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Medina-Vega M, Ibarra MCB, Quezada-Conde MDC, Reis INRD, Frias AC, Raggio DP, Michel-Crosato E, Mendes FM, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Periodontal status among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in Quito, Ecuador. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e002. [PMID: 38198302 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Frias
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Community Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Mendes Pannuti
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Alexandre Romito
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Piwat S, Basic A, Pahumunto N, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Periodontal diseases in Thai schoolchildren. Clinical and microbiological observations. Odontology 2024; 112:232-241. [PMID: 37154987 PMCID: PMC10776494 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai schoolchildren, along with the presence and numbers of bacterial species commonly associated with periodontitis were investigated. A consent form was sent out to 192 schoolchildren in one school (Chanachanupathom School) in Chana, Southern Thailand (in the age range of 12-18 years) and 119 attended for a clinical and microbiological examination. Clinical recordings included number of teeth present, DMFT, plaque index, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Pooled plaque samples were analyzed with culture and qPCR against bacteria associated with periodontitis. The children had low caries experience (DMFT = 3.2 ± 2.3), poor oral hygiene, high bleeding scores, and 67 (56.3%) had at least one interproximal site with CAL ≥ 1 mm. Thirty-seven (31.1%) of the children were diagnosed with periodontitis stage I, and sixteen (13.4%) were classified as periodontitis Stage II. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was sparsely found in all but the healthy clinical groups (gingivitis, periodontitis Stage I and II), while the groups showed a high prevalence of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Campylobacter species as well as of the periodontitis-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Thai schoolchildren have poor oral hygiene with abundant amounts of plaque and high presence of bleeding. Early onset periodontitis is common but mostly in its mild form and is not associated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supacharin Piwat
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Strauss FJ, Marruganti C, Romandini M, Cavalla F, Neira P, Jiménez FJ, Jung RE, Sanz M, Gamonal Aravena J. Epidemiology of mid-buccal gingival recessions according to the 2018 Classification System in South America: Results from two population-based studies. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1336-1347. [PMID: 37430409 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence, severity and extent of mid-buccal gingival recessions (GRs; classified according to the 2018 Classification System) and to identify their risk indicators in the South American population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological data from two cross-sectional studies-performed on 1070 South American adolescents and 1456 Chilean adults-were obtained. All participants received a full-mouth periodontal examination by calibrated examiners. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm. GRs were also categorized into different recession types (RTs) according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System. Analyses for RT risk indicators were also performed. All analyses were carried out at the participant level. RESULTS The prevalence of mid-buccal GRs was 14.1% in South American adolescents and 90.9% in Chilean adults. In South American adolescents, the prevalence of RTs was 4.3% for RT1 GRs, 10.7% for RT2 GRs and 1.7% for RT3 GRs. In Chilean adults, the prevalence of RT1 GRs was 0.3%, while the prevalence of RT2 and RT3 GRs was 85.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS; <25%) was associated with the presence of RT1 GRs in adolescents. The risk indicators for RT2/RT3 GRs mainly overlapped with those for periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Mid-buccal GRs affected 14.1% of South American adolescents, whereas they affected most of the Chilean adult population (>90%). While RT1 GRs are more commonly observed in a non-representative cohort of South American adolescents (when compared to Chilean adults), the majority of Chilean adults exhibit RT2/RT3 GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Josef Strauss
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Aconcagua Clinical Research Unit, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Aconcagua Clinical Research Unit, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Patricio Neira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Aconcagua Clinical Research Unit, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Francisco J Jiménez
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ronald E Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Gamonal Aravena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Aconcagua Clinical Research Unit, San Felipe, Chile
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Čolak D, Cmok Kučič A, Pintar T, Gašpirc B, Gašperšič R. Periodontal and systemic health of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35562737 PMCID: PMC9107195 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In obese patients, periodontitis might be associated with deprived systemic health. Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS) is a new tool for classification of obesity that considers the metabolic, physical, and psychological health. The cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery and the association between periodontitis, obesity-related comorbidities, and EOSS. Methods Morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery underwent detailed periodontal examination and were divided into the periodontitis group (PG) and the non-periodontitis group (NPG). The medical and demographic data were obtained from medical files, while behavioural data were obtained by the interview. Descriptive statistics and simple statistical tests were used to summarise the characteristics of the sample and the differences between PG and NPG. The logistic regression models were used to calculate the association (odds ratio (OR)) between periodontitis and obesity-related diseases and EOSS. Results The study included 79 patients, with an average BMI of 44.6 kg/m2 (SD = 7.2). The prevalence of periodontitis was 65% (CI 95% 53%-75%). PG patients (n = 51) were older, more often smokers and were more often hypertensive than NPG patients (n = 28) (p < 0.05). Hypertension was positively associated with periodontitis with adjusted OR 3.98 (95% CI 1.23–12.8; p = 0.021)) and age with adjusted OR 1.06, (95% CI 1.01–1.13; p = 0.038)), while other tested conditions (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and smoking habits) did not show significant association with periodontitis. Periodontitis did not correlate with EOSS or other obesity-related comorbidities (p > 0.05). Conclusion The morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery show a high prevalence of periodontitis and, therefore, are advised to be examined by a dentist before undergoing surgery. They have higher odds of hypertension but not of other obesity-related diseases or higher stages of EOSS. The medical personnel should raise awareness among obese patients on the potential association of poor periodontal health with hypertension. Trial registration NCT04653714. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02207-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Čolak
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Alja Cmok Kučič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Gašpirc
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Gašperšič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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Kissa J, Albandar JM, El Houari B, Khlil N, Amine K, Chemlali S, Mikou S, Gharibi A, El Ouadnassi I, Tricha L, Himmiche M, Rifki C. National survey of periodontal diseases in adolescents and young adults in Morocco. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:439-447. [PMID: 35246871 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM National surveys of periodontal diseases in children are rare. This study describes the first national survey of oral health of adolescents attending public schools in Morocco. We report the prevalence and demographic determinants of periodontal diseases, and generate population estimates for this young population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a multi-stage probability sample comprising 14,667 students in 87 schools and 520 classrooms, representative of students attending grades 6-12 (age 12-18 years) in Morocco. The students were interviewed and then examined clinically to assess their periodontal status, which was classified according to the 2017 World Workshop. In addition, the diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) was assessed. RESULTS Of approximately 3 million students in this age cohort, 12.3% (or approximately 360,894 subjects) had periodontitis and 46.9% (1.4 million) had gingivitis. They comprised 10.8%, 2.9%, and 6.1% subjects with periodontitis stage I, II, and III/IV, respectively; 5.0%, or 148,336 subjects, had AgP. The prevalence rates were not significantly different by gender or urban status. However, the prevalence of AgP was particularly high in certain regions of Morocco. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of staged periodontitis and AgP in this young population is among the highest reported in national surveys worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Kissa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bouchra El Houari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Khlil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Amine
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sihame Chemlali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salwa Mikou
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane El Ouadnassi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Tricha
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Chouaib Rifki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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6
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Morales A, Strauss FJ, Hämmerle CHF, Romandini M, Cavalla F, Baeza M, Sanz M, Gamonal J. Performance of the 2017 AAP/EFP case definition compared to the CDC/AAP definition in population-based studies. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1003-1013. [PMID: 34625960 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification of the periodontal conditions is indispensable for epidemiological data in order to guide situational awareness and therapeutic strategies. The new classification of periodontal diseases and conditions introduced by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology (AAP/EFP), however, has not yet been applied to population-based studies. The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of periodontitis between the AAP/EFP and the CDC/AAP classification system and to evaluate the accuracy of the new AAP/EFP classification system against the CDC/AAP case definition for population-based studies. METHODS Epidemiological data from two cross-sectional studies were obtained. One of them was a population-based study on Chilean adults (1.456 individuals; 35-44 years; 65-74 years) and the other one a sample of adolescents (1.070 individuals; 15-19 years) from 5 countries; Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay. All participants had undergone full-mouth periodontal examination by calibrated examiners. Epidemiological datasets were analyzed according to the AAP/EFP and the CDC/AAP case definitions. The accuracy of the AAP/EFP definition was examined by assessing the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) using the CDC/AAP case definition as the reference standard. RESULTS According to the AAP/EFP, the prevalence of periodontitis in adolescents was 75.6%. The majority of the adolescents were classified either as stage I (39.2%) or stage II (28.2%). By using the CDC/AAP classification the prevalence of periodontitis