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Kothadiya S, Cutshaw G, Uthaman S, Hassan N, Sahoo DK, Wickham H, Quam E, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Bardhan R. Cisplatin-Induced Metabolic Responses Measured with Raman Spectroscopy in Cancer Cells, Spheroids, and Canine-Derived Organoids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50267-50281. [PMID: 39284013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Ex vivo assessment of drug response with conventional cell viability assays remains the standard practice for guiding initial therapeutic choices. However, such ensemble approaches fail to capture heterogeneities in treatment response and cannot identify early markers of response. Here, we leverage Raman spectroscopy (RS) as an accurate, low-cost, extraction-free, and label-free approach to track metabolic changes in cancer cells, spheroids, and organoids in response to cisplatin treatment. We identified 12 statistically significant metabolites in cells and 19 metabolites in spheroids and organoids as a function of depth. We show that the cisplatin treatment of 4T1 cells and spheroids results in a shift in metabolite levels; metabolites including nucleic acids such as DNA, 783 cm-1 with p = 0.00021 for cells; p = 0.02173 for spheroids, major amino acids such as threonine, 1338 cm-1 with p = 0.00045 for cells; p = 0.01022 for spheroids, proteins such as amide III, 1248 cm-1 with p = 0.00606 for cells; p = 0.00511 for spheroids serve as early predictors of response. Our RS findings were also applicable to canine-derived organoids, showing spatial variations in metabolic changes as a function of organoid depth in response to cisplatin. Further, the metabolic pathways such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA)/citric acid cycle and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism that drive drug response showed significant differences based on organoid depth, replicating the heterogeneous treatment response seen in solid tumors where there is a difference from the periphery to the tumor core. Our study showcases the versatility of RS as a predictive tool for treatment response applicable from cells to organotypic cultures, that has the potential to decrease animal burden and readout time for preclinical drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Kothadiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
| | - Gabriel Cutshaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
| | - Nora Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Elizabeth Quam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health Initiative, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health Initiative, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
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Chen D, Xu L, Xuan M, Chu Q, Xue C. Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1802. [PMID: 39245957 PMCID: PMC11381553 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established the pivotal roles of patient-derived tumour organoids (PDTOs), innovative three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, in various biological and medical applications. PDTOs, as promising tools, have been established and extensively used for drug screening, prediction of immune response and assessment of immunotherapeutic effectiveness in various cancer types, including glioma, ovarian cancer and so on. The overarching goal is to facilitate the translation of new therapeutic modalities to guide personalised immunotherapy. Notably, there has been a recent surge of interest in the co-culture of PDTOs with immune cells to investigate the dynamic interactions between tumour cells and immune microenvironment. A comprehensive and in-depth investigation is necessary to enhance our understanding of PDTOs as promising testing platforms for cancer immunotherapy. This review mainly focuses on the latest updates on the applications and challenges of PDTO-based methods in anti-cancer immune responses. We strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and prospects of PDTO-based technologies as next-generation strategies for advancing immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjuan Xuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- Department of State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gopallawa I, Gupta C, Jawa R, Cyril A, Jawa V, Chirmule N, Gujar V. Applications of Organoids in Advancing Drug Discovery and Development. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2659-2667. [PMID: 39002723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are small, self-organizing three-dimensional cell cultures that are derived from stem cells or primary organs. These cultures replicate the complexity of an organ, which cannot be achieved by single-cell culture systems. Organoids can be used in testing of new drugs instead of animals. Development and validation of organoids is thus important to reduce the reliance on animals for drug testing. In this review, we have discussed the developmental and regulatory aspects of organoids and highlighted their importance in drug development. We have first summarized different types of culture-based organoid systems such as submerged Matrigel, micro-fluidic 3D cultures, inducible pluripotent stem cells, and air-liquid interface cultures. These systems help us understand the intricate interplay between cells and their surrounding milieu for identifying functions of target receptors, soluble factors, and spatial interactions. Further, we have discussed the advances in humanized severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse models and their applications in the pharmacology of immune-oncology. Since regulatory aspects are important in using organoids for drug development, we have summarized FDA and EMA regulations on organoid research to support pre-clinical studies. Finally, we have included some unique studies highlighting the use of organoids in studying infectious diseases, cancer, and fundamental biology. These studies also exemplify the latest technological advances in organoid development resulting in improved efficiency. Overall, this review comprehensively summarizes the applications of organoids in early drug development during discovery and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | | | - Rayan Jawa
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arya Cyril
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NY, USA.
