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Li X, Wang Z, Chen N. Perspective and Therapeutic Potential of the Noncoding RNA-Connexin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6146. [PMID: 38892334 PMCID: PMC11173347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of nucleotide sequences that cannot be translated into peptides. ncRNAs can function post-transcriptionally by splicing complementary sequences of mRNAs or other ncRNAs or by directly engaging in protein interactions. Over the past few decades, the pervasiveness of ncRNAs in cell physiology and their pivotal roles in various diseases have been identified. One target regulated by ncRNAs is connexin (Cx), a protein that forms gap junctions and hemichannels and facilitates intercellular molecule exchange. The aberrant expression and misdistribution of connexins have been implicated in central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases, and cancer. Current databases and technologies have enabled researchers to identify the direct or indirect relationships between ncRNAs and connexins, thereby elucidating their correlation with diseases. In this review, we selected the literature published in the past five years concerning disorders regulated by ncRNAs via corresponding connexins. Among it, microRNAs that regulate the expression of Cx43 play a crucial role in disease development and are predominantly reviewed. The distinctive perspective of the ncRNA-Cx axis interprets pathology in an epigenetic manner and is expected to motivate research for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
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2
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Lee S. Cardiovascular Disease and miRNAs: Possible Oxidative Stress-Regulating Roles of miRNAs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:656. [PMID: 38929095 PMCID: PMC11200533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been highlighted as key players in numerous diseases, and accumulating evidence indicates that pathological expressions of miRNAs contribute to both the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well. Another important factor affecting the development and progression of CVD is reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the oxidative stress they may impose on the cells. Considering miRNAs are involved in virtually every biological process, it is not unreasonable to assume that miRNAs also play critical roles in the regulation of oxidative stress. This narrative review aims to provide mechanistic insights on possible oxidative stress-regulating roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases based on differentially expressed miRNAs reported in various cardiovascular diseases and their empirically validated targets that have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seahyoung Lee
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
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3
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Carvalho A, Ji Z, Zhang R, Zuo W, Qu Y, Chen X, Tao Z, Ji J, Yao Y, Ma G. Inhibition of miR-195-3p protects against cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2023; 387:131128. [PMID: 37356730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction is a major risk factor for heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that miR-195-3p is up-regulated in fibrotic diseases, including kidney and liver fibrosis. However, its function and underlying mechanisms in cardiac fibrosis after MI remain unknown. To investigate the role of miR-195-3p in MI-induced cardiac fibrosis, we established acute MI models by ligating adult C57B/L6 mice LAD coronary artery while sham-operated mice were used as controls. In vivo inhibition of miR-195-3p was conducted by intramyocardial injection of AAV9-anti-miR-195-3p. In vitro overexpression and inhibition of miR-195-3p were performed by transfecting cultured Cardiac Fibroblasts (CFs) with synthetic miRNA mimic and inhibitor. Our results showed that MI induced the expression of miR-195-3p and that inhibition of miR-195-3p reduced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition and protected cardiac function. In vitro stimulation of CFs with TGF-β1 resulted in a significant increase in miR-195-3p expression. Inhibition of miR-195-3p attenuated the TGF-β1-induced expression of ECM proteins, migration, and proliferation. PTEN expression was significantly reduced in the hearts of MI mice, in activated CFs, and in CFs transfected with miR-195-3p mimic. Inhibition of miR-195-3p markedly restored PTEN expression in MI mice and TGF-β1-treated CFs. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of miR-195-3p in promoting cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction after MI. Inhibiting miR-195-3p could be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing cardiac fibrosis and preserving cardiac function after MI. Additionally, the study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-195-3p on fibrosis, including its regulation of PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdlay Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaixiao Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao No. 87, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Jayawardena E, Medzikovic L, Ruffenach G, Eghbali M. Role of miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Their Potential as Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031512. [PMID: 35163436 PMCID: PMC8836257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries, resulting in cardiomyocytes death. The most effective strategy for treating an MI is early and rapid myocardial reperfusion, but restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce further damage, known as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel therapeutic strategies are critical to limit myocardial IR injury and improve patient outcomes following reperfusion intervention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in attenuating IR injury pathology in pre-clinical rodent models. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-1 and miR-21 in regulating myocardial apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the whole heart as well as in different cardiac cell types with special emphasis on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. We also examine therapeutic potential of miR-1 and miR-21 in preclinical studies. More research is necessary to understand the cell-specific molecular principles of miRNAs in cardioprotection and application to acute myocardial IR injury.
