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Tušl M, Šípová I, Máčel M, Cetkovská K, Bauer GF. The sense of coherence scale: psychometric properties in a representative sample of the Czech adult population. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:293. [PMID: 38796516 PMCID: PMC11128106 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sense of coherence (SOC) is a personal resource that reflects the extent to which one perceives the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Decades of empirical research consistently show that SOC is an important protective resource for health and well-being. Despite the extensive use of the 13-item measure of SOC, there remains uncertainty regarding its factorial structure. Additionally, a valid and reliable Czech version of the scale is lacking. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SOC-13 scale in a representative sample of Czech adults. METHODS An online survey was completed by 498 Czech adults (18-86 years old) between November 2021 and December 2021. We used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factorial structure of the scale. Further, we examined the variations in SOC based on age and gender, and we tested the criterion validity of the scale using the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale as mental health outcomes. RESULTS SOC-13 showed an acceptable one- and three-factor fit only with specified residual covariance between items 2 and 3. We tested alternative short versions by systematically removing poorly performing items. The fit significantly improved for all shorter versions with SOC-9 having the best psychometric properties with a clear one-factorialstructure. We found that SOC increases with age and males score higher than females. SOC showed a moderately strong positive correlation with MHC, and a moderately strong negative correlation with GAD. These findings were similar for all tested versions supporting the criterion validity of the SOC scale. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that shortened versions of the SOC-13 scale have better psychometric properties than the original 13-item version in the Czech adult population. Particularly, SOC-9 emerges as a viable alternative, showing comparable reliability and validity as the 13-item version and a clear one-factorial structure in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tušl
- Division of Public and Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland.
| | - Ivana Šípová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Máčel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Cetkovská
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Georg F Bauer
- Division of Public and Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland
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Wahlin Å, Lindmark U, Norderyd O. Association of sense of coherence and periodontal disease severity, in two cross-sectional studies. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38606656 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between the individuals' level of sense of coherence (SOC) and periodontal disease severity. METHODS The study populations originated from two stratified cross-sectional random samples of residents in a medium-sized Swedish city in 2003 and 2013, respectively. The final samples constituted 491 individuals in 2003 and 538 individuals in 2013. The samples were classified into three groups according to the severity of periodontitis (no/minor, moderate and severe). The 13-item Swedish version of Antonovsky's "Orientation to life" questionnaire, measuring the individual's SOC, was filled out. Descriptive statistics were performed as well as multinomial logistic regression analysis. Dependent variable was the severity of periodontal disease and independent variables, age in years, presently smoking and education at university level. RESULTS In the multinomial regression analysis, smoking, age, and total SOC score were significantly associated with severe periodontitis at both examinations. The strongest predictor of severe periodontal disease was smoking. The total SOC score did not differ between the examinations, but there was a statistically significant difference in two of the SOC dimensions, manageability (lower), and comprehensibility (higher), over time. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with severe periodontitis had significantly lower SOC compared to subjects periodontally having no/minor periodontal disease. Smoking was the strongest overall predictor of having severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Wahlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lindmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Ola Norderyd
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University and The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
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Mathisen KM, Holde GE, Torp S, Jönsson B. Sense of coherence in a general adult population in Northern Norway and its associations with oral health. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:755. [PMID: 37833723 PMCID: PMC10576349 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sense of coherence (SOC) is a global orientation to life that may affect a person's way of acting and living within his or her life context, which can have an impact on general and oral health. The aims of this study were (i) to describe the distribution of SOC in a general adult population; (ii) to explore whether sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviours, self-reported oral health, and clinical oral status were associated with SOC; and (iii) to explore whether SOC was associated with self-reported oral health, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviours, and oral clinical status. METHODS This study was based on data from the cross-sectional population-based study Oral Health in Northern Norway (N = 1819 individuals, 923 women, mean age 47.1 ± 15.2 years). Data were collected between October 2013 and November 2014 in Troms County. Participants answered a questionnaire that included items on SOC, sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviours, and self-reported oral health. Clinical oral status (number of teeth, dental caries, and periodontal status) was determined through oral and radiographic examination. Linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with SOC. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine SOC and its association with self-reported oral health adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behaviours, and clinical oral status. RESULTS The mean SOC score was 68.5 (standard deviation 10.5). The younger age groups (20-29 and 30-39 years) had mean SOC scores of 64.0 (95% CI: 62.7,65.3) and 67.2 (95% CI: 66.0,68.5), respectively, and the older age groups (40-79 years) had mean SOC scores between 69.8 and 70.1 (95% CI: 68.2,71.3). A higher mean SOC score was associated with older age, higher education level, higher income (all p < 0.001), being married/cohabiting (p = 0.005), and toothbrushing ≥ 2 times/day (p = 0.008). Approximately 49% of participants reported good oral health. SOC was positively associated with self-reported good oral health in the adjusted model (odds ratio:1.03 [95% CI: 1.02,1.05] p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SOC was associated with sociodemographic characteristics and toothbrushing habits. There was no significant association between SOC and clinical oral status; however, SOC was positively associated with self-reported good oral health. This indicates that a person's SOC might have an impact on how an individual perceives their oral health, independent of sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Margrethe Mathisen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Gro Eirin Holde
