1
|
Acha-Sagredo A, Wilson CM, Garcia Bediaga N, Kalirai H, Davies MPA, Coupland SE, Field JK, Liloglou T. Novel Transcriptional and DNA Methylation Abnormalities of SORT1 Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2154. [PMID: 38893272 PMCID: PMC11171784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is an important regulator with potential tumour-suppressor function by limiting EGFR signalling. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive expression analysis of sortilin transcript variants and the DNA methylation status of their corresponding promoters in human non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). RNA/DNA was extracted from 81 NSCLC samples and paired normal tissue. mRNA expression was measured by qPCR and DNA methylation determined by pyrosequencing. BigDye-terminator sequencing was used to confirm exon-8 alternative splicing. Results demonstrated that both SORT1A and SORT1B variants were downregulated in lung tumours. The SORT1A/SORT1B expression ratio was higher in tumours compared to normal tissue. SORT1B promoter hypermethylation was detected in lung tumours compared to normal lung (median difference 14%, Mann-Whitney test p = 10-6). Interestingly, SORT1B is hypermethylated in white blood cells, but a small and very consistent drop in methylation (6%, p = 10-15) was observed in the lung cancer cases compared to control subjects. We demonstrate that the SORT1B exon-8 splice variation, reported in sequence databases, is also a feature of SORT1A. The significantly altered quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sortilin mRNA in NSCLC indicate a significant involvement in tumour pathogenesis and may have significant impact for its utility as a predictive marker in lung cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Acha-Sagredo
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Naiara Garcia Bediaga
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (H.K.); (S.E.C.)
| | - Michael P. A. Davies
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (H.K.); (S.E.C.)
| | - John K. Field
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
- Medical School, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evergren E, Mills IG, Kennedy G. Adaptations of membrane trafficking in cancer and tumorigenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260943. [PMID: 38770683 PMCID: PMC11166456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking, a fundamental cellular process encompassing the transport of molecules to specific organelles, endocytosis at the plasma membrane and protein secretion, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and signalling. Cancer cells adapt membrane trafficking to enhance their survival and metabolism, and understanding these adaptations is vital for improving patient responses to therapy and identifying therapeutic targets. In this Review, we provide a concise overview of major membrane trafficking pathways and detail adaptations in these pathways, including COPII-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking, COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking and endocytosis, that have been found in cancer. We explore how these adaptations confer growth advantages or resistance to cell death and conclude by discussing the potential for utilising this knowledge in developing new treatment strategies and overcoming drug resistance for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Evergren
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Xu C, Zhu R, Shen L, Hu G, Tao K, Tao F, Lu Z, Zhang G. TIMP-2 as a predictive biomarker in 5-Fu-resistant colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7235-7246. [PMID: 36905423 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the value of tissue inhibitors of MMPs-2 (TIMP-2) to indicate 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) resistance status in colorectal cancer. METHODS The 5-Fu resistance of colorectal cancer cell lines was detected using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and calculated using IC50. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect TIMP-2 expression level in the culture supernatant and serum. Twenty-two colorectal cancer patients' TIMP-2 levels and clinical characteristics were analyzed before and after chemotherapy. Additionally, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of 5-Fu resistance was used to evaluate the feasibility of TIMP-2 as a predictive biomarker of 5-Fu resistance. RESULTS Our experimental results display that TIMP-2 expression is elevated in colorectal cancer drug-resistant cell lines, and its expression level is closely related to 5-Fu resistance. Moreover, TIMP-2 in colorectal cancer patient serum undergoing 5-Fu-based chemotherapy could indicate their drug resistance status, and its efficacy is higher than CEA and CA19-9. Finally, PDX model animal experiments reveal that TIMP-2 can detect 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer earlier than tumor volume. CONCLUSION TIMP-2 is a good indicator of 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer. Monitoring the serum TIMP-2 level can help the clinician identify 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer patients earlier during chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyijing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gengyuan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kelong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
- Medical School of Shaoxing University, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zengxin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