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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4
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Piana D, Iavarone F, De Paolis E, Daniele G, Parisella F, Minucci A, Greco V, Urbani A. Phenotyping Tumor Heterogeneity through Proteogenomics: Study Models and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8830. [PMID: 39201516 PMCID: PMC11354793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity refers to the diversity observed among tumor cells: both between different tumors (inter-tumor heterogeneity) and within a single tumor (intra-tumor heterogeneity). These cells can display distinct morphological and phenotypic characteristics, including variations in cellular morphology, metastatic potential and variability treatment responses among patients. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of such heterogeneity is necessary for deciphering tumor-specific mechanisms that may be diagnostically and therapeutically valuable. Innovative and multidisciplinary approaches are needed to understand this complex feature. In this context, proteogenomics has been emerging as a significant resource for integrating omics fields such as genomics and proteomics. By combining data obtained from both Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses, proteogenomics aims to provide a comprehensive view of tumor heterogeneity. This approach reveals molecular alterations and phenotypic features related to tumor subtypes, potentially identifying therapeutic biomarkers. Many achievements have been made; however, despite continuous advances in proteogenomics-based methodologies, several challenges remain: in particular the limitations in sensitivity and specificity and the lack of optimal study models. This review highlights the impact of proteogenomics on characterizing tumor phenotypes, focusing on the critical challenges and current limitations of its use in different clinical and preclinical models for tumor phenotypic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Piana
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa De Paolis
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federico Parisella
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.I.); (F.P.)
- Departmen Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.M.)
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Tardito S, Matis S, Zocchi MR, Benelli R, Poggi A. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting in Colorectal Carcinoma: Antibodies and Patient-Derived Organoids as a Smart Model to Study Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7131. [PMID: 39000238 PMCID: PMC11241078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, the need for new therapeutic strategies is still a challenge. Surgery and chemotherapy represent the first-line interventions; nevertheless, the prognosis for metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients remains unacceptable. An important step towards targeted therapy came from the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, by the anti-EGFR antibody, Cetuximab, or by specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Cetuximab, a mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb), binds to the extracellular domain of EGFR thus impairing EGFR-mediated signaling and reducing cell proliferation. TKI can affect the EGFR biochemical pathway at different steps along the signaling cascade. Apart from Cetuximab, other anti-EGFR mAbs have been developed, such as Panitumumab. Both antibodies have been approved for the treatment of KRAS-NRAS wild type mCRC, alone or in combination with chemotherapy. These antibodies display strong differences in activating the host immune system against CRC, due to their different immunoglobulin isotypes. Although anti-EGFR antibodies are efficient, drug resistance occurs with high frequency. Resistant tumor cell populations can either already be present before therapy or develop later by biochemical adaptations or new genomic mutations in the EGFR pathway. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of the anti-EGFR mAbs or to find new agents that are able to block downstream EGFR signaling cascade molecules. Indeed, we examined the importance of analyzing the anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) developed to overcome resistance and/or stimulate the tumor host's immunity against CRC growth. Also, patient-derived CRC organoid cultures represent a useful and feasible in vitro model to study tumor behavior and therapy response. Organoids can reflect tumor genetic heterogeneity found in the tissue of origin, representing a unique tool for personalized medicine. Thus, CRC-derived organoid cultures are a smart model for studying the tumor microenvironment and for the preclinical assay of anti-EGFR drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Tardito
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Serena Matis
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRRCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Department of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRRCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRRCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Wang G, Liu T, He WT. Visualization analysis of research hotspots and trends on gastrointestinal tumor organoids. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2826-2841. [PMID: 38994154 PMCID: PMC11236249 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumor organoids serve as an effective model for simulating cancer in vitro and have been applied in basic biology and preclinical research. Despite over a decade of development and increasing research achievements in this field, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the research hotspots and future trends is lacking. AIM To address this problem by employing bibliometric tools to explore the publication years, countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and references in this field. METHODS The literature was collected from Web of Science databases. CiteSpace-6.2R4, a widely used bibliometric analysis software package, was used for institutional analysis and reference burst analysis. VOSviewer 1.6.19 was used for journal co-citation analysis, author co-authorship and co-citation analysis. The 'online platform for bibliometric analysis (https://bibliometric.com/app)' was used to assess the total number of publications and the cooperation relationships between countries. Finally, we employed the bibliometric R software package (version R.4.3.1) in R-studio, for a comprehensive scientific analysis of the literature. RESULTS Our analysis included a total of 1466 publications, revealing a significant yearly increase in articles on the study of gastrointestinal tumor organoids. The United States (n = 393) and Helmholtz Association (n = 93) have emerged as the leading countries