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steffen Torp
- Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Vestfold, Norway
| | - Birgitta Jönsson
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN), Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cruz Olivo EA, Corradi-Dias L, Paiva SM, Storino RJ, Moura MF, Pereira AG, Cota LOM, Costa FO, Abreu LG. Association Between Sense of Coherence and Periodontal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021; 44:225-234. [PMID: 32842003 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between sense of coherence (SOC) and periodontal outcomes. Electronic searches were performed in 6 databases. Seventeen studies that evaluated the association between SOC and periodontal outcomes were included. The included studies demonstrated that individuals with a stronger SOC were more likely to present improved periodontal outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that individuals with a lower SOC were 3.31 times more likely to present bleeding on probing. Sons/daughters of mothers with a lower SOC were 3.22 times more likely to present gingival bleeding. Individuals with a stronger SOC have better periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Andres Cruz Olivo
- Departments of Periodontology (Messrs Cruz Olivo, Storino, and Pereira, Ms Moura, and Drs Miranda Cota and Costa) and Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health (Ms Corradi-Dias and Drs Paiva and Abreu), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and Department of Population & Patient Health, King's College London, United Kingdom (Dr Abreu)
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Jönsson B, Holde GE, Baker SR. The role of psychosocial factors and treatment need in dental service use and oral health among adults in Norway. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:215-224. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Jönsson
- Department of Periodontology Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Gro Eirin Holde
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway Tromsø Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Sarah R. Baker
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Holde GE, Baker SR, Jönsson B. Periodontitis and quality of life: What is the role of socioeconomic status, sense of coherence, dental service use and oral health practices? An exploratory theory-guided analysis on a Norwegian population. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:768-779. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Eirin Holde
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT the Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Sarah R. Baker
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Birgitta Jönsson
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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Joshi S, Suominen AL, Knuuttila M, Bernabé E. Toothbrushing behaviour and periodontal pocketing: An 11-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 45:196-203. [PMID: 29178189 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between toothbrushing behaviour and change in periodontal pocketing among adults. METHODS We pooled data from 1,025 adults, aged 30-89 years, who participated in two national surveys in Finland (Health 2000 and Health 2011, BRIF8901) and reported their toothbrushing frequency. A cumulative measure of regular toothbrushing was created by counting the number of times participants reported brushing twice or more daily across the two surveys (ranging from 0 to 2). The association between toothbrushing behaviour and the number of teeth with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm over 11 years was assessed in linear regression models adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There was a clear dose-response relationship between toothbrushing frequency (either at baseline or follow-up) and change in number of teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm. There was also evidence of a cumulative effect of regular toothbrushing on change in number of teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm. Participants who reported brushing twice or more a day in both surveys developed 1.99 (95% CI: 1.02-2.95) fewer teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm than those who did not report this behaviour in any survey. CONCLUSION This 11-year prospective study showed that toothbrushing behaviour was associated with smaller increments in the number of teeth with periodontal pocketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriraksha Joshi
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Anna L Suominen
- Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,The Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,The Health Monitoring Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
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Cyrino RM, Costa FO, Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Cota LOM. Sense of coherence and periodontal health outcomes. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:368-73. [PMID: 27244670 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sense of Coherence (SOC) has been associated with perceived oral health measures, but the contribution of SOC to clinical measures is still unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the potential association between periodontal health outcomes, such as periodontal clinical parameters and perceived periodontal health, and SOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample comprised 276 individuals, aged 18-60 years, from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants answered questionnaires covering sociodemographic variables, self-perceived periodontal health and SOC. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed. The sample was divided into three groups according to SOC score: (a) SOC1 = weak (24-46); (b) SOC2 = moderate (47-51); (c) SOC3 = strong (52-65). Multivariate analyses including appropriate logistic or linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between periodontal health outcomes and biological, sociodemographic and behavioural variables. RESULTS Perceived general oral health was associated with family income bracket (p = 0.010), smoking (p = 0.004), dental flossing (p = 0.017) and SOC (weak SOC: p = 0.005). Perceived gum disease and perceived periodontal disease were associated with SOC (weak SOC: p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Overall, perceived periodontal health outcomes were associated with SOC. However, no association between clinical periodontal health outcomes and SOC were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Magalhães Cyrino
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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