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Omar SI, Mohamed NS, Eldabah N, Abdalhakim E. Assessment of serum levels of ischemia modified albumin and interleukin-17 in children with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:648. [PMID: 39331164 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease in childhood. Interleukin 17 (IL17) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that has an important role in the pathogenesis of many skin diseases including AD. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is an indicator of oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia. The aim of the study was to assess the IL-17 and IMA serum levels in the children patients with AD in comparison to a control group. Additionally, the study seeks to examine the correlation between these biomarkers and their association with disease severity, disease stages, and other clinical characteristics. METHODS The case-control study enrolled two groups: (patient group: 50 children with AD) and (control group: 50 healthy age and sex-matched children). Full history was taken from all cases along with full dermatologic examination. The assessment of AD severity was conducted by using Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Evaluation of IL-17 and IMA was performed by using ELISA technique. RESULTS There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean levels of IL-17 and IMA in patients with AD compared to the control group. A strong positive correlation was observed between IL-17 and IMA levels. Additionally, both IL-17 and IMA levels exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation with the duration of the disease and the age of the patients. CONCLUSION The elevated serum levels of IL17 and IMA and their positive correlation confirm that AD is a systemic inflammatory disease influenced and associated with increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Ismail Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Elkhartoum Square, El Messalah 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nagat Sobhy Mohamed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Elkhartoum Square, El Messalah 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Eldabah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdalhakim
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Elkhartoum Square, El Messalah 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Ma X, Deng G, Tian N, Wang H, Zhao H, Kuai L, Luo Y, Gao C, Ding X, Li B, Li B. Calycosin enhances Treg differentiation for alleviating skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117883. [PMID: 38331120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder that poses a significant global health challenge. There is a lack of safe and effective medications to treat AD. Astragalus membranaceous is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment of skin diseases. Calycosin (CA), derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceous, exhibits dual attributes of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting its promise for addressing cutaneous inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying CA's therapeutic actions in AD remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CA in treating AD while also delving into the mechanistic underpinnings of CA's action in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability and anti-inflammatory impacts of CA in vitro were first gauged using CCK-8 and RT-qPCR. The potential mechanisms of CA were then probed using modular pharmacology. Flow cytometry was employed to ascertain the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells derived from naïve T cells, as well as the proportions and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of human iTreg cells. The expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured and Treg suppression assay was performed. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of topical CA application was assessed using a calcipotriol (MC903)-induced AD mouse model. The expression metrics of inflammatory cytokines, IL-17A, FOXP3, and RORγt were authenticated via immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS CA exhibited a favorable safety profile and reduced the mRNA expressions of Th2 inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cells. Modular pharmacology analysis pinpointed Th17 differentiation as the pivotal mechanism behind CA's therapeutic effect on AD. In vitro, CA fostered the differentiation of naïve T cells into Tregs while inhibiting their differentiation into Th17 cells. Furthermore, CA augmented the proliferation of human iTregs. In vivo, CA alleviated skin manifestations and decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, and NF-κB related cytokines) in AD-like mouse models. Simultaneously, it regulated Treg/Th17 balance through suppressing IL-17A and RORγt expressions and bolstering FOXP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS The study provides insights into the mechanistic pathways through which CA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly through promoting Treg cell differentiation and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, CA emerges as an alternative or adjunctive treatment strategy for managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Guoshu Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chunjie Gao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China.