and institutions, respectively, in this field, with Hans Clevers and Toshiro Sato being the most contributing authors. The most influential journal in this field is Gastroenterology. The most impactful reference is "Long term expansion of epithelial organs from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium". Keywords analysis and citation burst analysis indicate that precision medicine, disease modeling, drug development and screening, and regenerative medicine are the most cutting-edge directions. These focal points were further detailed based on the literature. CONCLUSION This bibliometric study offers an objective and quantitative analysis of the research in this field, which can be considered as an important guide for next scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Prevention and Treatment and Translational Medicine Engineering Innovation Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Prevention and Treatment and Translational Medicine Engineering Innovation Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Prevention and Treatment and Translational Medicine Engineering Innovation Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Digestive System Tumor Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
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7
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Chen L, Chen Y, Ge L, Zhang Q, Meng J. Recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids for reconstructing TME of head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:238-245. [PMID: 38561906 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differences between existing preclinical models and the tumor microenvironment in vivo are one of the significant challenges hindering cancer therapy development. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) can highly retain tumor heterogeneity. Thus, it provides a more reliable platform for research in tumor biology, new drug screening, and precision medicine. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to summarise the characteristics of the existing preclinical models, the advantages of patient-derived tumor organoids in reconstructing the tumor microenvironment, and the latest research progress. Moreover, this study deciphers organoid culture technology in the clinical precision treatment of head and neck cancer to achieve better transformation. Studies were identified through a comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE (Wolters Kluwer), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), web of Science (Thomson Reuters) and, Scopus (Elsevier) databases, without publication date or language restrictions. RESULTS In tumor development, the interaction between cellular and non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a crucial role. Co-culture, Air-liquid interface culture, microfluidics, and decellularized matrix have depicted great potential in reconstructing the tumor microenvironment and simulating tumor genesis, development, and metastasis. CONCLUSION An accurate determination of stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix can be achieved by reconstructing the head and neck cancer tumor microenvironment using the PDTO model. Moreover, the interaction between head and neck cancer cells can also play an essential role in implementing the individualized precision treatment of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangyu Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Rassomakhina NV, Ryazanova AY, Likhov AR, Bruskin SA, Maloshenok LG, Zherdeva VV. Tumor Organoids: The Era of Personalized Medicine. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S127-S147. [PMID: 38621748 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The strategies of future medicine are aimed to modernize and integrate quality approaches including early molecular-genetic profiling, identification of new therapeutic targets and adapting design for clinical trials, personalized drug screening (PDS) to help predict and individualize patient treatment regimens. In the past decade, organoid models have emerged as an innovative in vitro platform with the potential to realize the concept of patient-centered medicine. Organoids are spatially restricted three-dimensional clusters of cells ex vivo that self-organize into complex functional structures through genetically programmed determination, which is crucial for reconstructing the architecture of the primary tissue and organs. Currently, there are several strategies to create three-dimensional (3D) tumor systems using (i) surgically resected patient tissue (PDTOs, patient-derived tumor organoids) or (ii) single tumor cells circulating in the patient's blood. Successful application of 3D tumor models obtained by co-culturing autologous tumor organoids (PDTOs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Such models simulate a 3D tumor architecture in vivo and contain all cell types characteristic of this tissue, including immune system cells and stem cells. Components of the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts and immune system cells, affect tumor growth and its drug resistance. In this review, we analyzed the evolution of tumor models from two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and laboratory animals to 3D tissue-specific tumor organoids, their significance in identifying mechanisms of antitumor response and drug resistance, and use of these models in drug screening and development of precision methods in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Rassomakhina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Ryazanova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Astemir R Likhov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey A Bruskin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Liliya G Maloshenok
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria V Zherdeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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9
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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11
