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Pokhrel Bhattarai S, Dzikowicz DJ, Carey MG. Association Between Serum Albumin and the Length of Hospital Stay Among Patients With Acute Heart Failure. Biol Res Nurs 2024:10998004241262530. [PMID: 38869162 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241262530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Albumin plays a vital role in improving osmotic pressure and hemodynamics. A lower serum albumin level may cause pulmonary congestion and edema and contribute to myocardial dysfunction, diuresis resistance, and fluid retention in acute heart failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that AHF patients with normal serum albumin have shorter hospital stays. Methods: Using Electronic Medical Records, patients admitted from May 2020 through May 2021 aged >18, ICD-10, and positive Framingham Heart Failure Diagnostic Criteria were included. We excluded patients without albumin records and eGFRs less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prolonged hospitalization was defined as >8 days of hospitalization. Results: During index emergency department visits, patients were symptomatic (New York Heart Association), aged median of 70 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 18), 59% (n = 103) were male, predominantly White (73%, n = 128), and had a high Charleston Comorbidity index score [5, IQR (4-7)]. Nearly one-fourth (23%, n = 41) of the patients had <3.5 g/dL albumin levels. The median length of hospital stay was eight days (IQR of 11). Comparing differences between lengths of hospital stays (<8 vs. >8 days), there was different serum albumin (3.9 + 0.48 vs. 3.6 + 0.53, p < .001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (45% (range 26-63) versus 30% (range 24-48), p = .004). An increased serum albumin decreased prolonged hospitalization (odds ratio (OR), 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.55, p = <0.001). Patients in the lower albumin group had higher NT-proBNP (median: 8521 (range 2025-9134) versus 5147 (range 2966-14,795) pg/ml, p = .007) and delay in administering intravenous diuretics (391 (167-964) minutes versus 271 (range 157-533) minutes, p = .02). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is strongly associated with prolonged hospitalization. Timely and effective diuretic therapy may reduce hospital stay durations, particularly with albumin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dillon J Dzikowicz
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mary G Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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2
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Terrill JR, Bautista APR, Tsioutsias I, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Oxidised Albumin Levels in Plasma and Skeletal Muscle as Biomarkers of Disease Progression and Treatment Efficacy in Dystrophic mdx Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:720. [PMID: 38929159 PMCID: PMC11201235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox modifications to the plasma protein albumin have the potential to be used as biomarkers of disease progression and treatment efficacy in pathologies associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. One such pathology is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal childhood disease characterised by severe muscle wasting. We have previously shown in the mdx mouse model of DMD that plasma albumin thiol oxidation is increased; therefore, the first aim of this paper was to establish that albumin thiol oxidation in plasma reflects levels within mdx muscle tissue. We therefore developed a method to measure tissue albumin thiol oxidation. We show that albumin thiol oxidation was increased in both mdx muscle and plasma, with levels correlated with measures of dystropathology. In dystrophic muscle, albumin content was associated with areas of myonecrosis. The second aim was to test the ability of plasma thiol oxidation to track acute changes in dystropathology: we therefore subjected mdx mice to a single treadmill exercise session (known to increase myonecrosis) and took serial blood samples. This acute exercise caused a transient increase in total plasma albumin oxidation and measures of dystropathology. Together, these data support the use of plasma albumin thiol oxidation as a biomarker to track active myonecrosis in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.T.); (A.P.R.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Angelo Patrick R. Bautista
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.T.); (A.P.R.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Irene Tsioutsias
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.T.); (A.P.R.B.); (I.T.)
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.T.); (A.P.R.B.); (I.T.)
