by using 40-160 μM DMY for 24 h, including transwell migration/invasion assay, western blotting, and Bodipy stain assay. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified 98 common targets and 10 hub genes of DMY, HCC, and cholesterol, and revealed that the anti-HCC effect of DMY may be related to the positive regulation of lipid rafts. Further experiments confirmed that DMY inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and reduces their cholesterol levels in vitro. The IC50 is 894.4, 814.4, 467.8, 1,878.8, 151.8, and 156.9 μM for 97H, Hep3B, Sk-Hep1, SMMC-7721, HepG2, and Huh7 cells, respectively. In addition, DMY downregulates the expression of lipid raft markers (CAV1, FLOT1), as well as EGFR, PI3K, Akt, STAT3, and Erk. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study reveals that DMY suppresses EGFR and its downstream pathways by reducing cholesterol to disrupt lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting HCC, which provides a promising candidate drug with low toxicity for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Peng He
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Di Ai
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Zhou H, Wang J, Wen T. The molecular neural mechanism underlying the acceleration of brain aging due to Dcf1 deficiency. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103884. [PMID: 37506857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the continuous increase in human life expectancy, the management of aging-related diseases has become an urgent issue. The brain dominates the central nervous system; therefore, brain aging is a key area of aging-related research. We previously uncovered that dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1) maintains the stemness of neural stem cells and its expression in Drosophila can prolong lifespan, suggesting an association between Dcf1 and aging; however, the specific underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we show for the first time that hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in aged Dcf1-/- mice, which leads to a decrease in the number of brain neurons and an increased number of senescent cells. Moreover, astrocytes proliferate abnormally and express elevated mRNA levels of aging-related factors, in addition to displaying increased activation of Akt and Foxo3a. Finally, behavioral tests confirm that aged Dcf1-/- mice exhibit a significant decline in cognitive abilities related to learning and memory. In conclusion, we reveal a novel mechanism underlying brain aging triggered by Dcf1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels, providing a new perspective for the exploration of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China.
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Jin L, Shen N, Wen X, Wang W, Lim SW, Yang CW. CTLA4-Ig protects tacrolimus-induced oxidative stress via inhibiting the AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway in rats. Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:393-405. [PMID: 37157174 PMCID: PMC10175874 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2022.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although the conversion from tacrolimus (TAC) to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) is effective in reducing TAC-induced nephrotoxicity, it remains unclear whether CTLA4-Ig has a direct effect on TAC-induced renal injury. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced renal injury in terms of oxidative stress. METHODS In vitro study was performed to assess the effect of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead transcription factor (FOXO) 3 pathway in human kidney 2 cells. In the in vivo study, the effect of CTLA4-Ig on TAC-induced renal injury was evaluated using renal function, histopathology, markers of oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and metabolites (4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase), and activation of the AKT/FOXO3 pathway with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). RESULTS CTLA4-Ig significantly decreased cell death, ROS, and apoptosis caused by TAC. TAC treatment increased apoptotic cell death and apoptosis-related proteins (increased Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2), but it was reversed by CTLA4-Ig treatment. The activation of p-AKT and p-FOXO3 by TAC decreased with CTLA4-Ig treatment. TAC-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative marker levels were significantly improved by CTLA4-Ig in vivo. Concomitant IGF-1 treatment abolished the effects of CTLA4-Ig. CONCLUSION CTLA4-Ig has a direct protective effect on TAC-induced renal injury via the inhibition of AKT/FOXO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Li W, Sang H, Xu X, Zhang Y, Meng X, Chen B. Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in rats. Perfusion 2023; 38:491-500. [PMID: 34979825 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211059901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dihydromyricetin (DMY), also called Ampelopsin, which was extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, has been demonstrated to have a protective effect against cell oxidative injury and cell apoptosis in vitro. In the present study, we tried to study the role of DMY on apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Apoptotic cells were detected by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was estimated through fluorescence assay. The mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. RESULTS The results showed that the pretreatment of VSMCs with DMY not only significantly increased cell viability, reduced intracellular ROS release, alleviated the morphological changes of apoptosis, and decreased the apoptosis rate, but also upregulated Bcl-2 expression and downregulated Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax expression, and ultimately attenuated the H2O2-stimulated apoptosis. CONCLUSION The inhibition of DMY on VSMC apoptosis may be mediated by ROS scavenging and the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Sang