in adolescents was 27.2%. The most common form of periodontitis with the CDC/AAP classification was moderate periodontitis (15.3%) followed by mild periodontitis (11.4%). The AAP/EFP revealed high sensitivity in moderate (95.7%) and severe periodontitis (100%) as well as a moderate (75%) to high specificity (92%) in moderate and severe periodontitis, respectively. The PPV was 41.6% in moderate and 5.7% in severe periodontitis while the NPV was high in both categories (moderate = 99%; severe = 100%). The AUC was 0.912 (95% CI = 0.89 - 0.93). In adults, the prevalence of periodontitis was 99% according to the AAP/EFP. The majority of adults were classified as stage IV (81.3%) whereas stage III amounted to 12.8%. By using the CDC/AAP classification, the prevalence of periodontitis in adults was 88.3% and the most common form of periodontitis was moderate periodontitis (57.2%) followed by severe periodontitis (29.7%). In adults, the AAP/EFP revealed high sensitivity in moderate (99.7%) and severe periodontitis (100%) but low specificity in both categories (moderate = 6.8%; severe = 8.3%). The PPV was 88.7% in moderate and 31.7% in severe periodontitis. The NPV was high in both categories (moderate = 76.5%; severe = 100%). The AUC was 0.573 (95% CI = 0.53 - 0.62). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a clear discrepancy in the prevalence of periodontitis between the AAP/EFP and the CDC/AAP classification when using epidemiological data. The 2017 AAP/EFP classification system performs well compared to the CDC/AAP case definition in identifying adolescents with periodontitis. The AAP/EFP system seems less accurate in adults with high prevalence of periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Morales
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franz J Strauss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph H F Hämmerle
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Romandini
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Costa SA, Ribeiro CCC, de Oliveira KR, Alves CMC, Thomaz EBAF, Casarin RCV, Souza SDFC. Low bone mineral density is associated with severe periodontitis at the end of the second decade of life: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1322-1332. [PMID: 34288024 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and severe periodontitis at the end of the second decade of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based study analysed 2032 youngers (18-19 years old) of the RPS cohort. BMD of lumbar spine (BMD-LS) and of the whole body (BMD-WB) were assessed by dual x-ray emission densitometry. Low BMD-LS (Z-score ≤ -2) and low BMD-WB (Z-score ≤ -1.5) were correlated with severe periodontitis. The extent of periodontal disease was also evaluated as the following outcomes: proportions of teeth affected by clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm and probing depth ≥5 mm. Multivariate models by sex, education, family income, risk of alcohol dependence, smoking, plaque, bleeding index, and body mass index were estimated through logistic regression (binary outcomes) and Poisson regression (continuous outcomes). RESULTS The prevalence of severe periodontitis was 10.97%. Low BMD-LS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.85, p = .01) and low BMD-WB (OR = 1.34, CI = 1.001-1.81, p = .04) were associated with severe periodontitis in the final multivariate models. Low BMD-LS and BMD-WB were also associated with a greater extent of periodontitis (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low BMD was found to be associated with the severity and extent of periodontitis in adolescents. Adolescents at peak bone mass age presenting low BMD are more likely to be affected by severe periodontitis.
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Carvajal P, Vernal R, Reinero D, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section II: Introduction part II. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e023. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carvajal
- Universidad de Chile, Chile; Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Universidad de Chile, Chile; Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association, Brazil; Colgate Palmolive Company, USA
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Latin American Oral Health Association, Brazil; Colgate Palmolive Company, USA
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9
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Fine DH, Armitage GC, Genco RJ, Griffen AL, Diehl SR. Unique etiologic, demographic, and pathologic characteristics of localized aggressive periodontitis support classification as a distinct subcategory of periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:922-931. [PMID: 31668171 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) occurs in 2% of African-American adolescents but only 0.15% of white adolescents. First molars and incisors are affected by rapid onset and progression. METHODS This nonsystematic critical review evaluated published data for LAgP and chronic periodontitis (CP), focusing on potential differences in epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, and response to therapy. RESULTS LAgP differs from CP by localization to incisors and first molars, early onset and rapid progression in adolescents and young adults, and a 10-fold higher prevalence in populations of African or Middle Eastern origin, often with strong familial aggregation. The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and hyperresponsive neutrophils are frequently observed. Antibiotic and nonsurgical therapies are highly effective. CONCLUSIONS LAgP differs in many ways from the far more common CP that affects older adults. The substantial evidence of dissimilarities summarized in this review strongly supports the classification of LAgP as a distinct form of periodontitis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Classifying LAgP as a distinct subcategory of periodontitis will encourage future research and does not conflict with the newly proposed "staging and grading" system. The silent onset and rapid progression of LAgP make early diagnosis and frequent follow-up with patients essential for effective treatment.
