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Yifan D, Jiaheng Z, Yili X, Junxia D, Chao T. CircRNA: A new target for ischemic stroke. Gene 2024; 933:148941. [PMID: 39270759 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a clinical emergency and disease with a poor prognosis, has a negative impact on the survival index of patients. It is frequently precipitated by a multitude of risk factors, including trauma. Currently, there is a paucity of predictive indicators for early intervention. As stable and abundant RNA in the body, circRNAs play a regulatory role in miRNAs and proteins, which affect the occurrence and development of diseases. Moreover, circRNAs can serve as predictors of clinical diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that circRNAs play pivotal roles in numerous aspects of ischemic stroke. Consequently, circRNAs have emerged as key areas of investigation in the field of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yifan
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhang Jiaheng
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiao Yili
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Duan Junxia
- The first affiliated hospital of hunan university of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Tan Chao
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; The first affiliated hospital of hunan university of Chinese medicine, Changsha 410007, China.
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2
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Mei S, Ma X, Zhou L, Wuyun Q, Cai Z, Yan J, Ding H. Circular RNA in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biogenesis, Function and Application. Biomolecules 2024; 14:952. [PMID: 39199340 PMCID: PMC11352787 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases pose a significant public health challenge globally, necessitating the development of effective treatments to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNAs, have been recognized for their role in cardiovascular disease. Aberrant expression of circRNAs is closely linked with changes in various cellular and pathophysiological processes within the cardiovascular system, including metabolism, proliferation, stress response, and cell death. Functionally, circRNAs serve multiple roles, such as acting as a microRNA sponge, providing scaffolds for proteins, and participating in protein translation. Owing to their unique properties, circRNAs may represent a promising biomarker for predicting disease progression and a potential target for cardiovascular drug development. This review comprehensively examines the properties, biogenesis, and potential mechanisms of circRNAs, enhancing understanding of their role in the pathophysiological processes impacting cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the prospective clinical applications of circRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mei
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaozhu Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qidamugai Wuyun
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ziyang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiangtao Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China; (S.M.); (X.M.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
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3
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Lu P, Fan J, Li B, Wang X, Song M. A novel protein encoded by circLARP1B promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing cAMP signaling. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117575. [PMID: 38851155 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circular RNA (circRNA) is closely related to atherosclerosis (AS) incidence and progression, but its regulatory mechanism in AS needs further elucidation. AS development is significantly influenced by abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) growth and migration. This study explored the potential protein role of circLARP1B in VSMC proliferation and migration. METHODS We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in human normal arterial intima and advanced atherosclerotic plaques to screen for differentially expressed circRNAs. The sequencing results were combined with database analysis to screen for circRNAs with coding ability. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to assess circLARP1B expression levels in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and cells. circLARP1B-243aa function and pathway in VSMCs growth and migration were studied by scratch, transwell, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, cell counting kit-8, and Western blot experiments. RESULTS We found that circLARP1B was downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissue and promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. circLARP1B encodes a novel protein with a length of 243 amino acids. Through functional experiments, we confirmed the role of circLARP1B-243aa in enhancing VSMCs migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, circLARP1B-243aa promotes VSMCs migration and growth by upregulating phosphodiesterase 4C to inhibit the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that circLARP1B could promote VSMCs growth and migration through the encoded protein circLARP1B-243aa. Therefore, it could be a treatment target and biomarker for AS.
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MESH Headings
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Movement
- Humans
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- SS-B Antigen
- Cells, Cultured
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China
| | - Jidan Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, PR China.
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, PR China.