- Medical School of Shaoxing University, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boutaud M, Auger C, Verdier M, Christou N. Metformin Treatment Reduces CRC Aggressiveness in a Glucose-Independent Manner: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3724. [PMID: 37509386 PMCID: PMC10378121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, seems to protect against aggressive acquisition in colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, its mechanisms are still really unknown, raising questions about the possibility of its positive impact on non-diabetic patients with CRC. (2) Methods: An in vitro study based on human colon cancer cell lines and an ex vivo study with different colon cancer stages with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were initiated. (3) Results: Metformin seems to protect from colon cancer invasive acquisition, irrespective of glucose concentration. (4) Conclusions: Metformin could be used as an adjuvant treatment to surgery for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients in order to prevent the acquisition of aggressiveness and, ultimately, recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boutaud
- UMR-INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, Institut OmegaHealth, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Clément Auger
- UMR-INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, Institut OmegaHealth, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- UMR-INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, Institut OmegaHealth, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Niki Christou
- UMR-INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, Institut OmegaHealth, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, 2 Av. Martin Luther King, CEDEX, 87000 Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Z, Chen X, Huang X, Wu Y, Shao L, Zhou S, Zheng Z, Lin Y, Chen S. Cuproptosis and Immune-Related Gene Signature Predicts Immunotherapy Response and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1583. [PMID: 37511958 PMCID: PMC10381686 DOI: 10.3390/life13071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis and associated immune-related genes (IRG) have been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, their effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the impact of cuproptosis-associated IRGs on the immunotherapy response and prognosis of LUAD using a bioinformatical approach and in vitro experiments analyzing clinical samples. Using the cuproptosis-associated IRG signature, we classified LUAD into two subtypes, cluster 1 and cluster 2, and identified three key cuproptosis-associated IRGs, NRAS, TRAV38-2DV8, and SORT1. These three genes were employed to establish a risk model and nomogram, and to classify the LUAD cohort into low- and high-risk subgroups. Biofunctional annotation revealed that cluster 2, remarkably downregulating epigenetic, stemness, and proliferation pathways activity, had a higher overall survival (OS) and immunoinfiltration abundance compared to cluster 1. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validated the differential expression of these three genes in both subgroups. scRNA-seq demonstrated elevated expression of NRAS and SORT1 in macrophages. Immunity and oncogenic and stromal activation pathways were dramatically enriched in the low-risk subgroup, and patients in this subgroup responded better to immunotherapy. Our data suggest that the cuproptosis-associated IRG signature can be used to effectively predict the immunotherapy response and prognosis in LUAD. Our work provides enlightenment for immunotherapy response assessment, prognosis prediction, and the development of potential prognostic biomarkers for LUAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Sun
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiujing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoning Huang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanfen Wu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Suna Zhou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhu Zheng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Research & Development Division, Guangzhou Anjie Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Size Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marsland M, Dowdell A, Faulkner S, Gedye C, Lynam J, Griffin CP, Marsland J, Jiang CC, Hondermarck H. The Membrane Protein Sortilin Is a Potential Biomarker and Target for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092514. [PMID: 37173980 PMCID: PMC10177035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating brain cancer with no effective treatment, and there is an urgent need for developing innovative biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for better management of the disease. The membrane protein sortilin has recently been shown to participate in tumor cell invasiveness in several cancers, but its involvement and clinical relevance in GBM is unclear. In the present study, we explored the expression of sortilin and its potential as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for GBM. Sortilin expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and digital quantification in a series of 71 clinical cases of invasive GBM vs. 20 non-invasive gliomas. Sortilin was overexpressed in GBM and, importantly, higher expression levels were associated with worse patient survival, pointing to sortilin tissue expression as a potential prognostic biomarker for GBM. Sortilin was also detectable in the plasma of GBM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but no differences were observed between sortilin levels in the blood of GBM vs. glioma patients. In vitro, sortilin was detected in 11 brain-cancer-patient-derived cell lines at the anticipated molecular weight of 100 kDa. Interestingly, targeting sortilin with the orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor AF38469 resulted in decreased GBM invasiveness, but cancer cell proliferation was not affected, showing that sortilin is targetable in GBM. Together, these data suggest the clinical relevance for sortilin in GBM and support further investigation of GBM as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Marsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Amiee Dowdell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - James Lynam