- Department of Pharmacy, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bohua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 74567Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li S, Yang Z, Yang M. Synthesis and Nitric Oxide Release Study of Dinitrosyl Cobalt Complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Nie H, Ji T, Fu Y, Chen D, Tang Z, Zhang C. Molecular mechanisms and promising role of dihydromyricetin in cardiovascular diseases. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vine tea, a Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used in traditional Asian medicine to treat common health problems. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the main functional flavonoid compound extracted from vine tea. In recent years, preclinical studies have focused on the potential beneficial effects of dihydromyricetin, including glucose metabolism regulation, lipid metabolism regulation, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor effects. In addition, DMY may play a role in cardiovascular disease by resisting oxidative stress and participating in the regulation of inflammation. This review is the first review that summaries the applications of dihydromyricetin in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also clarified the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the above process. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding and quick overview for future researches of dihydromyricetin in the field of cardiovascular diseases, and more detailed and robust researches are needed for evaluation and reference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Zhang ZY, Liu C, Wang PX, Han YW, Zhang YW, Hao ML, Song ZX, Zhang XY. Dihydromyricetin Alleviates H9C2 Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy by Regulating CircHIPK3 Expression and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:434-440. [PMID: 36474083 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of dihydromyricetin (Dmy) on H9C2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODS H9C2 cells were randomly divided into 7 groups, namely control, model, EV (empty pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-CopGFP-T2A-Puro vector), IV (circHIPK3 interference), Dmy (50 µ mol/L), Dmy+IV, and Dmy+EV groups. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectivley. Western blot was used to evaluate the levels of light chain 3 II/I (LC3II/I), phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (p-AKT), and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). The level of circHIPK3 was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes in H9C2 cells. RESULTS Compared to H9C2 cells, the expression of circHIPK in H9C2 hypoxia model cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the cell apoptosis and autophagosomes increased, cell proliferation rate decreased significantly, and the expression of LC3 II/I significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared to the model group, the rate of apoptosis and autophagosomes in IV, Dmy, and Dmy+IV group decreased, the cell proliferation rate increased, and the expression of LC3 II/I decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in the model group significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas after treatment with Dmy and sh-circHIPK3, the above situation was reversed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Dmy plays a protective role in H9C2 cells by inhibiting circHIPK expression and cell apoptosis and autophagy, and the mechanism may be related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Gene Related to Disease of Tibet Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Yi-Wei Han
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Mei-Li Hao
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Zi-Xu Song
- School of Finance Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Gene Related to Disease of Tibet Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712082, China.
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NIE H, JI T, FU Y, CHEN D, TANG Z, ZHANG C. Molecular mechanisms and promising role of dihydromyricetin in cardiovascular diseases. Physiol Res 2022; 71:749-762. [PMID: 36426886 PMCID: PMC9814984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vine tea, a Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used in traditional Asian medicine to treat common health problems. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the main functional flavonoid compound extracted from vine tea. In recent years, preclinical studies have focused on the potential beneficial effects of dihydromyricetin, including glucose metabolism regulation, lipid metabolism regulation, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor effects. In addition, DMY may play a role in cardiovascular disease by resisting oxidative stress and participating in the regulation of inflammation. This review is the first review that summaries the applications of dihydromyricetin in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also clarified the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the above process. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding and quick overview for future researches of dihydromyricetin in the field of cardiovascular diseases, and more detailed and robust researches are needed for evaluation and reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao NIE
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianyi JI
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu FU
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Danyang CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Zhouping TANG
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Cuntai ZHANG