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Aziz M, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Khan AW. Interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117615. [PMID: 38917706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, comprise the number one cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributor to CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a low-grade inflammatory disease of vasculature that involves a pathological build-up of plaque within the arterial walls. Studies have shown that regulation of gene expression via transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in transcriptomic changes linked to the development of atherosclerosis. Chromatin remodeling is a reversible phenomenon and studies have supported the clinical application of chromatin-modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition, pre-clinical studies have identified multiple transcription factors as potential therapeutic targets in combating atherosclerotic CVD. Although interaction between transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms facilitate gene regulation, a limited number of studies appreciate this crosstalk in the context of CVD. Here, we reviewed this gene regulatory mechanism underappreciated in atherosclerosis, which will highlight the mechanisms underlying novel therapeutics targeting epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aziz
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Am Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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5
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yin L, Han X, Zhao X, Wang N, Xu L. LncRNA Gm28382 promotes lipogenesis by interacting with miR-326-3p to regulate ChREBP signaling pathway in NAFLD. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111444. [PMID: 38157698 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play vital roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, their biological roles and function mechanisms in NAFLD remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that Gm28382 may be a potential pathogenic lncRNA of NAFLD and highly expressed in NAFLD through RNA-seq. Overexpression of Gm28382 significantly enhanced the lipid accumulation in AML12 cells, whereas Gm28382 silencing reduced lipogenesis both in palmitic acid (PA)-induced AML12 cells and high fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. Then, bioinformatics were employed to speculate the potential interacting genes of Gm28382, and found that Gm28382 may regulate ChREBP expression through binding with miR-326-3p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), dual luciferase reporter assay, immunofluorescence RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to validate the binding and targeting relationship of these genes, and we confirmed that Gm28382 competitively binds to miR-326-3p to increase ChREBP expression as a ceRNA. Mechanistically, overexpression of Gm28382 upregulated the ChREBP-mediated lipid synthesis signaling pathway, but the function was sabotaged by miR-326-3p deletion or ChREBP overexpression. Furthermore, in PA-challenged AML12 cells or HFD-induced mice, silencing of Gm28382 reversed the aberrant ChREBP signaling pathway and lipid accumulation, whereas ChREBP overexpression or liver-specific silencing of miR-326-3p blocked this function of Gm28382. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role of Gm28382 in the promotion of lipogenesis in NAFLD by regulating the ChREBP signaling pathway through interaction with miR-326-3p, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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6
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Lv N, Zhang Y, Wang L, Suo Y, Zeng W, Yu Q, Yu B, Jiang X. LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis in Atherosclerotic Inflammation: Research Progress. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1021-1040. [PMID: 37842894 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010267577231005102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. However, the exact mechanism underlying atherosclerosis-related inflammation has not been fully elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process that leads to atherosclerosis, there is need to identify novel molecular markers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained prominence in recent years. LncRNAs/circRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that bind to miRNAs via microRNA response elements (MREs), thereby inhibiting the silencing of miRNA target mRNAs. Inflammatory mediators and inflammatory signaling pathways are closely regulated by ceRNA regulatory networks in atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the role of LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in atherosclerotic inflammation and how it can be targeted for early clinical detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Hu HL, Zheng HX, Yuan N, Zhai CL, Chen H, Pan HH, Qian G. CircUsp9x/miR-599/stim1 axis regulates proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by oxidized-low density lipoprotein. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2280758. [PMID: 37963203 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2280758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis (AS) progression. We aimed to explore the role of circUSP9X in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 and EDU assays. Cell migration was evaluated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The interaction between circUSP9X or STIM1 and miR-599 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Their levels were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. CircUSP9X and STIM1 expression was increased, whereas miR-599 expression was reduced in the serum of patients with AS and ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. Overexpression of circUSP9X facilitated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL. CircUSP9X sponged miR-599, which targeted STIM1. MiR-599 reversed the effects induced by circUSP9X, and STIM1 reversed the effects induced by miR-599. Taken together, CircUSP9X promoted proliferation and migration in ox-LDL-treated VSMCs via the miR-599/STIM1 axis, providing a theoretical basis for the role of circUSP9X/miR-599/STIM1 axis in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Hu
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hui-Xiu Zheng
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhai
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gang Qian