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3
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Wang B, Yu Z, Liu J, Tian Y, Ruan Y, Kong T, Hou M, Yu B, Ling S, Wang D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Deng W, Liang Y. IL-4-induced decrease in both the number and CTLA-4 expression of T reg impairs suppression of Th2 type inflammation in severe atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:54-63. [PMID: 38556434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treg plays a pivotal role in the suppression of Th2 cell and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the disruption of Treg suppression of Th2 cell and the promotion of Th2 type inflammation in allergic diseases remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying quantitative and functional changes of Treg in AD. METHODS The molecular mechanism was investigated using flow cytometry, mRNA sequencing, co-culture experiments, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and bisulfite sequencing in vitro or in AD mice model and patients with AD. RESULTS Increased proportion of Treg was detected in mild and moderate AD. Conversely, characteristic decrease in both the number and CTLA-4 expression of Treg was relevant to serum IL-4 level in severe AD patients, which was verified under a high concentration of IL-4 treatment in vitro. The underlying mechanism is that IL-4/pSTAT6 pathway recruits DNMT1 and HDAC2 to inhibit transcriptional regulation of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 loci. High level of IL-4 impaired the suppression of Treg against Th2 cell differentiation mediated by CTLA-4, and blockade of IL-4Rα signaling in Treg restored Treg number and suppression of Th2 cell in AD model mice and patients with AD. CONCLUSION The number of Treg is relevant to stratification of severity and serum IL-4 level in patients with AD. Abnormal high level of IL-4 epigenetically triggers a decrease in both the number and CTLA-4 expression of Treg. The reduced expression of CTLA-4 on Treg induced by IL-4 impairs suppression of Th2 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Ruan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghui Kong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Hou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Ling
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yunsheng Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen S, Li C, Tu Z, Cai T, Zhang X, Wang L, Tian R, Huang J, Gong Y, Yang X, Wu Z, He S, He W, Wang D. Off-label use of Baricitinib improves moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in China through inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via targeting JAK-STAT signaling of CD4 + cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324892. [PMID: 38487164 PMCID: PMC10937442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As an inflammatory disease with a disrupted immune system, cytokine disorders in atopic dermatitis (AD) are closely related to the abnormal activation of JAK-STAT signal pathway. The critical relevance of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to the pathogenesis of AD provides a strong rationale for JAK inhibitor research. Baricitinib, a small-molecule oral JAK inhibitor, has been proven to inhibit JAK-STAT signaling in a variety of diseases, including AD. It is currently available in China for off-label use. However, its efficacy in China and its mechanism are rarely reported. In our study, we found that the immune status of patients with moderate and severe AD was hyperactive. Among the 49 known immunotherapy targets, JAK1 and JAK2 genes on lymphocytes of AD patients were significantly upregulated, which was closely related to the symptom severity in moderate and severe AD patients. Baricitinib can improve immune hyperresponsiveness and clinical symptoms in moderate and severe AD by inhibiting the activation of Th2 cell subsets and the secretion of Th2-type cytokines through MAPK, mTOR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, providing an important theoretical basis for clinical off-label use of Baricitinib to treat moderate and severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeng Tu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyuan Tian
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan Huang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxuan Gong
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zetong Wu
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirong He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Martín-Cruz L, Benito-Villalvilla C, Sirvent S, Angelina A, Palomares O. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Diseases: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2024. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:503-518. [PMID: 38408438 DOI: 10.1159/000536335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy represents a major health problem of increasing prevalence worldwide with a high socioeconomic impact. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying allergic diseases and their treatments has significantly improved over the last years. The generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial in the induction of healthy immune responses to allergens, preventing the development and worsening of allergic diseases. SUMMARY In the last decades, intensive research has focused on the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg development and Treg-mediated suppression. These mechanisms are essential for the induction of sustained tolerance by allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) after treatment discontinuation. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrated altered suppressive capacity of Tregs in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, or atopic dermatitis, as well as the restoration of their numbers and functionality after successful AIT. KEY MESSAGE The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg generation during allergen tolerance induction might well contribute to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Zhong Y, Wang F, Meng X, Zhou L. The associations between gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1297240. [PMID: 38370414 PMCID: PMC10869565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1297240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that dysregulation of intestinal flora is associated with inflammatory skin diseases, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), and rosacea (ROS). However, the causality is still unclear. Objectives To study the underlying causality between gut microbiota (GM) and AD, PSO, and ROS, a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) analysis was conducted. Methods Summary statistics of gut microbiota, AD, PSO, and ROS were extracted from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In 2SMR analysis, in addition to the inverse variance weighted as the principal method for evaluating causal association, four different methods were also used. Sensitivity analysis and reverse 2SMR study were implemented to evaluate the robustness of 2SMR results or reverse causal relationship, respectively. Results A total of 24 specific gut microbiota species related to AD, PSO, and ROS were identified by 2SMR analysis. After using the Bonferroni method for multiple testing correction, family FamilyXIII (ID: 1957) [OR = 1.28 (1.13, 1.45), p = 9.26e-05] and genus Eubacteriumfissicatenagroup (ID: 14373) [OR = 1.20 (1.09, 1.33), p = 1.65e-04] were associated with an increased risk for AD and PSO, respectively. The genus Dialister showed a negative association, suggesting a protective role against both atopic dermatitis and rosacea. Our reverse 2SMR analysis indicated no reverse causality between these inflammatory skin diseases and the identified gut microbiota. Conclusions In summary, this study provided evidence for the causality between GM and inflammatory skin diseases. These findings suggested that supplementing specific bacterial taxa may be an effective therapy for AD, PSO, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Ding YJ, Li XN, Xiao Z, Li CY, Jia LH. Low vitamin D during pregnancy is associated with infantile eczema by up-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and affecting FOXP3 expression: A bidirectional cohort study. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109516. [PMID: 37925089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has received increasing attention because of its association with atopic disease development. Limited studies that have been done on the impact of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy on infantile eczema are still debatable. We wanted to discover the effect of maternal vitamin D on infantile eczema and explore whether regulatory T cells (Treg) play a role in this process. 219 pairs of mothers and children were enrolled. Maternal fasting venous blood was collected in pregnancy's second and third trimesters to determine vitamin D levels. Cord blood and placenta samples were collected during childbirth for detecting levels of genes, proteins and cytokines. Pediatricians followed up the prevalence of eczema in infants within 1 year. The reported rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 35.6% and 28.3%. Lower maternal 25(OH)D3 levels were related to a higher risk of infantile eczema. Foxp3 gene expression is lower in cord blood of infants with eczema compared to infants without eczema. There was a positive correlation between maternal 25(OH)D3 levels and the expression of FOXP3 gene in cord blood. Compared to vitamin D sufficiency women, vitamin D deficiency women's placental FOXP3 protein expression was decreased and PI3K/AKT/mTOR protein was up-regulated. Our study demonstrates that low prenatal maternal vitamin D levels increased the risk of infantile eczema aged 0-1 year, which might be related to the downregulating of the FOXP3 gene expression in cord blood and decreased placental FOXP3 protein expression. Low placental FOXP3 protein was related with activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Ding
- Huizhou Institute for Occupational Health, Huizhou, China; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Ning Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Hong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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8
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Liu X, Xu B, Xu X, Wang Z, Luo Y, Gao Y, Ling S, Wang A, Zhou Y, Wang X, Leng SX, Li W, Yao X. Attenuation of allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis by ectopic colonization of Brevundimonas vesicularis in the intestine. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101340. [PMID: 38118418 PMCID: PMC10772585 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has shown beneficial effects against atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the mechanisms and parameters underlying the efficacy of AIT remain unclear. Here, we report that the community structure and function of the oral and gut microbiota are changed in patients with AD undergoing AIT. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients who respond well to AIT improves AD-like dermatitis in mice. The abundance of Brevundimonas vesicularis in the gut of AD patients has been found to be positively correlated with disease severity and is decreased following AIT. Furthermore, we find that B. vesicularis from the oral cavity might ectopically colonize the gut of AD patients. In AD model mice, meanwhile, B. vesicularis promotes the skewing of the Treg/Th17 balance toward Th17 polarization and attenuates the efficacy of ovalbumin-specific immunotherapy. Our findings provide potential strategies for the optimization of AIT for AD via the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Beilei Xu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | - Yang Luo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yingxia Gao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shiqi Ling
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sean Xiao Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune Remodeling, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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9