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pei H, Liu S, Zeng J, Liu J, Wu H, Chen W, He Z, Du R. Ros-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in the ameliorating effect of ginsenoside GSLS on chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:675-688. [PMID: 36152060 PMCID: PMC9970306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), as an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide, often remains on food surfaces or contaminates water sources. CPF can cause many toxic effects on human production and life. As an additional product of non-medicinal parts of ginseng, the pharmacological activity of ginseng stem and leaf total saponin (GSLS) has been verified and applied in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of GSLS on CPF-induced liver damage in mice. Experimental results in vivo demonstrate that GSLS can reduce the accumulation of oxidation product MDA by relieving CPF-induced liver function indicators in mice and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme SOD and CAT activities of mice. With the decrease in mRNA expression of BAX, NF-KB, and TIMP in liver tissues, the mRNA expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and XIAP increased. Through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects, cpf-induced hepatotoxicity can be alleviated by GSLS. In vitro experiments have proved that GSLS can show the ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, GSLS can alleviate chlorpyrifos-induced ROS accumulation in L02 cells, alleviating cytokinetic potential reduction. In summary, by fighting oxidative stress, GSLS can alleviate liver damage caused by CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Silu Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianning Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinze Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Zhang S, Fan L, Wang Y, Xu J, Shen Q, Xie J, Zeng Z, Zhou T. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by targeting c-KIT/interleukin-6 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932092. [PMID: 36003494 PMCID: PMC9393384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic cardiovascular disease with high morbidity that lacks effective pharmacotherapeutics. As a natural flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, dihydromyricetin (DHM) has been shown to be effective in protecting against atherosclerosis; yet, the therapeutic role of DHM in CAVD remains poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to clarify the therapeutic implications of DHM in CAVD and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs). Methods and Results: The protein levels of two known osteogenesis-specific genes (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) and calcified nodule formation in hVICs were detected by Western blot and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The results showed that DHM markedly ameliorated osteogenic induction medium (OM)–induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs, as evidenced by downregulation of ALP and Runx2 expression and decreased calcium deposition. The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to identify the potential AVC-associated direct protein target of DHM. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that c-KIT, a tyrosine-protein kinase, can act as a credible protein target of DHM, as evidenced by molecular docking. Mechanistically, DHM-mediated inhibition of c-KIT phosphorylation drove interleukin-6 (IL-6) downregulation in CAVD, thereby ameliorating OM-induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs and aortic valve calcification progression. Conclusion: DHM ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of hVICs by blocking the phosphorylation of c-KIT, thus reducing IL-6 expression in CAVD. DHM could be a viable therapeutic supplement to impede CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Leilei Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
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Li X, Wang X, Wang B, Chi W, Li Z, Zhang M, Shen Y, Liu X, Lu Y, Liu Y. Dihydromyricetin protects against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154027. [PMID: 35278898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective broad-spectrum antitumor agent, but its clinical administration is limited by self-induced cardiotoxicity. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Japanese raisin tree. Evidence that DHM has neovascular protective properties makes it a candidate for studying cardiotoxicity prevention strategy. However, it remains unknown if DHM can protect against cardiotoxicity caused by DOX. PURPOSE The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of DHM on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX to construct cardiac injury model in vivo, and AC16 cells were exposed to DOX to induce cell injury in vitro. Left ventricular function of mice were detected by echocardiography, the apoptosis of mice cardiac tissue and AC16 cells were detected by TUNEL and Hoechst33342/PI double staining. The expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were detected by western blotting, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Echocardiographic results showed that DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were significantly alleviated by DHM pretreatment. DOX induced cardiotoxicity of mice by inhibiting AMPK activation, increasing apoptosis and decreasing autophagy. However, under the same conditions, the heart tissue of DHM-pretreated mice showed increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis via activation AMPK/mTOR pathway. The same results were observed in vitro, and it was also found that DHM can inhibit the production of intracellular ROS in vitro. CONCLUSION DHM protects against cardiotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress and it can allevate theautophagy inhibition caused by DOX through AMPK/mTOR pathway. DHM preconditioning may be a breakthrough in protecting DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiqun Chi
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhangyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Life Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifu Shen