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Du G, Tong L, Guo X, Wei Y. Overexpression of LOX-1 in hepatocytes protects vascular smooth muscle cells from phenotype transformation and wire injury induced carotid neoatherosclerosis through ALOX15. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166805. [PMID: 37468019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Neoatherosclerosis (NA), the main pathological basis of late stent failure, is the main limitation of interventional therapy. However, the specific pathogenesis and treatment remain unclear. In vivo, NA model was established by carotid wire injury and high-fat feeding in ApoE-/- mice. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1/lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (OLR1/LOX-1), a specific receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), was specifically ectopically overexpressed in hepatocytes by portal vein injection of adeno-associated serotype 8 (AAV8)-thyroid binding globulin (TBG)-Olr1 and the protective effect against NA was examined. In vitro, LOX-1 was overexpressed on HHL5 using lentivirus (LV)-OLR1 and the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-HHL5 indirect co-culture system was established to examine its protective effect on VSMCs and the molecular mechanism. Functionally, we found that specific ectopic overexpression of LOX-1 by hepatocytes competitively engulfed and metabolized ox-LDL, alleviating its resulting phenotypic transformation of VSMCs including migration, downregulation of contractile shape markers (smooth muscle α-actin (SMαA) and smooth muscle-22α (SM22α)), and upregulation of proliferative/migratory shape markers (osteopontin (OPN) and Vimentin) as well as foaminess and apoptosis, thereby alleviating NA, which independent of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering treatment (evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)). Mechanistically, we found that overexpression of LOX-1 in hepatocytes competitively engulfed and metabolized ox-LDL through upregulation of arachidonate-15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), which further upregulated scavenger receptor class B type I (SRBI) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). In conclusion, the overexpression of LOX-1 in liver protects VSMCs from phenotypic transformation and wire injury induced carotid neoatherosclerosis through ALOX15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohui Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yumiao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhang T, Fang J, Meng S. Circular RNAs in vascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1247434. [PMID: 37840954 PMCID: PMC10570532 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1247434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are urgently in need of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a unique class of RNAs characterized by a circular loop configuration and have recently been identified to possess a wide variety of biological functions. CircRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, tissue specificity, and are detectable in body fluids, thus holding promise as potential biomarkers. Their encoding function and stable gene expression also position circRNAs as an excellent alternative to gene therapy. Here, we briefly review the biogenesis, degradation, and functions of circRNAs. We summarize circRNAs discovered in major vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms, with a particular focus on molecular mechanisms of circRNAs identified in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, in the hope to reveal new directions for mechanism, prognosis and therapeutic targets of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shu Meng
- Department of Basic Science Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Suguro S, Suguro R. MicroRNAs Regulate Function in Atherosclerosis and Clinical Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2561509. [PMID: 37675243 PMCID: PMC10480027 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2561509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is considered the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Athermanous plaque formation is pathognomonic of atherosclerosis. The main feature of atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque, which is inseparable from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. MicroRNAs, a small highly conserved noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule, have multiple biological functions, such as regulating gene transcription, silencing target gene expression, and affecting protein translation. MicroRNAs also have various pharmacological activities, such as regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic processes. It is noteworthy that many studies in recent years have also proved that microRNAs play a role in atherosclerosis. Methods To summarize the functions of microRNAs in atherosclerosis, we reviewed all relevant articles published in the PubMed database before June 2022, with keywords "atherosclerosis," "microRNA," "endothelial cells," "vascular smooth muscle cells," "macrophages," and "cholesterol homeostasis," briefly summarized a series of research progress on the function of microRNAs in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages and atherosclerosis. Results and Conclusion. In general, the expression levels of some microRNAs changed significantly in different stages of atherosclerosis pathogenesis; therefore, MicroRNAs may become new diagnostic biomarkers for atherosclerosis. In addition, microRNAs are also involved in the regulation of core processes such as endothelial dysfunction, plaque formation and stabilization, and cholesterol metabolism, which also suggests the great potential of microRNAs as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yidan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Sei Suguro
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rinkiko Suguro
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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11
