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Piwat S, Basic A, Pahumunto N, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Periodontal diseases in Thai schoolchildren. Clinical and microbiological observations. Odontology 2024; 112:232-241. [PMID: 37154987 PMCID: PMC10776494 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai schoolchildren, along with the presence and numbers of bacterial species commonly associated with periodontitis were investigated. A consent form was sent out to 192 schoolchildren in one school (Chanachanupathom School) in Chana, Southern Thailand (in the age range of 12-18 years) and 119 attended for a clinical and microbiological examination. Clinical recordings included number of teeth present, DMFT, plaque index, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Pooled plaque samples were analyzed with culture and qPCR against bacteria associated with periodontitis. The children had low caries experience (DMFT = 3.2 ± 2.3), poor oral hygiene, high bleeding scores, and 67 (56.3%) had at least one interproximal site with CAL ≥ 1 mm. Thirty-seven (31.1%) of the children were diagnosed with periodontitis stage I, and sixteen (13.4%) were classified as periodontitis Stage II. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was sparsely found in all but the healthy clinical groups (gingivitis, periodontitis Stage I and II), while the groups showed a high prevalence of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Campylobacter species as well as of the periodontitis-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Thai schoolchildren have poor oral hygiene with abundant amounts of plaque and high presence of bleeding. Early onset periodontitis is common but mostly in its mild form and is not associated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supacharin Piwat
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Prevalence of the JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the world population: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2317-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jensen AB, Isidor F, Lund M, Væth M, Johansson A, Lauritsen NN, Haubek D. Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Findings among 14 to 15-Year Old Danish Adolescents: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121054. [PMID: 33339288 PMCID: PMC7765784 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis in adolescents. The knowledge on the prevalence of Aa and periodontitis among adolescents in Northern Europe is sparse. A total of 525 14- to 15-year-old adolescents from the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, underwent a full-mouth clinical examination. Plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples (SPS) and stimulated saliva samples (SSS) were collected and analyzed for the presence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of Aa using real-time PCR. A total of 70 (13.3%) individuals were positive for Aa, with 17 found in SPS, 19 in SSS, and 35 in both. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of Aa was not detected. The individuals positive for Aa in both SPS and SSS had poorer periodontal outcomes (PPD and CAL) than individuals without Aa and individuals carrying Aa in either SPS or SSS only. In conclusion, 13% of 14- to 15-year-old Danish adolescents were positive for Aa, and the presence of Aa in both SPS and SSS was associated with poorer periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- The Municipality of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Flemming Isidor
- Section for Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anders Johansson
- Divison of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden;
| | | | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-685-848
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Velsko IM, Harrison P, Chalmers N, Barb J, Huang H, Aukhil I, Shaddox L. Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis subgingival microbial profile before and after treatment. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1814674. [PMID: 33062199 PMCID: PMC7534306 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1814674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the influence of periodontal therapy on the microbiological profile of individuals with Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis (C/MIP). Methods: Fifty-three African-American participants between the ages of 5–25, diagnosed with C/MIP were included. Patients underwent full mouth mechanical debridement with systemic antibiotics (metronidazole 250 mg + amoxicillin 500 mg, tid, 7 days). Subgingival samples were collected from a diseased and a healthy site from each individual prior to treatment and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after therapy from the same sites. Samples were subjected to a 16S rRNA gene based-microarray. Results: Treatment was effective in reducing the main clinical parameters of disease. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) was the strongest species associated with diseased sites. Other species associated with diseased sites were Treponema lecithinolyticum and Tannerella forsythia. Species associated with healthy sites were Rothia dentocariosa/mucilaginosa, Eubacterium yurii, Parvimonas micra, Veillonella spp., Selenomonas spp., and Streptococcus spp. Overall, treatment was effective in strongly reducing A.a. and other key pathogens, as well as increasing health-associated species. These changes were maintained for at least 6 months. Conclusions:Treatment reduced putative disease-associated species, particularly A.a., and shifted the microbial profile to more closely resemble a healthy-site profile. (Clinicaltrials.gov registration #NCT01330719).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M Velsko
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jennifer Barb
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luciana Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA
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Ennibi OK, Claesson R, Akkaoui S, Reddahi S, Kwamin F, Haubek D, Johansson A. High salivary levels of JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with clinical attachment loss in Moroccan adolescents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:44-51. [PMID: 30847232 PMCID: PMC6392844 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque is significantly associated with increased risk for clinical attachment loss. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of this bacterium is frequently detected in adolescents with aggressive forms of periodontitis. The aims of the study were to quantify the levels of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in saliva of Moroccan adolescents with the JP2 genotype earlier detected in the subgingival plaque. The salivary concentrations of inflammatory proteins were quantified and linked to the clinical parameters and microbial findings. Finally, a mouth rinse with leukotoxin-neutralizing effect was administrated and its effect on the levels the biomarkers and A. actinomycetemcomitans examined. The study population consisted of 22 adolescents that previously were found to be positive for the JP2 genotype in subgingival plaque. Periodontal registration and sampling of stimulated saliva was performed at baseline. A mouth rinse (active/placebo) was administrated, and saliva sampling repeated after 2 and 4 weeks rinse. The salivary levels of JP2 and non-JP2 were analyzed by quantitative PCR and inflammatory proteins by ELISA. Both the JP2 and the non-JP2 genotype were detected in all individuals with significantly higher levels of the non-JP2. Enhanced levels of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly correlated to the presence of attachment loss (≥3 mm). Salivary concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers did not correlate to periodontal condition or levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The use of active or placebo leukotoxin-neutralizing mouth rinse did not significantly interfered with the levels of these biomarkers. Saliva is an excellent source for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans on individual basis, and high levels of the JP2 genotype were significantly associated with the presence of clinical attachment loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryMohammed V UniversityMorocco
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and BiotechnologySchool of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco
| | | | - Sanae Akkaoui
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and BiotechnologySchool of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco
| | - Sarah Reddahi
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryMohammed V UniversityMorocco
| | | | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral HealthAarhus UniversityDenmark
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of OdontologyUmeå UniversitySweden
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Monasterio G, Castillo F, Ibarra JP, Guevara J, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Fernández B, Agüero A, Betancur D, Vernal R. Alveolar bone resorption and Th1/Th17-associated immune response triggered duringAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced experimental periodontitis are serotype-dependent. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1249-1261. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ibarra
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - José Guevara
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Amaru Agüero
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Betancur
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Dentistry Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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Tsai CC, Ho YP, Chou YS, Ho KY, Wu YM, Lin YC. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans leukotoxin and human periodontitis - A historic review with emphasis on JP2. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:186-193. [PMID: 29655406 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans (Aa) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity and is causative agent for localized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis (AgP). In the middle of 1990s, a specific JP2 clone of belonging to the cluster of serotype b strains of Aa with highly leukotoxicity (leukotoxin, LtxA) able to kill human immune cells was isolated. JP2 clone of Aa was strongly associated with in particularly in rapidly progressing forms of aggressive periodontitis. The JP2 clone of Aa is transmitted through close contacts. Therefore, AgP patients need intense monitoring of their periodontal status as the risk for developing severely progressing periodontitis lesions are relatively high. Furthermore, timely periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery supplemented by the use of antibiotics, is warranted. More importantly, periodontal attachment loss should be prevented by early detection of the JP2 clone of Aa by microbial diagnosis testing and/or preventive means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ping Ho
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shian Chou
- Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yen Ho
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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