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Kumar R, Kumar V, Arya R, Anand U, Priyadarshi RN. Association of COVID-19 with hepatic metabolic dysfunction. World J Virol 2022; 11:237-251. [PMID: 36188741 PMCID: PMC9523326 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a global problem with over 438 million cases reported so far. Although it mostly affects the respiratory system, the involvement of extrapulmonary organs, including the liver, is not uncommon. Since the beginning of the pandemic, metabolic com-orbidities, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, have been identified as poor prognostic indicators. Subsequent metabolic and lipidomic studies have identified several metabolic dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19. The metabolic alterations appear to be linked to the course of the disease and inflammatory reaction in the body. The liver is an important organ with high metabolic activity, and a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients have metabolic comorbidities; thus, this factor could play a key role in orchestrating systemic metabolic changes during infection. Evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19 has both short- and long-term metabolic implications. Furthermore, COVID-19 has adverse associations with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Due to the ensuing effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ammonia metabolism, COVID-19 can have significant implications in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. A thorough understanding of COVID-19-associated metabolic dysfunction could lead to the identification of important plasma biomarkers and novel treatment targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of metabolic dysfunction in COVID-19, focusing on the liver and exploring the underlying mechanistic pathogenesis and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Arya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Utpal Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
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Duan L, Wang Y, Dong H, Song C, Zheng J, Li J, Li M, Wang J, Yang J, Xu J. The COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior and Correlates in Diabetic Patients: A Health Belief Model Theory-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China, 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050659. [PMID: 35632415 PMCID: PMC9148061 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The population with diabetes is more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, and have a significantly higher coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality rate. Previous studies have shown low willingness for the COVID-19 vaccination, and there are limited reports on the behavior and relevance of the COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to determine the uptake behavior and associated factors of the COVID-19 vaccine. In our cross-sectional questionnaire-based clinical study, 645 diabetes patients affiliated with two affiliated hospitals of Changzhi Medical College completed the questionnaire between June to October 2021. The health belief model (HBM) was used in examining factors influencing vaccination behavior. After adjusting for covariates with significant differences in social background characteristics, a multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors related to uptake in COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 162 vaccinated and 483 unvaccinated eligible diabetic patients were recruited. Patients who believed that the COVID-19 syndrome is severe (aOR3.67, 95%CI 1.88−7.17; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection (aOR3.48, 95%CI 1.80−6.73; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination is beneficial to themselves and others (aOR 4.53, 95%CI 1.71−11.99; p = 0.002), think that relatives’ vaccination status has a positive impact on their vaccination behavior (aOR 5.68, 95%CI 2.83−11.39; p < 0.001), and were more likely to be vaccinated; worrying about the adverse health effects of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.18, 95%CI 0.09−0.35; p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Health care workers should provide targeted informative interventions based on the safety and protective effects theory of HBM to improve vaccination behavior in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Duan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
| | - Congying Song
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Jinping Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
| | - Jing Li
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Mufan Li
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-355-315-1579 (J.Y.); +86-755-8392-3333-6646 (J.X.)
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-355-315-1579 (J.Y.); +86-755-8392-3333-6646 (J.X.)
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