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Dergunova LV, Vinogradina MA, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Dergunov AD. Circular RNAs Variously Participate in Coronary Atherogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6682-6700. [PMID: 37623241 PMCID: PMC10453518 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in coronary artery atherogenesis and other cardiovascular diseases. They belong to the class of non-coding RNAs and arise as a result of non-canonical splicing of premature RNA, which results in the formation of closed single-stranded circRNA molecules that lack 5'-end caps and 3'-end poly(A) tails. circRNAs have broad post-transcriptional regulatory activity. Acting as a sponge for miRNAs, circRNAs compete with mRNAs for binding to miRNAs, acting as competing endogenous RNAs. Numerous circRNAs are involved in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes associated with the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that сirc_0001445, circ_0000345, circ_0093887, сircSmoc1-2, and circ_0003423 are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) with an atheroprotective effect, while circ_0002984, circ_0029589, circ_0124644, circ_0091822, and circ_0050486 possess a proatherogenic effect. With their high resistance to endonucleases, circRNAs are promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide updated information on the involvement of atherogenesis-related circRNAs in the pathogenesis of CAD. We also discuss the main modern approaches to detecting and studying circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions, as well as the prospects for using circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Margarita A. Vinogradina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Ivan B. Filippenkov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia; (M.A.V.); (I.B.F.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Alexander D. Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky Street 10, Moscow 101990, Russia;
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Sun H, Huang X, Hong S. CIRC_0091822 CONTRIBUTES TO THE PROLIFERATION, INVASION, AND MIGRATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS UNDER OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN TREATMENT. Shock 2023; 60:181-189. [PMID: 37295017 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to mediate atherosclerosis (AS) process by regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function. However, whether circ_0091822 mediates VSMCs function to regulate AS process is unclear. Methods: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to treat VSMCs for constructing AS cell models. Vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, invasion, and migration were examined by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, and wound healing assay. Protein expression was tested by western blot analysis. The expression of circ_0091822, microRNA (miR)-339-5p, and blocking of proliferation 1 (BOP1) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. RNA interaction was examined using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. Results: Ox-LDL treatment enhanced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration. Circ_0091822 was overexpressed in the serum of AS patients and ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Circ_0091822 knockdown inhibited ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration. Circ_0091822 sponged miR-339-5p, and miR-339-5p inhibitor reversed the function of circ_0091822 knockdown. MiR-339-5p targeted BOP1, and BOP1 also reversed the repressing effect of miR-339-5p on ox-LDL-induced VSMCs functions. Circ_0091822/miR-339-5p/BOP1 axis promoted the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Circ_0091822 might be a therapeutic target for AS, which facilitated ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration through modulating miR-339-5p/BOP1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shichai Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Yang M, Luo J, Zhang S, Huang Q, Cao Q. Knockdown of circ_0113656 assuages oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell injury through the miR-188-3p/IGF2 pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230687. [PMID: 37415611 PMCID: PMC10320571 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). The present work analyzed the RNA expression of circ_0113656, microRNA-188-3p (miR-188-3p), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2), and IGF2 was detected by Western blotting. Cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration were analyzed using the cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, transwell invasion, and wound-healing assays, respectively. The interactions among circ_0113656, miR-188-3p, and IGF2 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The results showed that circ_0113656 and IGF2 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR-188-3p was downregulated in the blood of AS patients and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated HVSMCs in comparison with controls. The ox-LDL treatment induced HVSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion accompanied by increases in PCNA and MMP2 expression; however, these effects were attenuated after circ_0113656 knockdown. Circ_0113656 acted as a miR-188-3p sponge and it regulated ox-LDL-induced HVSMC disorders by binding to miR-188-3p. Besides, the regulation of miR-188-3p in ox-LDL-induced HVSMC injury involved IGF2. Further, the depletion of circ_0113656 inhibited IGF2 expression by interacting with miR-188-3p. Thus, the circ_0113656/miR-188-3p/IGF2 axis may mediate ox-LDL-induced HVSMC disorders in AS, providing a new therapeutic strategy for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Provincial, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Vasculocardioloy, People’s Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Provincial, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Provincial, Nanchang, China
| | - Qianqiang Cao
- Department of Vasculocardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Provincial, No. 266,
Fenhe North Road, Nanchang, China
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Triska J, Mathew C, Zhao Y, Chen YE, Birnbaum Y. Circular RNA as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis: Are We Running in Circles? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4446. [PMID: 37445481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been paid lately to harnessing the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of non-coding circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The genetic environment that contributes to atherosclerosis pathophysiology is immensely complex. Any potential therapeutic application of circRNAs must be assessed for risks, benefits, and off-target effects in both the short and long term. A search of the online PubMed database for publications related to circRNA and atherosclerosis from 2016 to 2022 was conducted. These studies were reviewed for their design, including methods for developing atherosclerosis and the effects of the corresponding atherosclerotic environment on circRNA expression. Investigated mechanisms were recorded, including associated miRNA, genes, and ultimate effects on cell mechanics, and inflammatory markers. The most investigated circRNAs were then further analyzed for redundant, disparate, and/or contradictory findings. Many disparate, opposing, and contradictory effects were observed across experiments. These include levels of the expression of a particular circRNA in atherosclerotic environments, attempted ascertainment of the in toto effects of circRNA or miRNA silencing on atherosclerosis progression, and off-target, cell-specific, and disease-specific effects. The high potential for detrimental and unpredictable off-target effects downstream of circRNA manipulation will likely render the practice of therapeutic targeting of circRNA or miRNA molecules not only complicated but perilous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Triska