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youmei Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Dihydromyricetin Enhances Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity of Growing-Finishing Pigs by Activating ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040704. [PMID: 35453388 PMCID: PMC9028153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main factors affecting animal health and reducing performance. The small intestine is the primary site of free-radical attacks. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities, which is mainly extracted from Rattan tea. However, the effects of DHM on the intestinal antioxidant function of growing-finishing pigs and related mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary DHM supplementation on the intestinal antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing pigs and its mechanism. Our results show that dietary 0.03% DHM increased the activities of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and upregulated protein expressions of HO-1, NQO1, nuclear Nrf2, and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) in the jejunum of growing-finishing pigs. Again, we found that 20 μmol/mL and 40 μmol/mL DHM treatment significantly upregulated the protein expression of HO-1 and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and ERK phosphorylation in IPCE-J2 cells. ERK inhibitor PD98059 eliminated the DHM-induced upregulation of p-ERK, nuclear Nrf2, and HO-1. Our findings provided the first evidence that DHM enhanced the intestinal antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing pigs by activating the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Xiang H, Ding P, Wu T, Ji G. Recent update on application of dihydromyricetin in metabolic related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112771. [PMID: 35247719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of natural flavonoids, dihydromyricetin (DMY) has attracted more and more attention. It has a series of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and so on, and it is almost no toxicity and with excellent safety. Therefore, even if the bioavailability is poor, it is often added to daily food, beverages and even medicines. In recent years, some researchers have found that DMY can treat some diseases by anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, promoting cell death and regulate the activity of lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition, the mechanism of DMY on these diseases was also related to the signal pathway of AMPK, PI3K/Akt, PPAR and the participation of microRNAs. This review describes the mechanism of DMY in metabolic related diseases from three aspects: metabolic diseases, liver diseases, and cancers, hoping to provide some new ideas for clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Fan X, Fan Z, Yang Z, Huang T, Tong Y, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. Flavonoids-Natural Gifts to Promote Health and Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042176. [PMID: 35216290 PMCID: PMC8879655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of mammals is accompanied by the progressive atrophy of tissues and organs and the accumulation of random damage to macromolecular DNA, protein, and lipids. Flavonoids have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can delay aging and prolong a healthy lifespan by eliminating senescent cells, inhibiting senescence-related secretion phenotypes (SASPs), and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, only a few systematic studies have described flavonoids in clinical treatment for anti-aging, which needs to be explored further. This review first highlights the association between aging and macromolecular damage. Then, we discuss advances in the role of flavonoid molecules in prolonging the health span and lifespan of organisms. This study may provide crucial information for drug design and developmental and clinical applications based on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqiang Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Tiantian Huang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Yingdong Tong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Luo H, Xu F, Liang J, Ma C, Ren L, Wang H, Hou Y. Aflatoxin B1 induces microglia cells apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress through NF-κB signaling pathway in mice spinal cords. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103794. [PMID: 34971797 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause cytotoxicity in numerous cells and organs induced by oxidative stress. However, the toxic effects and related mechanism of AFB1 on the microglia cells in the spinal cords have not been studied yet. Our results showed that AFB1 significantly reduced the number of microglia cells, increased the oxidants (malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide) but decreased the anti-oxidants (superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) in a dose dependent manner in mice spinal cords. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased the oxidative stress, promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2-M phase, and activated NF-κB phosphorylation in BV2 microglia cells. However, the addition of active oxygen scavenger N-acetylcysteine can significantly reduce the ROS production, improve cell cycle arrest, reduce apoptosis, and the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB in BV2 microglia cells. These results indicate that AFB1 induces microglia cells apoptosis through oxidative stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hanlin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Feibo Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chenxu Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Luyu Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Robot & Intelligent Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China.