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Tian H, Ren J, Mou R, Jia Y. Application of organoids in precision immunotherapy of lung cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:484. [PMID: 37818130 PMCID: PMC10561155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In immunotherapy, the immune system is modulated in order to treat cancer. Traditional two dimensional in vitro models and in vivo animal models are insufficient to simulate the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in the original tumor. As tumor immunotherapy involves the immune system, additional tumor mimic models, such as patient-derived organoids, are required for the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, non-tumor components and host tumor cells in the TME may interact to promote cancer incidence, progression, drug resistance and metastasis. It is possible to produce organoid models for lung cancer by retaining endogenous stromal components (e.g., multiple immune cell types), supplying cancer-associated fibroblasts and exogenous immune cells, constructing tumor vasculature and adding other biological or chemical components that emulate the TME. Therefore, the lung cancer organoid culture platform may facilitate preclinical testing of immunotherapy drugs for lung cancer by mimicking immunotherapy responses. The present review summarizes current lung cancer organoid culture methods for TME modeling and discusses the use of lung cancer-derived organoids for the detection of lung cancer immunotherapy and individualized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyu Mou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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12
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Chan WS, Mo X, Ip PPC, Tse KY. Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers-Techniques, applications, and future perspectives. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19714-19731. [PMID: 37776168 PMCID: PMC10587945 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease composed of different cell types with different molecular aberrations. Traditional cell lines and mice models cannot recapitulate the human tumor biology and tumor microenvironment (TME). Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are freshly derived from patients' tissues and are then cultured with extracellular matrix and conditioned medium. The high concordance of epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic landscapes between the parental tumors and PDOs suggests that PDOs can provide more reliable results in studying cancer biology, allowing high throughput drug screening, and identifying their associated signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms. However, despite having a heterogeneity of cells in PDOs, some cells in TME will be lost during the culture process. Next-generation organoids have been developed to circumvent some of the limitations. Genetically engineered organoids involving targeted gene editing can facilitate the understanding of tumorigenesis and drug response. Co-culture systems where PDOs are cultured with different cell components like immune cells can allow research using immunotherapy which is otherwise impossible in conventional cell lines. In this review, the limitations of the traditional in vitro and in vivo assays, the use of PDOs, the challenges including some tips and tricks of PDO generation in EOC, and the future perspectives, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sun Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | - Xuetang Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | | | - Ka Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
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13
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Vanmeerbeek I, Naulaerts S, Garg AD. Reverse translation: the key to increasing the clinical success of immunotherapy? Genes Immun 2023; 24:217-219. [PMID: 37697000 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department for Cellular & Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department for Cellular & Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department for Cellular & Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Gil JF, Moura CS, Silverio V, Gonçalves G, Santos HA. Cancer Models on Chip: Paving the Way to Large-Scale Trial Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300692. [PMID: 37103886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer kills millions of individuals every year all over the world (Global Cancer Observatory). The physiological and biomechanical processes underlying the tumor are still poorly understood, hindering researchers from creating new, effective therapies. Inconsistent results of preclinical research, in vivo testing, and clinical trials decrease drug approval rates. 3D tumor-on-a-chip (ToC) models integrate biomaterials, tissue engineering, fabrication of microarchitectures, and sensory and actuation systems in a single device, enabling reliable studies in fundamental oncology and pharmacology. This review includes a critical discussion about their ability to reproduce the tumor microenvironment (TME), the advantages and drawbacks of existing tumor models and architectures, major components and fabrication techniques. The focus is on current materials and micro/nanofabrication techniques used to manufacture reliable and reproducible microfluidic ToC models for large-scale trial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira Gil
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Sofia Moura
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Coimbra, 3045-093, Portugal
| | - Vania Silverio
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- W.J. Korf Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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15
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Reyes-Aldasoro CC. Modelling the Tumour Microenvironment, but What Exactly Do We Mean by "Model"? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3796. [PMID: 37568612 PMCID: PMC10416922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Oxford English Dictionary includes 17 definitions for the word "model" as a noun and another 11 as a verb. Therefore, context is necessary to understand the meaning of the word model. For instance, "model railways" refer to replicas of railways and trains at a smaller scale and a "model student" refers to an exemplary individual. In some cases, a specific context, like cancer research, may not be sufficient to provide one specific meaning for model. Even if the context is narrowed, specifically, to research related to the tumour microenvironment, "model" can be understood in a wide variety of ways, from an animal model to a mathematical expression. This paper presents a review of different "models" of the tumour microenvironment, as grouped by different definitions of the word into four categories: model organisms, in vitro models, mathematical models and computational models. Then, the frequencies of different meanings of the word "model" related to the tumour microenvironment are measured from numbers of entries in the MEDLINE database of the United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health. The frequencies of the main components of the microenvironment and the organ-related cancers modelled are also assessed quantitatively with specific keywords. Whilst animal models, particularly xenografts and mouse models, are the most commonly used "models", the number of these entries has been slowly decreasing. Mathematical models, as well as prognostic and risk models, follow in frequency, and these have been growing in use.