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3
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Erstad BL. Why Do the Mechanistic Actions of Albumin Not Translate Into Tangible Clinical Benefits? Ann Pharmacother 2022; 57:746-750. [PMID: 36189638 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221126629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin has only reduced crude mortality in one randomized controlled trial conducted to date. This raises the question as to why potentially beneficial oncotic and pleiotropic properties of albumin do not consistently translate into clinically important outcomes. Four postulated explanations are provided as to why the theoretical advantages of albumin are not apparent in clinical trials: diminished oncotic action due to leakage of albumin from the intravascular compartment, modification of the pleiotropic properties of albumin both in vitro and in vivo, the ability of other plasma proteins to take over the major functions of albumin, and possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Erstad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Smaha J, Kužma M, Jackuliak P, Nachtmann S, Max F, Tibenská E, Binkley N, Payer J. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Significantly Decreases in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia during the First 48 Hours after Hospital Admission. Nutrients 2022; 14:2362. [PMID: 35745092 PMCID: PMC9228147 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how ongoing inflammation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration. The objective of our study was to examine serum 25(OH)D levels during COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were admitted between 1 November and 31 December 2021. Blood samples were taken on admission (day 0) and every 24 h for the subsequent four days (day 1−4). On admission, 59% of patients were 25(OH)D sufficient (>30 ng/mL), and 41% had 25(OH)D inadequacy (<30 ng/mL). A significant fall in mean 25(OH)D concentration from admission to day 2 (first 48 h) was observed (30.7 ng/mL vs. 26.4 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). No subsequent significant change in 25(OH)D concentration was observed between day 2 and 3 (26.4 ng/mL vs. 25.9 ng/mL; p = 0.230) and day 3 and day 4 (25.8 ng/mL vs. 25.9 ng/mL; p = 0.703). The absolute 25(OH)D change between hospital admission and day 4 was 16% (4.8 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). On day 4, the number of patients with 25(OH)D inadequacy increased by 18% (p = 0.018). Therefore, serum 25(OH)D concentration after hospital admission in acutely ill COVID-19 patients should be interpreted with caution. Whether low 25(OH)D in COVID-19 reflects tissue level vitamin D deficiency or represents only a laboratory phenomenon remains to be elucidated in further prospective trials of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Smaha
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Martin Kužma
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Peter Jackuliak
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Samuel Nachtmann
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Filip Max
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Faculty of Pharmacy, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Elena Tibenská
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
- Medirex, a.s., Galvaniho 17/C, 820 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Neil Binkley
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Faculty, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA;
| | - Juraj Payer
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.J.); (S.N.); (E.T.); (J.P.)
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Bretschera C, Boesiger F, Kaegi-Braun N, Hersberger L, Lobo DN, Evans DC, Tribolet P, Gomes F, Hoess C, Pavlicek V, Bilz S, Sigrist S, Brändle M, Henzen C, Thomann R, Rutishauser J, Aujesky D, Rodondi N, Donzé J, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Admission serum albumin concentrations and response to nutritional therapy in hospitalised patients at malnutrition risk: Secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 45:101301. [PMID: 35198927 PMCID: PMC8844847 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, admission serum albumin concentrations have been considered useful biochemical markers for nutrition assessment. However, there is a lack of randomised trial data investigating whether low albumin concentrations are helpful for identifying patients benefitting from nutritional support. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the EFFORT trial, a Swiss-wide multicentre, randomised controlled trial comparing individualised nutritional support with usual care nutrition in medical inpatients from April 1, 2014, to February 1, 2018. 1389 of 2028 patients at nutritional risk with available albumin concentrations on admission were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30 and 180 days. Patients were stratified into groups of low or normal albumin based on the albumin cut-off of 30 g/L. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02517476. FINDINGS 1389 patients (mean age, 73.1 (SD 3.5) years; 747 (53.8%) men) were included and 676 (48.7%) had low serum albumin concentrations at admission (<30 g/L). Mortality at 180 days was significantly increased in the low albumin group compared with patients with normal albumin concentrations (219/676 (32.4%) vs. 162/713 (22.7%), fully adjusted HR 1.4, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.77, p = 0.005]. Effects of nutritional support on 30-day mortality were similar for patients with low compared to patients with normal albumin concentrations (HR 0.68, 95%CI 0.44 to 1.05 vs. HR 0.70, 95%CI 0.41 to 1.20), with no evidence for a subgroup effect (p for interaction=0.97). INTERPRETATION Based on this secondary analysis of a randomised trial, low admission serum albumin concentrations in hospitalised, non-critically ill, medical patients at nutritional risk had prognostic implications and indicated higher mortality risk but were not helpful in selecting patients for nutritional interventions. FUNDING The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (PP00P3_150531) and the Research Council of the Kantonsspital Aarau (1410.000.058 and 1410.000.044) provided funding for the EFFORT trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bretschera
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Boesiger
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Nina Kaegi-Braun
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Lara Hersberger
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Dileep N. Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David C. Evans
- Trauma / Critical Care Surgery, Ohio Health Grant Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pascal Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filomena Gomes
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
- The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claus Hoess
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Vojtech Pavlicek
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bilz
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sigrist
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brändle
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Thomann
- Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Rutishauser
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland Standort Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Donzé
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland.