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Sun Y, Liu S, Yang S, Chen C, Yang Y, Lin M, Liu C, Wang W, Zhou X, Ai Q, Wang W, Chen N. Mechanism of Dihydromyricetin on Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794563. [PMID: 35115939 PMCID: PMC8804380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), acute cerebral stroke, cancer, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we need to solve the problem urgently for the study of inflammation-related diseases. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid mainly derived from Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J.Wen and Z.L.Nie (N.grossedentata). DHM possesses many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory (NLRP-3, NF-κB, cytokines, and neuroinflammation), antioxidant, improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulating autophagy and so on. In this review, we consulted the studies in the recent 20 years and summarized the mechanism of DHM in inflammation-related diseases. In addition, we also introduced the source, chemical structure, chemical properties, and toxicity of DHM in this review. We aim to deepen our understanding of DHM on inflammation-related diseases, clarify the relevant molecular mechanisms, and find out the problems and solutions that need to be solved urgently. Providing new ideas for DHM drug research and development, as well as broaden the horizons of clinical treatment of inflammation-related diseases in this review. Moreover, the failure of clinical transformation of DHM poses a great challenge for DHM as an inflammation related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Zhangjiajie Meicha Technology Research Center, Hunan Qiankun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Wenmao Wang
- Zhangjiajie Meicha Technology Research Center, Hunan Qiankun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qidi Ai, ; Wei Wang, ; Naihong Chen,
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qidi Ai, ; Wei Wang, ; Naihong Chen,
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qidi Ai, ; Wei Wang, ; Naihong Chen,
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Zhang H, Caprioli G, Hussain H, Khoi Le NP, Farag MA, Xiao J. A multifaceted review on dihydromyricetin resources, extraction, bioavailability, biotransformation, bioactivities, and food applications with future perspectives to maximize its value. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds present a better alternative to prevent and treat chronic diseases owing to their lower toxicity and abundant resources. (+)-Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavanonol, possessing numerous interesting bioactivities with abundant resources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DMY natural resources, stereoisomerism, physicochemical properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation. Stereoisomerism of DMY should be considered for better indication of its efficacy. Biotechnological approach presents a potential tool for the production of DMY using microbial cell factories. DMY high instability is related to its powerful antioxidant capacity due to pyrogallol moiety in ring B, and whether preparation of other analogues could demonstrate improved properties. DMY demonstrates poor bioavailability based on its low solubility and permeability with several attempts to improve its pharmacokinetics and efficacy. DMY possesses various pharmacological effects, which have been proven by many in vitro and in vivo experiments, while clinical trials are rather scarce, with underlying action mechanisms remaining unclear. Consequently, to maximize the usefulness of DMY in nutraceuticals, improvement in bioavailability, and better understanding of its actions mechanisms and drug interactions ought to be examined in the future along with more clinical evidence.
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Qian J, Wang X, Cao J, Zhang W, Lu C, Chen X. Dihydromyricetin attenuates D-galactose-induced brain aging of mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135963. [PMID: 34022267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related especially brain aging-related diseases are heavy health care burdens worldwide. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been studied to prevent brain aging pathogenesis. In the present study we investigated the potential mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DMY), isolated from Ampelopsis grossedentata, against D-galactose (D-Gal)-triggered brain aging of mice. Mice were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 20): control group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) + Puerarin group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) + DMY (168 mg/kg) and D-gal (150 mg/kg) + DMY (42 mg/kg). Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial cognition and oxidative stress and inflammation index such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-2 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Cellular senescence marker was detected by Western blotting analysis. We found that DMY (42 mg/kg) showed strong neuroprotective effects, evidenced by improved spatial cognition and might be attributed to the alleviated damage of hippocampal neurons. In addition, DMY also suppressed the D-Gal-induced senescence of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expressions of p53, p21, and p16. Furthermore, DMY restored the activity of catalase and exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, AGEs and MDA of D-Gal-exposed mice. Moreover, DMY decreased the abundance of IL-6 but increased the abundance of IL-2 of D-Gal-exposed mice. These findings indicated that DMY might protect against brain aging caused by chronic D-Gal exposure by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation-related senescence of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ji Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.6 Haierxiang North Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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Chen S, Lv K, Sharda A, Deng J, Zeng W, Zhang C, Hu Q, Jin P, Yao G, Xu X, Ming Z, Fang C. Anti-thrombotic effects mediated by dihydromyricetin involve both platelet inhibition and endothelial protection. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105540. [PMID: 33711433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Classical antithrombotics and antiplatelets are associated with high frequencies of bleeding complications or treatment failure when used as single agents. The platelet-independent fibrin generation by activated endothelium highlights the importance of vascular protection in addition to platelet inhibition in thrombosis prevention. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), the most abundant flavonoid in Ampelopsis grossedentata, has unique vasoprotective effects. This study aims to characterize the antithrombotic potential of DHM. The effects of DHM on the activation of platelets and endothelial cells were evaluated in vitro. Calcium mobilization and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were examined as the potential targets of DHM based on molecular docking analysis. The in vivo effects of DHM were determined in FeCl3-injured carotid arteries and laser-injured cremasteric arterioles. The results showed that DHM suppressed a range of platelet responses including aggregation, secretion, adhesion, spreading and integrin activation, and inhibited exocytosis, phosphatidylserine exposure and tissue factor expression in activated endothelial cells. Mechanistically, DHM attenuated thrombin-induced calcium mobilization and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 both in platelets and endothelial cells. Intravenous treatment with DHM delayed FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis. Furthermore, DHM treatment inhibited both platelet accumulation and fibrin generation in the presence or absence of eptifibatide in the laser injury-induced thrombosis model, without prolonging ex vivo plasma coagulation or tail bleeding time. DHM represents a novel antithrombotic agent whose effects involve both inhibition of platelet activation and reduction of fibrin generation as a result of endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Keyu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Anish Sharda
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wanjiang Zeng
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Health Ministry of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhangyin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Hubei 430030, China.