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10
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Collins JR, Elías AR, Brache M, Veras K, Ogando G, Toro M, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Rajendra AB. Association between gingival parameters and Oral health-related quality of life in Caribbean adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31675959 PMCID: PMC6825342 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good oral health has been associated with better quality of life and general health. In the Caribbean, there have been no studies regarding the association between oral health conditions and the quality of life of the population. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between gingival parameters and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Caribbean adults. A secondary aim of the study was to gain more information on factors that impact OHRQoL in this population. METHODS This cross-sectional, epidemiological, population-based study was conducted in community settings. After the participants with missing Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) data were excluded, the sample size was 1821 (weighted according to the age and gender distribution in each target population). OHIP-14 standardized questionnaires were used to collect information. In addition, a medical/oral health questionnaire including sociodemographics, general health, dental visits, oral hygiene habits and knowledge, the frequency of dental visits, prosthesis use/hygiene, and smoking was administered. A multivariate model included predictors that showed significant associations in the univariate models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported; statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, current smokers (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.74-3.14 vs. never smokers), those who visited the dentist only when problems arose (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13-2.40 vs. those visiting once a year), and participants with any chronic disease/condition (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.78) had higher odds of being in the highest tertile for OHIP score (poorer health). CONCLUSIONS The present multicenter study identified potential modifiable risk factors for poor OHRQoL among adults in three Caribbean cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Collins
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM-CSD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
| | - A R Elías
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, (UPR SDM), San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - M Brache
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM-CSD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - K Veras
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM-CSD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - G Ogando
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM-CSD), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - M Toro
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, (UPR SDM), San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - S Rivas-Tumanyan
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, (UPR SDM), San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - A B Rajendra
- Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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11
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Michel-Crosato E, Raggio DP, Coloma-Valverde ANDJ, Lopez EF, Alvarez-Velasco PL, Medina MV, Balseca MC, Quezada-Conde MDC, de Almeida Carrer FC, Romito GA, Araujo ME, Biazevic MGH, Braga MM, Fratucci MVB, Mendes FM, Frias AC, Pannuti CM. Oral health of 12-year-old children in Quito, Ecuador: a population-based epidemiological survey. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31412847 PMCID: PMC6694588 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of population-based surveys on oral health conditions in Ecuador. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of children aged 12 years from public schools of Quito, Ecuador. The aim of this initial report was to describe the methodology used in the survey, as well to present results regarding calibration procedures and prevalence of oral-health related outcomes. METHODS We invited 33 public schools' coordinators from the urban area of Quito, and 1100 children (12 years old) to take part in this study. Six trained and calibrated examiners conducted clinical examinations using oral mirrors and ball-ended probes to assess: dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion, gingival bleeding, presence of calculus and fluorosis. Children also responded a questionnaire on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Individual sociodemographic data was collected through a questionnaire sent to parents. Moreover, some contextual data on school environment (infrastructure conditions, promotion of health practices and negative episodes) were also evaluated. Prevalence values, crude and weighted by sampling weights, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS Nine hundred and ninety-eight children from 31 schools were examined from March to May 2017. The adjusted prevalence values (95%CI) for the six outcomes evaluated were: dental caries = 60.3% (55.3 to 65.0%); traumatic dental injuries = 20.7% (17.2 to 24.8%); dental fluorosis = 63.7% (58.5 to 68.5%); gingival bleeding = 92.0% (87.1 to 95.2%); presence of calculus = 69.9 (60.5 to 77.9%); and malocclusion = 25.8% (21.8 to 30.3%). Adjusted mean of number of decayed, missed or filled permanent teeth (DMF-T) was 1.61 (1.37 to 1.84). Results on OHRQoL and other contextual variables will be reported in other articles. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the majority of oral health problems in 12-year-old children from public schools in Quito-Ecuador was compatible with those observed in other similar cities. However, periodontal health and fluorosis seem to be highly prevalent in children from Quito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alba Narcisa de Jesus Coloma-Valverde
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Edisson Fernando Lopez
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Lourdes Alvarez-Velasco