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Bicciré FG, Pastori D, Tanzilli A, Pignatelli P, Viceconte N, Barillà F, Versaci F, Gaudio C, Violi F, Tanzilli G. Low serum albumin levels and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2904-2911. [PMID: 34344545 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low serum albumin (SA) is associated with an increased risk of long-term adverse events (AEs) among patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Its prognostic role in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is less clear. To investigate the association between low SA and in-hospital AEs in STEMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Multicenter retrospective cohort study of 220 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 12 h from the onset of symptoms. Hypoalbuminemia was defined by serum SA <35 g/L. SA. In-hospital AEs were defined as cardiogenic shock, resuscitated cardiac arrest and death. Median SA was 38 (IQR 35.4-41.0) g/L and 37 (16.8%) patients showed hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L) on admission. Patients with hypoalbuminemia were older, more frequently women and diabetics, prior CAD and HF. Furthermore, they showed lower hemoglobin levels and impaired renal function. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes (odds ratio [OR]:4.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71-12.28, p = 0.002) and haemoglobin (OR:0.52, 95%CI 0.37-0.72, p < 0.001) were associated with low SA. In a subgroup of 132 patients, SA inversely correlated with D-Dimer (rS -0.308, p < 0.001). Globally, twenty-eight (14.6%) AEs were recorded. Hypoalbuminemia (OR:3.43, 95%CI 1.30-9.07, p = 0.013), high-sensitive (HS)-Troponin peak above median (OR:5.41, 95%CI 1.99-14.7, p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) peak above median (OR:6.03, 95%CI 2.02-18.00, p = 0.001), and in-hospital infection (OR:3.61, 95%CI 1.21-10.80, p = 0.022) were associated with AEs. CONCLUSION Low SA levels are associated with worse in-hospital AEs in STEMI patients, irrespective of HS-troponin and CRP plasma levels. Our findings suggest that low SA may contribute to the pro-thrombotic phenotype of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Giuseppe Bicciré
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy; Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Viceconte
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Gaudio
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy; Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
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Viana-Llamas MC, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Silva-Obregón JA, Uribe-Heredia G, Núñez-Gil I, García-Magallón B, Torán-Martínez CG, Castillo-Sandoval A, Díaz-Caraballo E, Rodríguez-Guinea I, Domínguez-López J. Hypoalbuminemia on admission in COVID-19 infection: An early predictor of mortality and adverse events. A retrospective observational study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 156:428-436. [PMID: 33969222 PMCID: PMC8088081 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hypoalbuminemia is a negative acute phase reactant which has been associated with inflammatory response and poor outcome in infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of hypoalbuminemia on admission as a predictor of mortality and adverse events in COVID-19 patients. Methods We analyzed retrospective data from a cohort of 609 consecutive patients, with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, discharged from hospital (deceased or alive). Demographic characteristics, previous comorbidities, symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were collected. Comorbidities were assessed by Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Results Hypoalbuminemia on admission (<34 g/L) was more frequent in nonsurvivors than survivors (65.6% vs. 38%, p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with the development of sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, acute heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, regardless of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.537, 95% CI 1.050–2.250, p = 0.027), independently of Charlson-Age Index, gender, lymphocyte count <800/μL, creatinine, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein >8 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250 U/L, bilateral infiltration on chest X-ray and q-SOFA ≥2. Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia was an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, regardless of age, comorbidity and inflammatory markers. It also had significant association with severe adverse events, independently of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Our results suggest that serum albumin determination on admission may help to identify patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at high risk of developing potential life-threatening conditions and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iván Núñez-Gil