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23
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Dihydromyricetin Acts as a Potential Redox Balance Mediator in Cancer Chemoprevention. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6692579. [PMID: 33776577 PMCID: PMC7979283 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid extracted from the leaves and stems of the edible plant Ampelopsis grossedentata that has been used for Chinese Traditional Medicine. It has attracted considerable attention from consumers due to its beneficial properties including anticancer, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Continuous oxidative stress caused by intracellular redox imbalance can lead to chronic inflammation, which is intimately associated with the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. DHM is considered a potential redox regulator for chronic disease prevention, and its biological activities are abundantly evaluated by using diverse cell and animal models. However, clinical investigations are still scanty. This review summarizes the current potential chemopreventive effects of DHM, including its properties such as anticancer, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities, and further discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms of DHM in cancer chemoprevention by targeting redox balance and influencing the gut microbiota.
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Zhang Y, You B, Chen Y, Yang J, Xie C, Huang G, Li R, Hu P. Effect of Transcriptional Regulatory Factor FoxO3a on Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596326. [PMID: 33391015 PMCID: PMC7775677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) is a toxic reaction that appears after the inhalation of gas at an excessive oxygen partial pressure during underwater operation or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. The mechanism of CNS-OT has not been clearly characterized. Though it has been attributed to the excessive oxidative stress induced by HBO, evidences against this hypothesis have been reported. Here we find that Forkhead box protein O3 (FoxO3a) is important for CNS-OT protection. FoxO3a knock-out (KO) mice had a shorter latency to develop convulsions and greater number of seizures within a certain period of time. The acute lung injury (ALI) induced by CNS-OT was also more severe in FoxO3a KO mice. Further analysis reveals a significant decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme and a significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative product, in brain tissues of FoxO3a KO mice. Short-time HBO exposure could increase FoxO3a expression level and trigger its nuclear translocation. The level of nuclear localized FoxO3a peaked at 8 h after exposure. Our results demonstrate that the activity of FoxO3a is highly sensitive to HBO exposure and FoxO3a plays important roles in protecting CNS-OT. Further mechanic analysis reveals that FoxO3a protects CNS-OT via activating antioxidative signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benming You
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Nautical and Aviation Medicine Center, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shangahai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Xie
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyang Huang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runping Li
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Xinhua Hospital, Shangahai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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25
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Li W, Xiao H. Dihydromyricetin Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Downregulating miR-34a Expression. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:387-397. [PMID: 33536772 PMCID: PMC7850407 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s290633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which leads to neuronal and vascular dysfunction in the retina with a final outcome of complete loss of vision. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavanol compound, on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and identify its potential mechanisms. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) treated with high glucose (HG) was used to simulate the DR model in vitro. After treatment with different concentrations of DHM, the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of oxidative stress-related markers in the in vitro model were detected using corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis was determined using terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of apoptotic proteins was examined using Western blot analysis. Subsequently, microRNA (miR)-34a expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated after miR-34a overexpression. RESULTS Results indicated that DHM dose-dependently elevated the decreased cell viability induced by HG. Moreover, the content of ROS was significantly reduced in HG-stimulated ARPE-19 cells, accompanied by enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidases, as well as concentration of glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, remarkably decreased apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by HG was observed following DHM intervention. Importantly, HG stimulation notably upregulated miR-34a expression, which was reversed by DHM treatment. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of DHM on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells were restored following miR-34a overexpression. CONCLUSION Taken together, this work demonstrated that DHM exerts protective effects on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in ARPE-19 cells via inhibition of miR-34a expression, providing a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 2 People’s Hospital, Jingmen448000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongxia Xiao Jingmen No. 2 People’s Hospital, 39 Xiangshan Avenue, Jingmen, Hubei448000, People’s Republic of China Email