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christo Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuqing E Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Wang G, Luo Y, Gao X, Liang Y, Yang F, Wu J, Fang D, Luo M. MicroRNA regulation of phenotypic transformations in vascular smooth muscle: relevance to vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:144. [PMID: 37165163 PMCID: PMC11071847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length) that function as regulators in various physiological and pathophysiological events. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant miRNAs' expression might underlie VSMC phenotypic transformation, appearing to regulate the phenotypic transformations of VSMCs by targeting specific genes that either participate in the maintenance of the contractile phenotype or contribute to the transformation to alternate phenotypes, and affecting atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease by altering VSMC proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, calcification, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, suggesting an important regulatory role in vascular remodeling for maintaining vascular homeostasis. This review outlines recent progress in the discovery of miRNAs and elucidation of their mechanisms of action and functions in VSMC phenotypic regulation. Importantly, as the literature supports roles for miRNAs in modulating vascular remodeling and for maintaining vascular homeostasis, this area of research will likely provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis and ultimately facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Cristóbal I, Santos A, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. A complex microRNA regulatory network may control the HCP5/UTP3/c-Myc/VAMP3 signaling axis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:922-923. [PMID: 36933561 PMCID: PMC10124069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Cheng C, Wang Y, Xue Q, Huang Y, Wang X, Liao F, Miao C. CircRnas in atherosclerosis, with special emphasis on the spongy effect of circRnas on miRnas. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:527-541. [PMID: 36229933 PMCID: PMC9928460 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2133365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to atherosclerotic rupture, lumen stenosis and thrombosis, and often endangers life. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of non-coding RNA molecules, whose abnormal expression has been proved to be closely related to human diseases, including AS. Both the abnormal regulation of circRNAs and the sponging effect on miRNAs would lead to changes in gene expression in the form of epigenetic modification, ultimately leading to the formation of AS. CircRNAs can be used as peripheral blood markers of AS, and play an important regulatory role in the proliferation, migration, inflammation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophage, which are key cells for the development of AS. The in-depth understanding of circRNAs in AS not only provides a new method for the diagnosis of AS, but also provides a new idea for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Chen S, Sun L, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu X. Oxygenized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced ASMC Dysregulation Depends on circ_0000345-Mediated Regulatory Mechanism. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:1849-1863. [PMID: 36171087 PMCID: PMC9881541 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells are key participants in atherosclerosis. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000345 (circ_0000345) and miR-647 are related to oxygenized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced arterial smooth muscle cell (ASMC) dysregulation. However, the relationship between circ_0000345 and miR-647 in ox-LDL-induced ASMC dysregulation is unclear. METHODS Relative levels of circ_0000345, miR-647, and PAP-associated domain containing 5 (PAPD5) mRNA in AS patient's serum and ox-LDL-induced ASMCs were detected via RT-qPCR. Gain-of-function experiments were utilized to analyze the effects of circ_0000345 upregulation on ox-LDL-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammatory response in ASMCs. The relationship between circ_0000345 or PAPD5 and miR-647 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Circ_0000345 and PAPD5 were lowly expressed in AS patient's serum and ox-LDL-induced ASMCs, while miR-647 expression had an opposing trend. Mechanistically, circ_0000345 was verified as a miR-647 sponge, and miR-647 overexpression impaired the inhibitory effects of circ_0000345 upregulation on ox-LDL-induced ASMC proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammatory response. Further experiments demonstrated that PAPD5 was a miR-647 target, and circ_0000345 adsorbed miR-647 to mediate PAPD5 expression. Also, PAPD5 inhibition relieved miR-647 silencing-mediated suppression on ox-LDL-induced ASMC proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0000345 elevated PAPD5 expression via acting as a miR-647 sponge, resulting in alleviating ox-LDL-induced ASMC dysregulation. The study highlighted the critical role of circ_0000345 in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Lixiu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
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Emerging roles of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:394. [PMID: 36127318 PMCID: PMC9488879 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is complex and threatens human health. Cardiomyocyte death is an important participant in the pathophysiological basis of CVDs. Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death caused by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal iron metabolism. Ferroptosis differs from other known cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Several compounds have been shown to induce or inhibit ferroptosis by regulating related key factors or signalling pathways. Recent studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is associated with the development of diverse CVDs and may be a potential therapeutic drug target for CVDs. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and related mechanisms of ferroptosis and focus on its role in CVDs, with the goal of inspiring novel treatment strategies.