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16
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Zeng X, Ma Q, Li XK, You LT, Li J, Fu X, You FM, Ren YF. Patient-derived organoids of lung cancer based on organoids-on-a-chip: enhancing clinical and translational applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205157. [PMID: 37304140 PMCID: PMC10250649 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality due to significant individual characteristics and genetic heterogeneity. Personalized treatment is necessary to improve the overall survival rate of the patients. In recent years, the development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) enables lung cancer diseases to be simulated in the real world, and closely reflects the pathophysiological characteristics of natural tumor occurrence and metastasis, highlighting their great potential in biomedical applications, translational medicine, and personalized treatment. However, the inherent defects of traditional organoids, such as poor stability, the tumor microenvironment with simple components and low throughput, limit their further clinical transformation and applications. In this review, we summarized the developments and applications of lung cancer PDOs and discussed the limitations of traditional PDOs in clinical transformation. Herein, we looked into the future and proposed that organoids-on-a-chip based on microfluidic technology are advantageous for personalized drug screening. In addition, combined with recent advances in lung cancer research, we explored the translational value and future development direction of organoids-on-a-chip in the precision treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Ke Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Ting You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Ming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Feng Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Visalakshan RM, Lowrey MK, Sousa MGC, Helms HR, Samiea A, Schutt CE, Moreau JM, Bertassoni LE. Opportunities and challenges to engineer 3D models of tumor-adaptive immune interactions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162905. [PMID: 37081897 PMCID: PMC10110941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenting adaptive immunity is a critical goal for developing next-generation cancer therapies. T and B cells infiltrating the tumor dramatically influence cancer progression through complex interactions with the local microenvironment. Cancer cells evade and limit these immune responses by hijacking normal immunologic pathways. Current experimental models using conventional primary cells, cell lines, or animals have limitations for studying cancer-immune interactions directly relevant to human biology and clinical translation. Therefore, engineering methods to emulate such interplay at local and systemic levels are crucial to expedite the development of better therapies and diagnostic tools. In this review, we discuss the challenges, recent advances, and future directions toward engineering the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME), including key elements of adaptive immunity. We first offer an overview of the recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of the adaptive immune system in the tumor microenvironment. Next, we discuss recent developments in 3D in-vitro models and engineering approaches that have been used to study the interaction of cancer and stromal cells with B and T lymphocytes. We summarize recent advancement in 3D bioengineering and discuss the need for 3D tumor models that better incorporate elements of the complex interplay of adaptive immunity and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we provide a perspective on current challenges and future directions for modeling cancer-immune interactions aimed at identifying new biological targets for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul M. Visalakshan
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mary K. Lowrey
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mauricio G. C. Sousa
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Haylie R. Helms
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Abrar Samiea
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josh M. Moreau
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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18
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Reddin IG, Fenton TR, Wass MN, Michaelis M. Large inherent variability in data derived from highly standardised cell culture experiments. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106671. [PMID: 36681368 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer drug development is hindered by high clinical attrition rates, which are blamed on weak predictive power by preclinical models and limited replicability of preclinical findings. However, the technically feasible level of replicability remains unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted an analysis of data from the NCI60 cancer cell line screen (2.8 million compound/cell line experiments), which is to our knowledge the largest depository of experiments that have been repeatedly performed over decades. The findings revealed profound intra-laboratory data variability, although all experiments were executed following highly standardised protocols that avoid all known confounders of data quality. All compound/ cell line combinations with > 100 independent biological replicates displayed maximum GI50 (50% growth inhibition) fold changes (highest/ lowest GI50) > 5% and 70.5% displayed maximum fold changes > 1000. The highest maximum fold change was 3.16 × 1010 (lowest GI50: 7.93 ×10-10 µM, highest GI50: 25.0 µM). FDA-approved drugs and experimental agents displayed similar variation. Variability remained high after outlier removal, when only considering experiments that tested drugs at the same concentration range, and when only considering NCI60-provided quality-controlled data. In conclusion, high variability is an intrinsic feature of anti-cancer drug testing, even among standardised experiments in a world-leading research environment. Awareness of this inherent variability will support realistic data interpretation and inspire research to improve data robustness. Further research will have to show whether the inclusion of a wider variety of model systems, such as animal and/ or patient-derived models, may improve data robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Reddin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim R Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark N Wass