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Cassandra P Griffin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Biobank, NSW Regional Biospecimen and Research Services, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Joanne Marsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Demeule M, Charfi C, Currie JC, Zgheib A, Danalache BA, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. The TH1902 Docetaxel Peptide-Drug Conjugate Inhibits Xenografts Growth of Human SORT1-Positive Ovarian and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091910. [PMID: 36145658 PMCID: PMC9503230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast and ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC) can contribute to the invasive and chemoresistance phenotype of tumors. TH1902, a newly developed sortilin (SORT1)-targeted peptide-docetaxel conjugate is currently in phase-1 clinical trial. Whether TH1902 impacts the chemoresistance phenotype of human triple-negative breast CSC (hTNBCSC) and ovarian CSC (hOvCSC) is unknown. Methods and Results: Immunophenotyping of hTNBCSC and hOvCSC was performed by flow cytometry and confirmed the expression of SORT1, and of CSC markers CD133, NANOG, and SOX2. Western blotting demonstrated the expression of the drug efflux pumps from the P-gp family members, ABCB1 and ABCB5. The cellular uptake of the fluorescent Alexa488-peptide from TH1902 was inhibited upon siRNA-mediated repression of SORT1 or upon competition with SORT1 ligands. In contrast to docetaxel, TH1902 inhibited in vitro migration, induced cell apoptosis and lead to G2/M cell cycle arrest of the hTNBCSC. These events were unaffected by the presence of the P-gp inhibitors cyclosporine A or PSC-833. In vivo, using immunosuppressed nude mice xenografts, TH1902 significantly inhibited the growth of hTNBCSC and hOvCSC xenografts (~80% vs. ~35% for docetaxel) when administered weekly as intravenous bolus for three cycles at 15 mg/kg, a dose equivalent to the maximal tolerated dose of docetaxel. Therapeutic efficacy was further observed when carboplatin was combined to TH1902. Conclusions: Overall, TH1902 exerts a superior anticancer activity than the unconjugated docetaxel, in part, by circumventing the CSC drug resistance phenotype that could potentially reduce cancer recurrence attributable to CSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyndia Charfi
- Theratechnologies Inc., Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada
| | | | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Danalache
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-987-3000 (ext. 7610)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Z, Wang H, Long J, Qiu Y, Xing XL. Establishing a prognostic model of ferroptosis- and immune-related signatures in kidney cancer: A study based on TCGA and ICGC databases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931383. [PMID: 36091132 PMCID: PMC9459019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKidney cancer (KC) is one of the most challenging cancers due to its delayed diagnosis and high metastasis rate. The 5-year survival rate of KC patients is less than 11.2%. Therefore, identifying suitable biomarkers to accurately predict KC outcomes is important and urgent.MethodsCorresponding data for KC patients were obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Systems biology/bioinformatics/computational approaches were used to identify suitable biomarkers for predicting the outcome and immune landscapes of KC patients.ResultsWe found two ferroptosis- and immune-related differentially expressed genes (FI-DEGs) (Klotho (KL) and Sortilin 1 (SORT1)) independently correlated with the overall survival of KC patients. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the prognosis model using these two FI-DEGs exceeded 0.60 in the training, validation, and entire groups. The AUC value of the 1-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reached 0.70 in all the groups.ConclusionsOur present study indicated that KL and SORT1 could be prognostic biomarkers for KC patients. Whether this model can be used in clinical settings requires further validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Han
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Hengyang Medical School, South China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yanning Qiu
- First College for Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Hengyang Medical School, South China University, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Liang Xing,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sortilin 1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating Immune Cell Infiltration. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6509028. [PMID: 35847356 PMCID: PMC9286884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6509028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Recent evidence suggests that Sort1 promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression in multiple types of cancers. This study investigates the role of Sort1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The differentially expressed gene was screened through GEO and TCGA databases. The Sort1 gene was identified and its expression was then verified by TCGA and HCCDB (a database of hepatocellular carcinoma expression atlas) databases. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to assess the gene expression in tissues. The TCGA and KM-plotter databases were used to study the relationship between Sort1 and HCC. The correlation between Sort1 and immune cells was evaluated through the TIMER database. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to investigate the possible mechanism. The role of Sort1 in cell proliferation and invasion of HCC was further explored through in vitro experiments. Result The differentially expressed molecule obtained from database screening was Sort1. Its expression was higher in cancer tissues than in paracancerous ones, and it was mainly located in the cytoplasm. The TCGA, KM-plotter databases, and our study data showed that low expression of Sort1 in HCC patients had better overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Further analysis indicated a significant correlation between Sort1 expression and immune cell infiltration. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis showed that Sort1 affected the biological events of HCC by participating in the WNT, TGF-BETA, JAK, STAT, and CALCIUM signaling pathways. In vitro, cytological experiments demonstrated reduced expression of PCNA, Ki-67, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9 mRNA after knocking down Sort1, although E-cadherin expression was promoted. Overall, these processes reduced the ability of proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Conclusion Downregulation of Sort1 can prolong the OS, PFI, and DSS of HCC patients. Furthermore, due to its link with immune cell infiltration, the Sort1 gene represents a potentially novel predictive biomarker of HCC. The growth of HCC can be significantly inhibited by interfering with Sort1; therefore, these results provide a potential target for developing anticancer strategies for HCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Currie JC, Demeule M, Charfi C, Zgheib A, Larocque A, Danalache BA, Ouanouki A, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. The Peptide-Drug Conjugate TH1902: A New Sortilin Receptor-Mediated Cancer Therapeutic against Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081877. [PMID: 35454785 PMCID: PMC9031804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin (SORT1) receptor-mediated endocytosis functions were exploited for this new approach for effective and safe treatments of gynecological cancers. Here, high expression of SORT1 was found in >75% of the clinically annotated ovarian and endometrial tumors analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, the anticancer properties of the peptide-drug conjugate TH1902, a peptide that targets SORT1 and which is linked to docetaxel molecules, were investigated both in vitro using ovarian and endometrial cancer cell cultures and in vivo using xenograft models. In vitro, TH1902 inhibited cell proliferation and triggered higher SORT1-dependent cell apoptosis than unconjugated docetaxel did in ES-2 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. The uptake of the Alexa488-TH19P01 peptide from TH1902 was reduced upon siRNA-mediated silencing of SORT1. In vivo, weekly administration of TH1902 showed better tolerability compared to equivalent docetaxel doses and inhibited tumor growth in ovarian and endometrial xenograft mice models. TH1902 as a single agent inhibited ovarian tumor growth more than either of the unconjugated taxanes or carboplatin. Furthermore, TH1902 combination with carboplatin also demonstrated better efficacy when compared to both taxanes-carboplatin combinations. Overall, TH1902 shows better in vivo efficacy, compared to that of docetaxel and even paclitaxel, against SORT1-positive ovarian and endometrial cancers and could be safely combined with carboplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Currie
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Michel Demeule
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Cyndia Charfi
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Alain Larocque
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Danalache
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Amira Ouanouki
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Christian Marsolais
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-987-3000 (ext. 7610)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sortilin 1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221140111. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Sortilin 1 (SORT1) has been reported as an oncogene in several human tumors. Nonetheless, the biological functions of SORT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Methods Western blotting was employed for the determination of protein expression. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured via CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Results Sortilin 1 was upregulated in HCC and closely associated with unsatisfactory outcomes of HCC patients. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that SORT1 knockdown significantly diminished HCC cell proliferation and metastasis but accelerated HCC cell apoptosis; moreover, SORT1 depletion also restrained the growth of xenografted HCC tumors. Mechanistically, SORT1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling in HCC cells, thereby promoting the malignant behaviors of HCC cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that SORT1 might promote HCC progression by activating PI3K/AKT signaling, indicating that SORT1 might be a promising target and biomarker for HCC treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3231-3260. [PMID: 34711154 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in cancer has increased in the last years. In tumor cells the overexpression of peptides and their receptors is known and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk and worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR) and the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors and B-cell leukemia will be mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research lines to be developed in the future will be suggested such as: molecules regulating the expression of the NT precursor, influence of the diet in the development of tumors, molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT and antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the neurotensinergic system. CONCLUSION NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target and the administration of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumors overexpressing NTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Berger K, Pauwels E, Parkinson G, Landberg G, Le T, Demillo VG, Lumangtad LA, Jones DE, Islam MA, Olsen R, Kapri T, Intasiri A, Vermeire K, Rhost S, Bell TW. Reduction of Progranulin-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cell Propagation by Sortilin-Targeting Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12865-12876. [PMID: 34428050 PMCID: PMC10501753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) compounds selectively down-modulate two human proteins of potential therapeutic interest, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and sortilin. Progranulin is secreted from some breast cancer cells, causing dedifferentiation of receiving cancer cells and cancer stem cell proliferation. Inhibition of progranulin binding to sortilin, its main receptor, can block progranulin-induced metastatic breast cancer using a triple-negative in vivo xenograft model. In the current study, seven CADA compounds (CADA, VGD020, VGD071, TL020, TL023, LAL014, and DJ010) were examined for reduction of cellular sortilin expression and progranulin-induced breast cancer stem cell propagation. In addition, inhibition of progranulin-induced mammosphere formation was examined and found to be most significant for TL020, TL023, VGD071, and LAL014. Full experimental details are given for the synthesis and characterization of the four new compounds (TL020, TL023, VGD071, and DJ010). Comparison of solubilities, potencies, and cytotoxicities identified VGD071 as a promising candidate for future studies using mouse breast cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Pauwels
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Parkinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Truc Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Violeta G Demillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Liezel A Lumangtad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Nanosyn, 3100 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Dylan E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Md Azizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Ryan Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Topprasad Kapri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Amarawan Intasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Rhost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Blondy S, Talbot H, Saada S, Christou N, Battu S, Pannequin J, Jauberteau M, Lalloué F, Verdier M, Mathonnet M, Perraud A. Overexpression of sortilin is associated with 5-FU resistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:47-60. [PMID: 33325631 PMCID: PMC7810928 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Even if 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug, responsiveness is only 20-30%. Acquired resistance to 5-FU contributes to both poor patient prognosis and relapse, emphasizing the need to identify biomarkers. Sortilin, a vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein (Vps10p), implicated in protein trafficking, is over expressed in CRC cell lines cultured 72 hours in presence of 5-FU. This overexpression was also observed in 5-FU-resistant cells derived from these cell lines as well as in CRC primary cultures (or patients derived cell lines). A significantly higher expression of sortilin was observed in vivo, in 5-FU-treated tumours engrafted in Nude mice, as compared with non-treated tumour. A study of transcriptional regulation allowed identifying a decrease in ATF3 expression, as an explanation of sortilin overexpression following 5-FU treatment. In silico analysis revealed SORT1 expression correlation with poor prognosis. Moreover, sortilin expression was found to be positively correlated with CRC tumour grades. Collectively, our findings identify sortilin as a potential biomarker of 5-FU resistance associated with poor clinical outcomes and aggressiveness in CRC. As a new prognostic factor, sortilin expression could be used to fight against CRC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Grading
- Prognosis
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Hugo Talbot
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Sofiane Saada
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
- Service de Chirurgie DigestiveEndocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Serge Battu
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Julie Pannequin
- IGFUniversité MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Marie‐Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
- Service d’ImmunologieCHU de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
- Service de Chirurgie DigestiveEndocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA3842 Contrôle de l’Activation CellulaireProgression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques «CAPTuR»Faculté de médecineLimogesFrance
- Service de Chirurgie DigestiveEndocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimogesFrance
| |
Collapse
|