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Liu L, Su X, Zhao Z, Han J, Li J, Xu W, He Z, Gao Y, Chen K, Zhao L, Gao Y, Wang H, Guo J, Lin J, Li T, Fang X. Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:813280. [PMID: 35198606 PMCID: PMC8859338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.813280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly in the elderly. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases cardiovascular risk in the general population; however, less is known about its influence in patients with OSA. We aimed to assess whether MetS affected the risk of MACE and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with OSA. Methods From January 2015 to October 2017, 1,157 patients with OSA, aged ≥60 years, no myocardial infarction (MI), and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure were enrolled at baseline and were followed up prospectively. OSA is defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥5 events per hour, as recorded by polysomnography. Patients were classified on the basis of the presence of MetS, according to the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Incidence rates were expressed as cumulative incidence. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the risk of all events. The primary outcomes were MACE, which included cardiovascular death, MI, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, components of MACE, and a composite of all events. Results MetS was present in 703 out of 1,157 (60.8%) elderly patients with OSA. During the median follow-up of 42 months, 119 (10.3%) patients experienced MACE. MetS conferred a cumulative incidence of MACE in elderly patients with OSA (log-rank, P < 0.001). In addition, there was a trend for MACE incidence risk to gradually increase in individuals with ≥3 MetS components (P = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that MetS was associated with an incidence risk for MACE [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–2.96; P = 0.009], a composite of all events (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03–2.32; P = 0.036), and hospitalization for unstable angina (aHR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.04–3.90; P = 0.039). No significant differences in the risk of all-cause mortality and other components of MACE between patients with and without MetS (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that males (aHR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.28–3.91, P = 0.05), individuals aged <70 years (aHR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.27–4.39, P = 0.006), overweight and obese individuals (aHR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.34–4.01, P = 0.003), and those with moderate-severe OSA (aHR, 1.81;95% CI: 1.05–3.12, P = 0.032) and concomitant MetS were at a higher risk for MACE. Conclusion MetS is common in elderly patients with OSA in the absence of MI, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Further, it confers an independent, increased risk of MACE, a composite of all events, and hospitalization for unstable angina. Overweight and obese males, aged <70 years with moderate-severe OSA combined with MetS presented a significantly higher MACE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Han
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun He
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yinghui Gao
- PKU-UPenn Sleep Center, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaibing Chen
- Sleep Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of General Practice, 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | | | - JingJing Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangqun Fang
| | - Tianzhi Li
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Tianzhi Li
| | - Xiangqun Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Junling Lin
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Zhang F, Liu L, Zhang C, Ji S, Mei Z, Li T. Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components With Risk of Stroke Recurrence and Mortality: A Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 97:e695-e705. [PMID: 34321360 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and the relationship between metabolic syndrome (including its components) and the prognosis of stroke is controversial, this study was conducted to evaluate whether metabolic syndrome is associated with a high recurrence and mortality of stroke. METHODS This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020177118). We searched for relevant observational cohort studies published from inception to April 23, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. The primary and secondary outcomes were stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method were used to identify the stability of the results. RESULTS Thirteen cohort studies comprising 59,919 participants >60 years of age were included for analysis. Overall, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with stroke recurrence (relative risk [RR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-1.97, p = 0.02). Among the metabolic syndrome components, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57, p = 0.002) and ≥2 metabolic syndrome components (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.44-1.94, p < 0.001) significantly predicted stroke recurrence, whereas elevated triglycerides, elevated waist circumference, hyperglycemia, and hypertension failed to account for risk factors for stroke recurrence. Moreover, metabolic syndrome, not its components, was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18-1.36, p < 0.001). The stability of these results was further confirmed by the leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that metabolic syndrome and some of its components (low HDL-C and number of metabolic syndrome components) seem to be risk factors for stroke recurrence. Although metabolic syndrome is also associated with all-cause mortality, the role of its components in predicting all-cause mortality deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhang
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Liu
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiliang Ji
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zubing Mei
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tian Li
- From the Second Department of Neurology (F.F.), Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (L.L.), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (C.Z.), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Pharmacy (S.J.), The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou; Department of Anorectal Surgery (Z.M.), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital (Z.M.), Shanghai, China, and School of Basic Medicine (T.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lee EY, Han K, Kim DH, Park YM, Kwon HS, Yoon KH, Kim MK, Lee SH. Exposure-weighted scoring for metabolic syndrome and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a nationwide population-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:153. [PMID: 32993664 PMCID: PMC7525999 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) status changes over time, but few studies have investigated the relationship between the extent or duration of exposure to MetS and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the cumulative effects of MetS and its components on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. METHODS From the Korean National Health Insurance database, 2,644,851 people who received annual health examinations from 2010 to 2013 were recruited. Exposure-weighted scores for MetS during this 4-year period were calculated in two ways: cumulative number of MetS diagnoses (MetS exposure score, range: 0-4) and the composite of its five components (MetS component exposure score, range: 0-20). The multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model was used to assess CVD risk according to the exposure-weighted scores for MetS. RESULTS MetS was identified at least once in 37.6% and persistent MetS in 8.2% of subjects. During the follow-up (median, 4.4 years), 10,522 cases of MI (0.4%) and 10,524 cases of stoke (0.4%) occurred. The risk of MI and stroke increased gradually with increasing exposure scores of MetS and its components (each P for trend < 0.0001). The hazard ratio [(HR) (95% CI)] of MI and stroke were 5.27 (4.20-6.62) and 3.90 (3.09-4.93), respectively, in those with a score of 20 compared with those with a MetS component exposure score of 0. People fulfilling only two MetS components out of 20 already had 22% increased risk of MI, and those with three MetS components had 24% increased risk of stroke. These associations were consistent in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS A dose-response relationship between the cumulative exposure to metabolic disturbances and incident MI or stroke was evident. Even minimal exposure to MetS components was sufficient to increase the risk of CVD significantly, highlighting the importance of intensive risk management for the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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Kaneko K, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Uemura M, Chiang C, Hirakawa Y, Ota A, Tamakoshi K, Aoyama A. Risk and population attributable fraction of metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Japanese individuals: Aichi Worker's Cohort Study. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1163-1169. [PMID: 32022993 PMCID: PMC7477517 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The Japanese government started a nationwide screening program for metabolic syndrome (MetS) to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in 2008. Although impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a strong predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the program does not follow up IFG in non-MetS individuals. This study aimed to examine the risk and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of MetS and IFG for incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Japanese workers (3,417 men and 714 women) aged 40-64 years without a history of diabetes were prospectively followed. MetS was defined as either abdominal obesity plus two or more metabolic risk factors, or being overweight in the case of normal waist circumference plus three or more metabolic risk factors. IFG was defined as fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL. RESULTS During a mean 6.3 years, 240 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases were identified. Compared with those without MetS and IFG, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of non-MetS individuals with IFG, MetS individuals without IFG and MetS individuals with IFG for type 2 diabetes mellitus were 4.9 (3.4-7.1), 2.4 (1.6-3.5) and 8.3 (5.9-11.5), respectively. The corresponding PAFs for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence were 15.6, 9.1 and 29.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IFG represented a higher risk and PAF than MetS for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in middle-aged Japanese individuals. The coexistence of MetS and IFG showed the highest risk and PAF for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence. The current Japanese MetS screening program should be reconsidered to follow up non-MetS individuals with IFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kaneko
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Yuanying Li
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Chifa Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public HealthFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Koji Tamakoshi
- Department of NursingNagoya University School of Health SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
- Nagoya University of Arts and SciencesNissinJapan
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Chen Z, Chen G, Qin H, Cai Z, Huang J, Chen H, Wu W, Chen Z, Wu S, Chen Y. Higher triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio increases cardiovascular risk: 10-year prospective study in a cohort of Chinese adults. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:475-481. [PMID: 31325411 PMCID: PMC7078082 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION A higher ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) is considered as the independent risk index of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, cohort studies regarding this correlation are rarely reported, especially in the Chinese population. The aim of present study was to explore the relationship of the TG/HDL-C ratio with CV risks among Chinese adults during 10-year follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a prospective study using data obtained from 96,542 individuals in Kailuan, who were grouped through the median value (0.8533) of the TG/HDL-C ratio. Adverse outcomes mainly referred to major CV events. We used the person-years incidence and cumulative incidence to predict the morbidity. The risk of CV events was estimated through Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 51.5 ± 12.6 years, and 79.6% of participants were men. During a median follow-up period of 9.75 years, 5,422 major CV events occurred, including 1,312 myocardial infarction cases and 4,228 stroke cases. The cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke and total CV events was 1.36% (range 1.29-1.43%), 4.38% (range 4.25-4.51%) and 5.62% (range 5.47-5.76%), respectively. Compared with low the TG/HDL-C ratio (≤0.8533) group, the high TG/HDL-C ratio (>0.8533) group had higher morbidity of CV events. The hazard ratio of total CV events, stroke and myocardial infarction was 1.19 (95% CI 1.12-1.26), 1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.18) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.33-1.70), respectively. Furthermore, the TG/HDL-C ratio and major CV events had a line-shaped relationship with each other. CONCLUSIONS Among the Chinese population, a higher TG/HDL-C ratio is correlated with an increased risk of major CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Chen
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | | | - Hailun Qin
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Zefeng Cai
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Jianhuan Huang
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Haojia Chen
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Weiqiang Wu
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of CardiologyKailuan HospitalNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Youren Chen
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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Motuma A, Gobena T, Teji Roba K, Berhane Y, Worku A. Metabolic Syndrome Among Working Adults in Eastern Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4941-4951. [PMID: 33363392 PMCID: PMC7753886 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s283270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a public health challenge in low-income countries due to changing lifestyle and the food environment. However, studies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors among working adults in eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,164 working adults from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected following the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach. The data collection tools include a structured questionnaire, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements. Prevalence was calculated using International Diabetes Federation criteria. A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the independent variable's association with MetS. An adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported to show associations. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 20.1% (95% CI=17.8-22.4) among the participants. It was more prevalent among females (APR:=1.62, 95% CI=1.31-2.00), those of 35-44 years of age (APR:=3.14, 95% CI=1.19-8.28), 45-54 years of age (APR=4.42, 95% CI=1.66-11.77), and 55-64 years of age (APR=6.03, 95% CI=2.27-16.06), khat chewers (APR=1.30, 95% CI=1.06-1.60), those with 8 or more hours of sedentary behavior (APR=2.29, 95% CI=1.88-2.80), and those consuming alcohol 5-6 days per week (APR=1.81, 95% CI=1.20-2.74). The prevalence was significantly lower in those eating five or more fruits and vegetables servings per day (APR=0.04, 95% CI=0.01-0.27). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of MetS was observed among working adults in eastern Ethiopia. Strengthening workplace health promotion programs is necessary to reduce the negative consequences of MetS in workplaces and protect productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Aboma MotumaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, EthiopiaTel +251921454975Fax +251256668081 Email
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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