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
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20
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Cao Q, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Tao X, Cai C, Han XX. PARPi Decreased Primary Ovarian Cancer Organoid Growth Through Early Apoptosis and Base Excision Repair Pathway. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231187996. [PMID: 37488947 PMCID: PMC10369085 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231187996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), particularly high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers owing to the treatment difficulty and high recurrence probability. As therapeutic drugs approved for OC, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) lead to synthetic lethality by inhibiting single-strand DNA repair, particularly in homologous recombination-deficient cancers. However, even PARPi have distinct efficacies and are prone to have drug resistance, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PARPi resistance in OC remain unclear. A patient-derived organoid platform was generated and treated with a PARPi to understand the factors associated with PARPi resistance. PARPi significantly inhibits organoid growth. After 72 h of treatment, both the size of organoids and the numbers of adherent cells decreased. Moreover, immunofluorescence results showed that the proportion of Ki67 positive cells significantly reduced. When the PARPi concentration reached 200 nM, the percentage of Ki67+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) cells decreased approximately 50%. PARPi treatment also affected the expression of genes involved in base excision repair and cell cycle. Functional assays revealed that PARPi inhibits cell growth by upregulating early apoptosis. The expression levels of several key genes were validated. In addition to previously reported genes, some promising genes FEN1 and POLA2, were also be founded. The results demonstrate the complex effects of PARPi treatment on changes in potential genes relevant to PARPi resistance, and provide perspectives for further research on the PARPi resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanyang Li
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiang Tao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin-Xin Han
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Pasko VI, Churkina AS, Shakhov AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. Modeling of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 'Step by Step' and 'Network' Organization of the Complexes of Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010604. [PMID: 36614047 PMCID: PMC9820769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have acquired the status of one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, which requires creating new model systems capable of accurately reproducing the mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Here we analyzed modern model systems and their contribution to the solution of unexplored manifestations of neuropathological processes. Each model has unique properties that make it the optimal tool for modeling certain aspects of neurodegenerative disorders. We concluded that to optimize research, it is necessary to combine models into complexes that include organisms and artificial systems of different organizational levels. Such complexes can be organized in two ways. The first method can be described as "step by step", where each model for studying a certain characteristic is a separate step that allows using the information obtained in the modeling process for the gradual study of increasingly complex processes in subsequent models. The second way is a 'network' approach. Studies are carried out with several types of models simultaneously, and experiments with each specific type are adjusted in conformity with the data obtained from other models. In our opinion, the 'network' approach to combining individual model systems seems more promising for fundamental biology as well as diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alexeevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Dayanidhi DL, Somarelli JA, Mantyh JB, Rupprecht G, Roghani RS, Vincoff S, Shin I, Zhao Y, Kim SY, McCall S, Hong J, Hsu DS. Psymberin, a marine-derived natural product, induces cancer cell growth arrest and protein translation inhibition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:999004. [PMID: 36743670 PMCID: PMC9894252 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.999004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent form of cancer in the United States and results in over 50,000 deaths per year. Treatments for metastatic CRC are limited, and therefore there is an unmet clinical need for more effective therapies. In our prior work, we coupled high-throughput chemical screens with patient-derived models of cancer to identify new potential therapeutic targets for CRC. However, this pipeline is limited by (1) the use of cell lines that do not appropriately recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, and (2) the use of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), which are time-consuming and costly for validation of drug efficacy. To overcome these limitations, we have turned to patient-derived organoids. Organoids are increasingly being accepted as a "standard" preclinical model that recapitulates tumor microenvironment cross-talk in a rapid, cost-effective platform. In the present work, we employed a library of natural products, intermediates, and drug-like compounds for which full synthesis has been demonstrated. Using this compound library, we performed a high-throughput screen on multiple low-passage cancer cell lines to identify potential treatments. The top candidate, psymberin, was further validated, with a focus on CRC cell lines and organoids. Mechanistic and genomics analyses pinpointed protein translation inhibition as a mechanism of action of psymberin. These findings suggest the potential of psymberin as a novel therapy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya L. Dayanidhi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John B. Mantyh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gabrielle Rupprecht
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Roham Salman Roghani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sophia Vincoff
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Iljin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yiquan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shannon McCall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David S. Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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23