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26
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Wang Y, Lin Y, Wang L, Zhan H, Luo X, Zeng Y, Wu W, Zhang X, Wang F. TREM2 ameliorates neuroinflammatory response and cognitive impairment via PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20862-20879. [PMID: 33065553 PMCID: PMC7655179 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been shown with a neuroprotective function against inflammation and neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the TREM2 induced anti-inflammatory mechanism is still not well known. In this study it has been demonstrated that the expression of TREM2 was upregulated in hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, whereas TREM2 knock-out mediated by AAV significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggravated cognitive defect. Additionally, FoxO3a, a downstream member of the PI3K/AKT pathway, could be activated by TREM2 defect via the PI3K/AKT signaling in 5xFAD mice. That suggests TREM2-induced protection is associated with the PI3K-FoxO3a axis. On the contrary, overexpression of TREM2 alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response and induced M2 phenotype microglia in vitro. This phenomenon can be abolished by applying the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, suggesting FoxO3a not only participates in TREM2-induced anti-inflammation response, but is also involved in regulating the phenotype of microglia. Taken together, our results show that the protective functions of TREM2, both in inflammatory response and cognitive impairment as well as in the decrease of M1 phenotype microglia, are related to PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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27
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Lv F, Wang Z, Huang Y, Si A, Chen Y. CLEC3B protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from apoptosis caused by hypoxia via the PI3K/Akt pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9693. [PMID: 32696821 PMCID: PMC7372944 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
C-type lectin domain family 3 member B (CLEC3B) is a C-type lectin superfamily
member and is reported to promote tissue remodeling. The serum levels of CLEC3B
are downregulated in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the
molecular mechanisms of CLEC3B in IHD is not well-characterized. Therefore, we
overexpressed CLEC3B and silenced CLEC3B in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes for the
first time. We then constructed a model of IHD in vitro through
culturing H9c2 cardiomyocytes in serum-free medium under oxygen-deficit
conditions. Then, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and
western blot assays were performed to investigate cell viability, apoptosis, and
expression levels of CLEC3B, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K),
phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt
(p-Akt), and cleaved-caspase 3. We observed that the mRNA expression of CLEC3B
was decreased in hypoxic H9c2 cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). Overexpression of
CLEC3B increased cell viability (P<0.01), inhibited cell apoptosis
(P<0.05), upregulated the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt (P<0.01 or
P<0.05), and downregulated expression of cleaved-caspase 3 (P<0.001) in
hypoxic H9c2 cardiomyocytes while silencing of CLEC3B caused the opposite
results. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway reversed the protective effect of
CLEC3B on hypoxic H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Our study demonstrated that CLEC3B
alleviated the injury of hypoxic H9c2 cardiomyocytes via the PI3K/Akt
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Aoyang Si
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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28
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Liu L, Yin H, Hao X, Song H, Chai J, Duan H, Chang Y, Yang L, Wu Y, Han S, Wang X, Yue X, Chi Y, Liu W, Wang Q, Wang H, Bai H, Shi X, Li S. Down-Regulation of miR-301a-3p Reduces Burn-Induced Vascular Endothelial Apoptosis by potentiating hMSC-Secreted IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a Pathway. iScience 2020; 23:101383. [PMID: 32745988 PMCID: PMC7399190 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelium dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ dysfunction. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) maintains vascular endothelial barrier survival via secreting bioactive factors. However, the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC (hMSC) in protecting endothelial survival remains unclear. Here, we found IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and alleviated the dysfunction of vascular endothelial barrier and multiple organs in severely burned rats. Severe burn repressed miR-301a-3p expression, which directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC. Down-regulation of miR-301a-3p decreased HUVECs apoptosis, stabilized endothelial barrier permeability, and subsequently protected against multiple organ dysfunction in vivo. Additionally, miR-301a-3p negatively regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through IGF-1. Taken together, our study highlights the protective function of IGF-1 against the dysfunction of multiple organs negatively regulated by miR-301a-3p, which may provide the theoretical foundation for further clinical application of hMSC. IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of HUVECs miR-301a-3p directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC DomiR-301a-3p protected against multiple organ dysfunction miR-301a-3p regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through hMSC-secreted IGF-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Liu
- Nutrition Department, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China; Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China; College of Basic Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xingxia Hao
