1
|
Darvish Z, Kheder RK, Faraj TA, Najmaldin SK, Mollazadeh S, Nosratabadi R, Esmaeili SA. A better understanding of the role of the CTLA-CD80/86 axis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3895. [PMID: 38050849 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response are disturbed. As a result, the body loses self-tolerance. Since one of the main regulatory mechanisms of the immune response is the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis, this hypothesis suggests that autoimmune diseases potentially share a similar molecular basis of pathogenesis. Hence, investigating the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis may be helpful in finding an appropriate treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the molecular basis of the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis in the regulation of the immune response, and then its role in developing some autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. As well, the main therapeutic strategies affecting the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis have been summarized to highlight the importance of this axis in management of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darvish
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soran K Najmaldin
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center٫ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Christofi P, Pantazi C, Psatha N, Sakellari I, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. Promises and Pitfalls of Next-Generation Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5877. [PMID: 38136421 PMCID: PMC10742252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental to maintaining immune homeostasis by inhibiting immune responses to self-antigens and preventing the excessive activation of the immune system. Their functions extend beyond immune surveillance and subpopulations of tissue-resident Treg cells can also facilitate tissue repair and homeostasis. The unique ability to regulate aberrant immune responses has generated the concept of harnessing Tregs as a new cellular immunotherapy approach for reshaping undesired immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and allo-responses in transplantation to ultimately re-establish tolerance. However, a number of issues limit the broad clinical applicability of Treg adoptive immunotherapy, including the lack of antigen specificity, heterogeneity within the Treg population, poor persistence, functional Treg impairment in disease states, and in vivo plasticity that results in the loss of suppressive function. Although the early-phase clinical trials of Treg cell therapy have shown the feasibility and tolerability of the approach in several conditions, its efficacy has remained questionable. Leveraging the smart tools and platforms that have been successfully developed for primary T cell engineering in cancer, the field has now shifted towards "next-generation" adoptive Treg immunotherapy, where genetically modified Treg products with improved characteristics are being generated, as regards antigen specificity, function, persistence, and immunogenicity. Here, we review the state of the art on Treg adoptive immunotherapy and progress beyond it, while critically evaluating the hurdles and opportunities towards the materialization of Tregs as a living drug therapy for various inflammation states and the broad clinical translation of Treg therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Christofi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Pantazi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Psatha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anti-adhesion and Anti-inflammatory Potential of the Leaderless Class IIb Bacteriocin Enterocin DD14. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:613-619. [PMID: 35604525 PMCID: PMC9125348 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the interactions between the leaderless class IIb bacteriocin, enterocin DD14 (EntDD14), or the methicillin or the combination of these antibacterials, and two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA-S1 and USA 300) which are respectively a clinical strain and a reference strain. The results obtained showed that EntDD14 alone or in combination with the antibiotic could significantly prevent the adhesion of these pathogenic bacteria to human cells. On the other hand, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of EntDD14 on the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins, including IL-6 and IL-8. The results show that EntDD14 is able to decrease significantly the secretion of both interleukins on Caco-2 cells following their treatments with lipopolysaccharides. These novel data provide insightful informations to support applications of bacteriocins as therapeutic agents capable as well to defeat pathogenic bacteria and concomitantly limit their inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao F, Cui D, Zuo D, Shou Z, Yang J, Yu T, Liu Y, Chu S, Zhu F, Wei C. BMSCs improve TNBS-induced colitis in rats by inducing Treg differentiation by expressing PD-L1. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1263-1275. [PMID: 36261682 PMCID: PMC9659505 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show promise in treating inflammatory bowel disease. We tested if BMSCs improve Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis by inducing Treg differentiation by modulating programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1). RESULTS BMSCs were isolated and transfected with PD-L1 siRNA. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal, model, BMSC control, and PD-L1 siRNA BMSC. Colitis was induced by TNBS, except in the normal group. On d4, the BMSC control and PD-L1 siRNA BMSC groups were intravenously injected with BMSCs at a dose of 5 × 106 cells in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; volume matched). BMSCs were later verified to have reached the colon tissue. BMSC control showed significantly better clinical symptoms and reduced histopathological colitis severity; PD-L1 siRNA BMSC group showed no difference. PD-L1 siRNA reduced: spleen and mesenteric lymph node Tregs, PD-L1, interleukin-10 (IL10), phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN); colon p-Akt and p-mTOR were increased. CONCLUSIONS We found that BMSCs can induce Treg differentiation by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway via PD-L1; this significantly improved symptoms and pathology in our ulcerative colitis rat models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Dandan Cui
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jia Yang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Ting Yu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yujin Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Si Chu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Feng Zhu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Chunzhu Wei