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Chen H, Zhang W, Maskey N, Yang F, Zheng Z, Li C, Wang R, Wu P, Mao S, Zhang J, Yan Y, Li W, Yao X. Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:132. [PMID: 35986387 PMCID: PMC9389738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they either fail to reflect cancer heterogeneity or are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The recent emergence of a three-dimensional culture model called organoid has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. For example, organoids can recapitulate the histopathological and molecular diversity of original cancer and reflect the interaction between cancer and surrounding cells or stroma by simulating tumour microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that urine-derived organoids can be generated, which could be a novel non-invasive liquid biopsy method that provides new ideas for clinical precision therapy. However, the current research on organoids has encountered some bottlenecks, such as the lack of a standard culture process, the need to optimize the culture medium and the inability to completely simulate the immune system in vivo. Nonetheless, cell co-culture and organoid-on-a-chip have significant potential to solve these problems. In this review, the latest applications of organoids in drug screening, cancer origin investigation and combined single-cell sequencing are illustrated. Furthermore, the development and application of organoids in urological cancers and their challenges are summarised.
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24
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Sun CP, Lan HR, Fang XL, Yang XY, Jin KT. Organoid Models for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:770465. [PMID: 35450073 PMCID: PMC9016193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.770465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is exploited for the treatment of disease by modulating the immune system. Since the conventional in vivo animal and 2D in vitro models insufficiently recapitulate the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of the original tumor. In addition, due to the involvement of the immune system in cancer immunotherapy, more physiomimetic cancer models, such as patient-derived organoids (PDOs), are required to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy agents. On the other hand, the dynamic interactions between the neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic host components in the TIME can promote carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis, cancer progression, and drug resistance of cancer cells. Indeed, tumor organoid models can properly recapitulate the TIME by preserving endogenous stromal components including various immune cells, or by adding exogenous immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), vasculature, and other components. Therefore, organoid culture platforms could model immunotherapy responses and facilitate the immunotherapy preclinical testing. Here, we discuss the various organoid culture approaches for the modeling of TIME and the applications of complex tumor organoids in testing cancer immunotherapeutics and personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xing-Liang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University College of Medicine (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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25
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Özkan H, Öztürk DG, Korkmaz G. Transcriptional Factor Repertoire of Breast Cancer in 3D Cell Culture Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041023. [PMID: 35205770 PMCID: PMC8870600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of breast cancer tumorigenesis is largely based on studies performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture models, which lack tissue architecture and therefore fail to represent tumor heterogeneity. However, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are better at mimicking in vivo tumor microenvironment, which is critical in regulating cellular behavior. Hence, 3D cell culture models hold great promise for translational breast cancer research. Abstract Intratumor heterogeneity of breast cancer is driven by extrinsic factors from the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as tumor cell–intrinsic parameters including genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic traits. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major structural component of the TME, impacts every stage of tumorigenesis by providing necessary biochemical and biomechanical cues that are major regulators of cell shape/architecture, stiffness, cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration. Moreover, ECM and tissue architecture have a profound impact on chromatin structure, thereby altering gene expression. Considering the significant contribution of ECM to cellular behavior, a large body of work underlined that traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures depriving cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions as well as spatial cellular distribution and organization of solid tumors fail to recapitulate in vivo properties of tumor cells residing in the complex TME. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) culture models are increasingly employed in cancer research, as these culture systems better mimic the physiological microenvironment and shape the cellular responses according to the microenvironmental cues that will regulate critical cell functions such as cell shape/architecture, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and drug response as well as gene expression. Therefore, 3D cell culture models that better resemble the patient transcriptome are critical in defining physiologically relevant transcriptional changes. This review will present the transcriptional factor (TF) repertoire of breast cancer in 3D culture models in the context of mammary tissue architecture, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, cell death mechanisms, cancer therapy resistance and differential drug response, and stemness and will discuss the impact of culture dimensionality on breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Özkan
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gülfem Öztürk
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.G.Ö.); (G.K.)
| | - Gozde Korkmaz
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.G.Ö.); (G.K.)
