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Kawamori D. Advances in glucagon research ~ 100th anniversary: invitation to the new 'glucagon-ology'. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:346-347. [PMID: 39101159 PMCID: PMC11291806 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Postgraduate Medical Training Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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Kawamori D, Sasaki S. Newly discovered knowledge pertaining to glucagon and its clinical applications. J Diabetes Investig 2023. [PMID: 37052948 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon has been defined as an 'insulin counteracting hormone', which raises blood glucose levels. Recent progress in basic research has shown that glucagon is closely involved in glucose and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, its secretion is intricately, but precisely, regulated by various mechanisms involving molecules in addition to glucose, thus showing its critical role in systemic nutrient metabolism. An innovative dual-antibody-linked immunosorbent assay for glucagon that improves measurement accuracy has been developed, and substantial clinical findings have been obtained using this new system. This discovery expanded the pathophysiological significance of glucagon and accelerated the development of its clinical applications in diabetes.
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Grants
- 21K08576 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- 21K20902 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- 22K16395 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Postgraduate Medical Training Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Christoffersen BØ, Kristensen CA, Lindgaard R, Kirk RK, Viuff BM, Kvist PH, Pedersen HD, Ludvigsen TP, Skovgaard T, Fels JJ, Martinussen T, Christiansen LB, Cirera S, Olsen LH. Functional and morphological renal changes in a Göttingen Minipig model of obesity-related and diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6017. [PMID: 37045950 PMCID: PMC10097698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy and diabetic nephropathy (DN) are serious complications to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The purpose was to study effects of a fat, fructose and cholesterol-rich (FFC) diet with and without salt in order to induce hypertension on kidney function and morphology in Göttingen Minipigs with and without diabetes. Male Göttingen Minipigs were divided into 4 groups: SD (standard diet, n = 8), FFC (FFC diet, n = 16), FFC-DIA (FFC diet + diabetes, n = 14), FFC-DIA + S (FFC diet with extra salt + diabetes, n = 14). Blood and urine biomarkers, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure (BP) and resistive index (RI) were evaluated after 6-7 months (T1) and 12-13 months (T2). Histology, electron microscopy and gene expression (excluding FFC-DIA + S) were evaluated at T2. All groups fed FFC-diet displayed obesity, increased GFR and RI, glomerulomegaly, mesangial expansion (ME) and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. Diabetes on top of FFC diet led to increased plasma glucose and urea and proteinuria and tended to exacerbate the glomerulomegaly, ME and GBM thickening. Four genes (CDKN1A, NPHS2, ACE, SLC2A1) were significantly deregulated in FFC and/or FFC-DIA compared to SD. No effects on BP were observed. Göttingen Minipigs fed FFC diet displayed some of the renal early changes seen in human obesity. Presence of diabetes on top of FFC diet exacerbated the findings and lead to changes resembling the early phases of human DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Aarup Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- AJ Vaccines A/S, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lindgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- AniCura ApS, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tine Skovgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Unilabs, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Martinussen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Bruun Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Høier Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Kawamori D, Kageyama Y, Tanaka T, Ishizaka Y, Hosoe S, Katakami N, Shimomura I. Characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 14:111-121. [PMID: 36151993 PMCID: PMC9807144 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION In addition to absolute insulin deficiency, dysregulated glucagon in type 1 diabetes is considered pathophysiologically important. Previously, we confirmed the presence of dysregulated glucagon in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and found a significant correlation between plasma glucagon and blood urea nitrogen levels, suggesting an association between glucagon and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated plasma amino acid levels in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes in the context of their functional relationship with glucagon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed plasma free amino acid levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 77 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and statistically analyzed their characteristics and relationships with clinical parameters, including glucagon. RESULTS Participants with type 1 diabetes showed a large decrease in glutamate levels together with a characteristic change in plasma free amino acid profiles. The network structural prediction analyses showed correlations between each amino acid and glucagon in type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Participants with type 1 diabetes showed characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles compared with controls and type 2 diabetes patients. Glucagon showed a closer correlation with amino acids than with parameters of glucose metabolism, suggesting that type 1 diabetes includes dysregulation in amino acids through dysregulated glucagon from remaining pancreatic α-cells, together with that in glucose by insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Medical Education Center, Faculty of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Postgraduate Medical Training Center, Osaka University HospitalOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Research and Business Planning DepartmentAjinomoto Co. IncTokyoJapan,Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine ChemicalsAjinomoto Co. Inc.Kawasaki, KanagawaJapan
| | - Yuko Ishizaka
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and ServicesMitsui Memorial HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shigero Hosoe
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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Himeno N, Matsuda T, Yoneda M. Changes in glucagon secretion induced by food intake in fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report. Diabetol Int 2021; 13:304-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suzuki S, Kokumai T, Tanahashi Y, Azuma H. Protein ingestion can significantly affect glucagon secretion along with blood urea nitrogen alteration in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:293-294. [PMID: 32770864 PMCID: PMC7858104 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Suzuki
- Department of PediatricsAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Takahide Kokumai
- Department of PediatricsAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Yusuke Tanahashi
- Department of PediatricsAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department of PediatricsAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
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Kawamori D. Beginning of a new era in glucagon research: Breakthrough by the new glucagon assay. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1123-1125. [PMID: 32299149 PMCID: PMC7477516 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a new concept of diabetes as a "comprehensive nutrition disorder", caused due to both insulin and glucagon dysregulation. Dysregulated glucagon secretion in α-cells exacerbates multiple metabolic disorders: glycemic control and amino acid metabolism, together with insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Medical Education CenterOsaka University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
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