- College of Basic Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huifeng Song
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Hongjie Duan
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Chang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Longlong Yang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yushou Wu
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shaofang Han
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaotong Yue
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yunfei Chi
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hailiang Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiuxiu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shaozeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
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29
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Sun Z, Lu W, Lin N, Lin H, Zhang J, Ni T, Meng L, Zhang C, Guo H. Dihydromyricetin alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through activation of SIRT1. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113888. [PMID: 32112883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug whose clinical application is limited by serious cardiotoxic side effects. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid compound extracted from the Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis), is cardioprotective in patients with heart failure; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the possible anti-inflammatory properties of DHM in a rat model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and DOX-treated H9C2 cells, and gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. The results showed that DHM treatment significantly improved the myocardial structure and function in DOX-exposed rats by alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. DHM also inhibited DOX-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in H9C2 cells. This effect was mediated by inhibition of caspase-1 activity, suppression of IL-1β and IL-18 release, and upregulation of SIRT1 protein levels in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, selective inhibition of SIRT1 blocked the protective effects of DHM. Collectively, our findings indicate that DHM protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via stimulation of the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjuan Ni
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Hangyuan Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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TIPE1 accelerates atherogenesis by inducing endothelial dysfunction in response to oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165578. [PMID: 31672550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, which involves endothelial cells and immune cells. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered an important step in the initiation of the disease. TIPE1 is a newly identified protein of the TIPE family, and plays a vital role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, its role in atherogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TIPE1 promoted atherogenesis by inducing endothelial dysfunction. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to oxidative stress, the level of TIPE1 was significantly up-regulated, and the ROS generation markedly increased in TIPE1 over-expressing HUVECs. As a result, the growth of HUVECs was inhibited, and the apoptosis was enhanced. However, the cell contact ability between HUVECs and THP-1 cells were augmented due to the up-regulation of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin and ICAM-1 induced by TIPE1 overexpression. Importantly, ApoE-/- mice injected with TIPE1 recombinant lentivirus developed significantly severe atherosclerosis accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased white blood count. These findings indicated that excessive ROS induced by the overexpression of TIPE1 in endothelial cells accelerated the process of atherogenesis.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Peng L, Tian X, Qiu X, Cao H, Yang Q, Liao R, Yan F. Dihydromyricetin protects HUVECs of oxidative damage induced by sodium nitroprusside through activating PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4829-4838. [PMID: 31111658 PMCID: PMC6584490 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The damage of vascular endothelial cells induced by oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is considered as a natural antioxidant. However, the mechanism of DMY on endothelial cell injury induced by oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, we found that DMY could reduce the oxidative damage of HUVECs induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), HUVECs pre-treated with DMY suppressed SNP-induced apoptosis by reduced ROS overproduction of intracellular, decreased MDA level and elevated the superoxide dismutase activity. Meanwhile, we found that DMY could promote the expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a and Akt, and affect the nuclear localization of FoxO3a, when treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the effect of DMY was blocked. These data suggest that DMY protects HUVECs from oxidative stress by activating PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway. Therefore, DMY may have great therapeutic potential as a new drug for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineXizang Minzu UniversityXianyangChina
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lizhi Peng
- Department of PharmacyThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Qiu
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Cao
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rifang Liao
- Department of PharmacySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fengxia Yan
- School of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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