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Li YP, Qiang TT, Wang KY, Wang XL. Shexiang Baoxin Pill Regulates Intimal Hyperplasia, Migration, and Apoptosis after Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Stimulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via miR-451. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:785-793. [PMID: 35840853 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-2891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory roles of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SXBXW) in neointimal formation and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) invasion and apoptosis as well as the potential molecular mechanisms using cultured VSMCs model of vascular injury (platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated) in vitro. METHODS VSMCs were randomly assigned to 5 groups: blank, PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL+ 0.1% DMSO), SXBXW-L (PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL + SXBXW low dose 0.625 g/L), SXBXW-M (PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL + SXBXW medium dose 1.25 g/L) and SXBXW-H (PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL+ SXBXW high dose 2.5 g/L) group. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, the migration effects were detected by Transwell assay, cell apoptosis rate was measured by the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis kit. The markers of contractile phenotype of VSMCs were detected with immunofluorescent staining. To validate the effects of miR-451 in regulating proliferation, migration and apoptosis treated with SXBXW, miR-451 overexpression experiments were performed, the VSMCs were exposed to PDGF-BB 20 ng/mL + 0.1% DMSO and later divided into 4 groups: mimic-NC (multiplicity of infection, MOI=50), SXBXW (1.25 g/L) + mimic-NC, mimic-miR451 (MOI=50), and SXBXW (1.25 g/L) + mimic-miR451, and alterations of proteins related to the miR-451 pathway were analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS PDGF-BB induced VSMCs injury causes acceleration of proliferation and migration. SXBXW inhibited phenotypic switching, proliferation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. In addition, miR-451 was shown to be down-regulated in the VSMCs following PDGF-BB stimulation. SXBXW treatment enhanced the expression of miR-451 in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs (P<0.05). Compared with SXBXW + mimic-NC and mimic-miR451 groups, the expression of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (Ywhaz) and p53 was further reduced in SXBXW + mimic-miR451 group, while activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) was increased in VSMCs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION SXBXW regulated proliferation, migration and apoptosis via activation of miR-451 through ATF2, p53 and Ywhaz in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ke-Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang Y, Pei W, Lu P. Circ_ARHGAP32 acts as miR-665 sponge to upregulate FGF2 to promote ox-LDL induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:169-182. [PMID: 35662113 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Circular RNA (circRNA) is considered to be an important regulator of human diseases, including atherosclerosis (AS). However, the role of circ_ARHGAP32 in AS formation needs further confirmation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of circ_ARHGAP32 in AS formation. METHODS: Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to treat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to mimic AS cell models in vitro. The expression of circ_ARHGAP32, microRNA (miR)-665, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. VSMCs function was measured by EdU assay, cell counting kit 8 assay and transwell assay. Protein expression was determined using western blot analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were performed to verify RNA interaction. RESULTS: Circ_ARHGAP32 was highly expressed in AS patients and ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Knockdown of circ_ARHGAP32 repressed ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration in VSMCs. Circ_ARHGAP32 sponged miR-665 to positively regulate FGF2. MiR-665 inhibitor reversed the regulation of sh-circ_ARHGAP32 on ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. MiR-665 also had a suppressive effect on the proliferation and migration of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs, and this effect could be reversed by FGF2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Circ_ARHGAP32 might be a potential target for AS treatment, which promoted ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration by regulating miR-665/FGF2 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Wang
- Department of Dardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Pei