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang N, Liu Y, Yang H, Liang M, Wang X, Wang M, Kong J, Yuan X, Zhou F. Clinical Significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum Infection and Regulatory T Cell Enrichment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609846. [PMID: 34305476 PMCID: PMC8300010 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms promote tumor occurrence and development through long-term colonization in the body. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is abundant in precancerous esophageal lesions and is closely related to the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The invasion of exogenous microorganisms can reshape the immune microenvironment, make the immune system incapacitated, and assist tumor cells in immune escape. A variety of pathogenic microorganisms induce the recruitment of regulatory T cell (Tregs) to allow tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and provide favorable conditions for their own long-term colonization. Tregs are one of the major obstacles to tumor immunotherapy and have a significant positive correlation with the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumors. Because F. nucleatum can instantly enter cells and colonize for a long time, we speculated that F. nucleatum infection could facilitate the immune escape of tumor cells through enrichment of Tregs and promote the malignant progression of ESCC. In this study, we found a significant concordance between F. nucleatum infection and Tregs infiltration. Therefore, we propose the view that chronic infection of F. nucleatum may provide favorable conditions for long-term colonization of itself by recruiting Tregs and suppressing the immune response. At the same time, the massive enrichment of Treg may also weaken the immune response and assist in the long-term colonization of F. nucleatum. We analyzed the correlation between F. nucleatum infection with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis of the patients. F. nucleatum infection was found to be closely related to sex, smoking, drinking, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. The degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and F. nucleatum infection are independent risk factors affecting ESCC prognosis. Additionally, the survival rate and median survival time were significantly shortened in the F. nucleatum infection positive group. Therefore, we propose that long-term smoking and alcohol consumption cause poor oral and esophageal environments, thereby significantly increasing the risk of F. nucleatum infection. In turn, F. nucleatum infection and colonization may weaken the antitumor immune response through Treg enrichment and further assist in self-colonization, promoting the malignant progression of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of PE, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengxia Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiu LC, Lin SM, Lo YL, Kuo SCH, Yang CT, Hsu PC. Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Surgically Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:689. [PMID: 34201650 PMCID: PMC8310081 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage NSCLC (stages I and II, and some IIIA diseases) accounts for approximately 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, with surgery being its main treatment modality. The risk of disease recurrence and cancer-related death, however, remains high among NSCLC patients after complete surgical resection. In previous studies on the long-term follow-up of post-operative NSCLC, the results showed that the five-year survival rate was about 65% for stage IB and about 35% for stage IIIA diseases. Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy has been used as a neoadjuvant therapy or post-operative adjuvant therapy in NSCLC, but the improvement of survival is limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have effectively improved the 5-year survival of advanced NSCLC patients. Cancer vaccination has also been explored and used in the prevention of cancer or reducing disease recurrence in resected NSCLC. Here, we review studies that have focused on the use of immunotherapies (i.e., ICIs and vaccination) in surgically resectable NSCLC. We present the results of completed clinical trials that have used ICIs as neoadjuvant therapies in pre-operative NSCLC. Ongoing clinical trials investigating ICIs as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Tu Cheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Scott Chih-Hsi Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (S.-M.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (S.C.-H.K.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Wu M, You M, Chen Y, Luo M, Chen Q. The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:103. [PMID: 33541422 PMCID: PMC7859900 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune diseases are characterized by overactivation of immune cells, chronic inflammation, and immune response to self-antigens, leading to the damage and dysfunction of multiple organs. Patients still do not receive desired clinical outcomes while suffer from various adverse effects imparted by current therapies. The therapeutic strategies based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation have become the promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to the immunomodulation property of MSCs. MSCs derived from perinatal tissues are collectively known as perinatal MSCs (PMSCs), which can be obtained via painless procedures from donors with lower risk of being contaminated by viruses than those MSCs from adult tissue sources. Therefore, PMSCs may be the ideal cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes recent progress and possible mechanisms of PMSCs in treating autoimmune diseases in animal experiments and clinical studies. This review also presents existing challenges and proposes solutions, which may provide new hints on PMSC transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Min You
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang L, Wang G, Xia H. Molecular mechanism for impaired suppressive function of Tregs in autoimmune diseases: A summary of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11056-11063. [PMID: 32881301 PMCID: PMC7576235 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. In immune homeostasis condition, Tregs exert their suppressive function through inhibiting the proliferation of effector T cells. In response to environmental signals, Tregs display phenotypic heterogeneity and altered stability, which endows their suppressive function in a context-dependent manner. Compelling evidence indicates deficiency of Treg suppressive function is related to the immunopathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Consequently, it is vital to further our understanding of the molecular mechanism accounting for the regulation of Treg suppressive functions. In this review, we outline the current knowledge that highlights how cell-intrinsic factors, such as inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, signalling pathways, post-translational modification (PTM), miRNAs, protein and protein complex, and cell-extrinsic factors orchestrate the suppressive function of Tregs. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanism related to the suppressive functional property of Tregs should provide new insights into autoimmunity and disease pathogenesis, which offers opportunity for identifying new therapeutic targets for Treg-related autoimmune diseases and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|