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Vinicio Medina
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mariela Cumanda Balseca
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Del Carmen Quezada-Conde
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernanda Campos de Almeida Carrer
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Alexandre Romito
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Ercilia Araujo
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maristela Vilas Boas Fratucci
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Frias
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudio Mendes Pannuti
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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12
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Heikkinen AM, Räisänen IT, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T. Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for subclinical periodontitis; active matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a potential indicator in initial periodontitis in adolescents. J Periodontol 2018; 90:484-492. [PMID: 30397915 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how different patient-related risk indicators might be associated with the odds of developing subclinical periodontitis in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 252 Finnish individuals aged 15 to 16 years, of whom 141 were boys and 111 girls. A specially trained dentist performed clinical examinations: measurements included periodontal indexes (bleeding on probing, visible plaque index, root calculus, and probing depth, smoking by pack-years, periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola) and the potential salivary periodontal biomarkers (active matrix metalloproteinase-8 [aMMP-8], polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase [PMN elastase], and total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M). Results were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS The main finding of this study was that subclinical periodontitis in adolescents was statistically significantly associated with elevated salivary aMMP-8 but not with PMN elastase. Also, adolescents with subclinical periodontitis had statistically significantly higher levels of bleeding on probing, root calculus, and dental plaque than adolescents without subclinical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the main risk factor for subclinical periodontitis in adolescents is the partly calcified, dysbiotic bacterial biofilm, which interacts with the immune defenses of the host; this leads to gingival inflammation and eventually to deepening periodontal pockets. This proinflammatory subclinical periodontitis stage, which represents stage I periodontitis in the new classification, is reflected as elevated salivary aMMP-8 levels in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki Clinicum, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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13
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Lee JH, Lee JS, Choi JK, Kweon HI, Kim YT, Choi SH. National dental policies and socio-demographic factors affecting changes in the incidence of periodontal treatments in Korean: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study from 2002-2013. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:118. [PMID: 27814698 PMCID: PMC5097391 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental insurance coverage has recently expanded in Korea. The number of patients diagnosed with periodontal disease (PD), and the actual number of periodontally compromised patients has increased. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between the prevalence of periodontal disease and the incidence of PD treatment, dental insurance policies, and socio-demographic factors. To determine the incidence of periodontal treatments required, the comprehensive longitudinal data of the National Health Insurance Service were used. This study evaluated changes in the incidence of periodontal treatments, using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Cohort Database. METHODS A random stratified sample of 1,025,340 Korean patients was selected from National Health Insurance database, using 1,476 multistage samplings (of sex, age, and income level) for 12 years from 2002 to 2013. Chi-square analysis, and univariate, and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors with the prevalence of PD and the incidence of periodontal treatment. RESULTS The incidence of periodontal treatment steadily and significantly increased, in both male and female participants, from 2002 to 2013. The increase was associated with socio-demographic factors and changes in national dental insurance policies. The incidence of periodontal treatment evaluated by age is influenced by the changes in national dental policies. These results suggest that the increase in patients diagnosed with PD reflects changes in dental policies and insurance benefits. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that national dental policies and socio-demographic factors are related to the incidence of periodontal treatments. The incidence of periodontal treatment is significantly related to the expansion of insurance coverage in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, 35233, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Health Insurance Research, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, 10444, South Korea
| | - Hye-In Kweon
- Department of Periodontology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, 100 Ilsan-ro Ilsan-donggu, Goyang, 10444, South Korea
| | - Young-Taek Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, 100 Ilsan-ro Ilsan-donggu, Goyang, 10444, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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14
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Enfermedades periodontales como un problema de salud pública: el desafío del nivel primario de atención en salud. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.piro.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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