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Abd-ElRaouf A, Nada AS, Mohammed NEDA, Amer HA, Abd-ElRahman SS, Abdelsalam RM, Salem HA. Low dose gamma irradiation attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: role of NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:632-641. [PMID: 33635746 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1893856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclophosphamide (Cyp) is one of the most commonly used, wide spectrum chemotherapeutic agents. Cyp has multi-organ toxicities that are dose limiting, thus it's mostly used in chemotherapeutic combinations. Radiation is well known as a hazardous sort of energy, recent studies are interested in studying the beneficial therapeutic effects of low-dose gamma radiation. This study examined the protective effect of two different doses/dose-rates of irradiation either alone or combined with telmisartan against Cyp-induced cardiotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into seven groups; (1): Control, (2): Cyp, (3-4): 0.05 Gy low dose rate (LDR) irradiation, 0.25 Gy high dose rate (HDR) irradiation, respectively, prior to Cyp dose, (5-7): telmisartan either alone or with 0.05 Gy LDR-irradiation or 0.25 Gy HDR-irradiation, respectively, prior to Cyp dose. The current investigation studied the effect of Cyp alone or combined with different treatment regimens on serum cTn-I and LDH, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway (p65/IκB/IKK-α/IKK-ß) in the myocardium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed in addition to histopathological examination of the heart. RESULTS Low-dose irradiation attenuated cardiac enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB content, and histology, in both low and HDRs. Furthermore, the combination of low-dose irradiation with telmisartan (an angiotensin-II receptor type-1 blocker and a known cardio-protective drug) offered the best histological results. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose irradiation-induced amelioration is partially but not completely through canonical activation of NF-κB, and may have another atypical pathway. While telmisartan probably ameliorates NF-κB totally through canonical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abd-ElRaouf
- National Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- National Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour El-Din A Mohammed
- National Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany A Amer
- National Centre for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd-ElRahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Cairo University, Giza Square, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang Y, Li R, Cao Y, Dai S, Luo S, Guo Q, Wang E. Plasma MIR-212-3p as a biomarker for acute right heart failure with pulmonary artery hypertension. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1571. [PMID: 33437770 PMCID: PMC7791226 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute right heart failure occurs in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) with exposure to acute inflammation, the mortality rate is very high when right heart failure occurs. Biomarkers that can be used to detect acute right heart failure in patients with pulmonary hypertension need to be studied. Methods A PAH rat model was established using monocrotaline, and lipopolysaccharide was used to induce acute right heart failure. The Agilent rat miRNA microarray, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to assess the microRNA expression of PAH rats. The expression of up- and downregulated miRNAs in plasma from PAH patients with acute right heart failure was validated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the Wilcoxon matched paired test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results Thirty-three miRNAs were upregulated, and 7 miRNAs were downregulated in plasma of PAH rats with acute right heart failure. In the plasma of PAH patients, the miR-212-3p level was inversely correlated with the level of NT-pro BNP, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.751. Conclusions These results suggest that the reduction of the expression of MIR-212-3p may be a biomarker for PAH patients with right heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Renhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sumei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
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Kura B, Kalocayova B, Devaux Y, Bartekova M. Potential Clinical Implications of miR-1 and miR-21 in Heart Disease and Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030700. [PMID: 31973111 PMCID: PMC7037063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in non-coding RNAs, which started more than a decade ago, has still not weakened. A wealth of experimental and clinical studies has suggested the potential of non-coding RNAs, especially the short-sized microRNAs (miRs), to be used as the new generation of therapeutic targets and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, an ever-growing public health issue in the modern world. Among the hundreds of miRs characterized so far, microRNA-1 (miR-1) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) have received some attention and have been associated with cardiac injury and cardioprotection. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the function of these two miRs in the heart, their association with cardiac injury, and their potential cardioprotective roles and biomarker value. While this field has already been extensively studied, much remains to be done before research findings can be translated into clinical application for patient’s benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-3229-5427
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Trotta MC, Ferraro B, Messina A, Panarese I, Gulotta E, Nicoletti GF, D'Amico M, Pieretti G. Telmisartan cardioprotects from the ischaemic/hypoxic damage through a miR-1-dependent pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6635-6645. [PMID: 31369209 PMCID: PMC6787508 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether telmisartan protects the heart from the ischaemia/reperfusion damage through a local microRNA‐1 modulation. Studies on the myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and on the cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation damage in vitro were done. In vivo, male Sprague‐Dawley rats administered for 3 weeks with telmisartan 12 mg/kg/d by gastric gavage underwent ischaemia/reperfusion of the left descending coronary artery. In these rats, infarct size measurement, ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that expressions of connexin 43, potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 and the protein Bcl‐2 were significantly increased by telmisartan in the reperfused myocardium, paralleled by microRNA‐1 down‐regulation. In vitro, the transfection of cardiomyocytes with microRNA‐1 reduced the expressions of connexin 43, potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 and Bcl‐2 in the cells. Telmisartan (50 µmol/L) 60 minutes before hypoxia/reoxygenation, while not affecting the levels of miR‐1 in transfected cells in normoxic condition, almost abolished the increment of miR‐1 induced by the hypoxia/reoxygenation to transfected cells. All together, telmisartan cardioprotected against the myocardial damage through the microRNA‐1 modulation, and consequent modifications of its downstream target connexin 43, potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily Q member 1 and Bcl‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Bartolo Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana Gulotta
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
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