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Viana-Llamas MC, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Silva-Obregón JA, Uribe-Heredia G, Núñez-Gil I, García-Magallón B, Torán-Martínez CG, Castillo-Sandoval A, Díaz-Caraballo E, Rodríguez-Guinea I, Domínguez-López J. Hypoalbuminemia on admission in COVID-19 infection: An early predictor of mortality and adverse events. A retrospective observational study. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 156:428-436. [PMID: 33627230 PMCID: PMC7843155 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hypoalbuminemia is a negative acute phase reactant which has been associated with inflammatory response and poor outcome in infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of hypoalbuminemia on admission as a predictor of mortality and adverse events in COVID-19 patients. Methods We analyzed retrospective data from a cohort of 609 consecutive patients, with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, discharged from hospital (deceased or alive). Demographic characteristics, previous comorbidities, symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were collected. Comorbidities were assessed by Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Results Hypoalbuminemia on admission (<34 g/L) was more frequent in nonsurvivors than survivors (65.6% vs. 38%, p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with the development of sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, acute heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, regardless of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.537, 95% CI 1.050–2.250, p = 0.027), independently of Charlson-Age Index, gender, lymphocyte count <800/μL, creatinine, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein >8 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250 U/L, bilateral infiltration on chest X-ray and q-SOFA ≥2. Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia was an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, regardless of age, comorbidity and inflammatory markers. It also had significant association with severe adverse events, independently of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Our results suggest that serum albumin determination on admission may help to identify patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at high risk of developing potential life-threatening conditions and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iván Núñez-Gil
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Wiedermann CJ. Phases of fluid management and the roles of human albumin solution in perioperative and critically ill patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:1961-1973. [PMID: 33090028 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1840970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive fluid balance is common among critically ill patients and leads to worse outcomes, particularly in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute kidney injury. Restrictive fluid infusion and active removal of accumulated fluid are being studied as approaches to prevent and treat fluid overload. Use of human albumin solutions has been investigated in different phases of restrictive fluid resuscitation, and this narrative literature review was undertaken to evaluate hypoalbuminemia and the roles of human serum albumin with respect to hypovolemia and its management. METHODS PubMed/EMBASE search terms were: "resuscitation," "fluids," "fluid therapy," "fluid balance," "plasma volume," "colloids," "crystalloids," "albumin," "hypoalbuminemia," "starch," "saline," "balanced salt solution," "gelatin," "goal-directed therapy" (English-language, pre-January 2020). Additional papers were identified by manual searching of reference lists. RESULTS Restrictive fluid administration, plus early vasopressor use, may reduce fluid balance, but in some cases fluid overload cannot be entirely avoided. Deresuscitation, with fluid actively removed through diuretics or ultrafiltration, reduces duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Combining hyperoncotic human albumin solution with diuretics increases hemodynamic stability and diuresis. Hyperoncotic albumin corrects hypoalbuminemia and raises colloid osmotic pressure, limiting edema formation and potentially improving endothelial function. Serum levels of albumin relative to C-reactive protein and lactate may predict which patients will benefit most from albumin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Hyperoncotic human albumin solution facilitates restrictive fluid therapy and the effectiveness of deresuscitative measures. Current evidence is mostly from observational studies, and more randomized trials are needed to better establish a personalized approach to fluid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Wiedermann
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and HTA, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall (Tyrol), Austria
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