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26
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Zhou S, Zhu C, Jin S, Cui C, Xiao L, Yang Z, Wang X, Yu J. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6607908. [PMID: 35712898 PMCID: PMC9199189 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which the intestinal microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in colon cancer metastasis. Intestinal flora data, and the GSE29621 (messenger RNA/long non-coding RNA [mRNA/lncRNA]) and GSE29622 (miRNA) datasets, were downloaded from The Cancer Gene Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. Immune-related cells in M1 vs. M0 samples were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Furthermore, an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (competing endogenous RNA [ceRNA]) network was constructed, and survival analysis of RNAs in the network was performed. A total of 16 miRNA-genus co-expression pairs containing eight microbial genera and 15 miRNAs were screened; notably, Porphyromonas and Bifidobacterium spp. were found to be associated with most miRNAs, and has-miR-3943 was targeted by most microbial genera. Furthermore, five immune cell types, including activated natural killer cells, M1 macrophages, resting mast cells, activated mast cells and neutrophils, were differentially accumulated between the M1 and M0 groups. Enrichment analysis suggested that mRNAs related to colon cancer metastasis were mainly involved in pathways related to bacterial and immune responses. Survival analysis revealed that TMEM176A and PALM3 in the ceRNA network were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. In conclusion, this study revealed a potential mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota influences the colon cancer microenvironment by targeting miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunhui Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Linghui Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516003, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- The IVD Medical Marketing Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Corresponding author: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516003, China. E-mail:
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Corresponding author: Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China. E-mail:
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27
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Saeb S, Assche JV, Loustau T, Rohr O, Wallet C, Schwartz C. Suicide gene therapy in cancer and HIV-1 infection: An alternative to conventional treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114893. [PMID: 34968484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicide Gene Therapy (SGT) aims to introduce a gene encoding either a toxin or an enzyme making the targeted cell more sensitive to chemotherapy. SGT represents an alternative approach to combat pathologies where conventional treatments fail such as pancreatic cancer or the high-grade glioblastoma which are still desperately lethal. We review the possibility to use SGT to treat these cancers which have shown promising results in vitro and in preclinical trials. However, SGT has so far failed in phase III clinical trials thus further improvements are awaited. We can now take advantages of the many advances made in SGT for treating cancer to combat other pathologies such as HIV-1 infection. In the review we also discuss the feasibility to add SGT to the therapeutic arsenal used to cure HIV-1-infected patients. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that both productive and latently infected cells are targeted by the SGT. In the last section, we address the limitations of this approach and how we might improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Jeanne Van Assche
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Clémentine Wallet
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France.
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28
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Xia T, Du W, Chen X, Zhang Y. Organoid models of the tumor microenvironment and their applications. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5829-5841. [PMID: 34033245 PMCID: PMC8256354 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A small percentage of data obtained from animal/2D culture models can be translated to humans. Therefore, there is a need to using native tumour microenvironment mimicking models to improve preclinical screening and reduce this attrition rate. For this purpose, currently, the utilization of organoids is expanding. Tumour organoids can recapitulate tumour microenvironment that is including cancer cells and non-neoplastic host components. Indeed, tumour organoids, both phenotypically and genetically, resemble the tumour tissue that originated from it. The unique properties of the tumour microenvironment can significantly affect drug response and cancer progression. In this review, we will discuss about various organoid culture strategies for modelling the tumour immune microenvironment, their applications and advantages in cancer research such as testing cancer immunotherapeutics, developing novel approaches for personalized medicine, testing drug toxicity, drug screening, study cancer initiation and progression, and we will also review the limitations of organoid culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal‐Pancreatic SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Lin Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal‐Pancreatic SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Yi Chen
- Clinical Research InstituteZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - You‐Ni Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTiantai People's HospitalTaizhouChina
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