- Department of Dardiology, Jing’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Dardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Circular RNAs: regulators of vascular smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:519-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Tang H, Zeng Z, Shang C, Li Q, Liu J. Epigenetic Regulation in Pathology of Atherosclerosis: A Novel Perspective. Front Genet 2022; 12:810689. [PMID: 34976029 PMCID: PMC8714670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.810689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex pathological process that involves different cell types and can be seen as a chronic inflammatory disease. In the advanced stage, the ruptured atherosclerotic plaque can induce deadly accidents including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Epigenetics regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA modification. maintains cellular identity via affecting the cellular transcriptome. The epigenetic modification process, mediating by epigenetic enzymes, is dynamic under various stimuli, which can be reversely altered. Recently, numerous studies have evidenced the close relationship between atherosclerosis and epigenetic regulations in atherosclerosis, providing us with a novel perspective in researching mechanisms and finding novel therapeutic targets of this serious disease. Here, we critically review the recent discoveries between epigenetic regulation mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Sun S, Kong Q, Cai Z, Wang M, Zhao H, Zhao C. circ‑Grm1 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via suppression of GRM1 expression by FUS. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:202. [PMID: 34528696 PMCID: PMC8480385 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive and fatal disease. Recent studies suggest that circular RNA (circRNAs/circs) can regulate various biological processes, including cell proliferation. Therefore, it is possible that circRNA may have important roles in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). The aim of the present study was to determine the role and mechanism of circRNA‑glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 (circ‑Grm1; mmu_circ_0001907) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and migration in HPH. High‑throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to screen circRNAs and targeted genes involved in HPH. Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8), 5‑ethynyl‑2‑deoxyuridine and wound healing assays were employed to assess cell viability and migration. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect target gene expression in different groups. Bioinformatical approaches were used to predict the interaction probabilities of circ‑Grm1 and Grm1 with FUS RNA binding protein (FUS). The interactions of circ‑Grm1, Grm1 and FUS were evaluated using RNA silencing and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The results demonstrated that circ‑Grm1 was upregulated in hypoxic PASMCs. Further experiments revealed that the knockdown of circ‑Grm1 could suppress the proliferation and migration of hypoxic PASMCs. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Grm1 could be the target gene of circ‑Grm1. It was found that circ‑Grm1 could competitively bind to FUS and consequently downregulate Grm1. Moreover, Grm1 could inhibit the function of circ‑Grm1 by promoting the proliferative and migratory abilities of hypoxic PASMCs. The results also demonstrated that circ‑Grm1 influenced the biological functions of PASMCs via the Rap1/ERK pathway by regulating Grm1. Overall, the current results suggested that circ‑Grm1 was associated with HPH and promoted the proliferation and migration of PASMCs via suppression of Grm1 expression through FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haizhao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cuifen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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25
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Li R, Jiang Q, Zheng Y. Circ_0002984 induces proliferation, migration and inflammation response of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL through miR-326-3p/VAMP3 axis in atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8028-8038. [PMID: 34169652 PMCID: PMC8358879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can result in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been reported as significant non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis progression. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in atherosclerosis. However, up to now, the effect of circ_0002984 in atherosclerosis is still unknown. Currently, we aimed to investigate the function of circ_0002984 in VSMCs incubated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Firstly, our findings indicated that the expression levels of circ_0002984 were significantly up-regulated in the serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox-LDL-incubated VSMCs. Loss of circ_0002984 suppressed VSMC viability, cell cycle distribution and migration capacity. Then, we carried out ELISA assay to determine TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The data implied that lack of circ_0002984 obviously repressed ox-LDL-stimulated VSMC inflammation. Meanwhile, miR-326-3p, which was predicted as a target of circ_0002984, was obviously down-regulated in VSMCs treated by ox-LDL. Additionally, after overexpression circ_0002984 in VSMCs, a decrease in miR-326-3p was observed. Subsequently, miR-326-3p was demonstrated to target vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3). Therefore, we hypothesized that circ_0002984 could modulate expression of VAMP3 through sponging miR-326-3p. Furthermore, we confirmed that up-regulation of miR-326-3p rescued the circ_0002984 overexpressing-mediated effects on VMSC viability, migration and inflammation. Additionally, miR-326-3p inhibitor-mediated functions on VSMCs were reversed by knockdown of VAMP3. In conclusion, circ_0002984 mediated cell proliferation, migration and inflammation through modulating miR-326-3p and VAMP3 in VSMCs, which suggested that circ_0002984 might hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/toxicity
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3/genetics
- Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruogu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiliang Jiang
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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