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David E, Czarnowicki T. The pathogenetic role of Th17 immune response in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:446-453. [PMID: 37641918 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As we continue to unravel the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms underlying atopic dermatitis (AD), the emergence of targeted treatments has provided new options for management. Although there are available therapies targeting various immune pathways in AD, the precise pathogenic role of interleukin (IL)-17 in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of this review is to examine the existing data pertaining to the role of IL-17 in AD and shed light on the potential of targeting this pathway as a therapeutic approach in AD treatment. RECENT FINDINGS IL-17 has a dual role of pro-inflammatory and immune protective function, making it an important player in several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The extent of IL-17 axis involvement in AD pathogenesis is still debatable. Emerging data show that Th17-related cytokines/chemokines are elevated in skin and sera samples of AD patients, with some articles reporting correlations with disease severity. Particularly increased Th17 signature in specific AD patient subsets, such as Asian-origin or pediatric patients, suggests that certain patients' disease presentations are more predominantly influenced by Th17, and, thus, they may benefit more from Th17 therapeutic targeting approaches. Lack of clinical efficacy with anti-Th17 biologics in AD patients, underscores the need to better elucidate the role of Th17 in AD pathogenesis, along with its utility in therapy. SUMMARY The well established role of IL-17 in autoimmune disorders hints for its possible participation in AD disease pathogenesis. Subsequent investigations are needed to assess whether the targeting of specific IL-17 isoforms, homodimers, or heterodimers in specific subpopulations of AD can modify treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden David
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tali Czarnowicki
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Yang X, Chen L, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhou X, Meng Z. The correlation between Th17/Treg immune dysregulation and the disease severity in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e920. [PMID: 37506162 PMCID: PMC10373571 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has a profound impact on the sleep quality, productivity and overall quality of life of affected individuals. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum Th17/Treg immune dysregulation and the severity of CSU in patients. METHODS Clinical baseline data of 120 CSU patients and matched healthy controls were recorded. The pruritus level, disease severity, and quality of life of CSU patients were assessed using the visual analogue scale, weekly Urticaria Activity Score and chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire, respectively. The Th17/Treg cell ratio was detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-21) and Treg cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-35). Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between these indicators. RESULTS No significant differences were identified in terms of sex, age, and BMI between the two groups. However, CSU patients exhibited a significant increase in the Th17 cell ratio, as well as the elevated serum levels of TGF-β1, IL-17 and, IL-21. Conversely, the proportion of Treg cells and the levels of IL-35 were remarkably decreased in CSU patients. Peripheral blood Th17 cells were negatively correlated with Treg cells. The severity of pruritus, life quality, and disease severity in CSU patients were positively correlated to Th17 cell ratio, and inversely correlated with Treg cell proportion. CONCLUSIONS A positive correlation was found between the percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cell in CSU patients and the pruritus level, life quality, and disease severity. In constrast, there was a negative correlation between the proportion of peripheral blood Treg cells and these clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Leigang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shining Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuanhui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangzhao Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhaoying Meng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
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11
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Yadav RK, Bock CR, Folahan JT, Siwe-Noundou X, Walker AL, King JA, Buerger C, Huang S, Chamcheu JC. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Cells 2023; 12:1671. [PMID: 37371141 PMCID: PMC10297376 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Improved comprehension of the consequences of the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with inflammatory dermatoses has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and to create more effective preventive and treatment methods for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have revealed that certain natural products and synthetic compounds can obstruct the expression/activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, underscoring their potential in managing common and persistent skin inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and associated components in immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses and discusses the potential of bioactive natural products, synthetic scaffolds, and biologic agents in their prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and develop more effective therapies for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Mohammad B. Uddin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Chelsea R. Bock
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Joy T. Folahan
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Anthony L. Walker
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Judy A. King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
- College of Medicine, Belmont University, 900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Claudia Buerger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinic of the Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
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12
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Herrmann I, Mamo LB, Holmes J, Mohammed JP, Murphy KM, Bizikova P. Long-term effects of ciclosporin and oclacitinib on mediators of tolerance, regulatory T-cells, IL-10 and TGF-β, in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:107-114. [PMID: 36482868 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dogs often are managed with allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and concurrent dosages of ciclosporin (CSA) or oclacitinib to alleviate their clinical signs. Both drugs might affect proper tolerance induction by inhibiting regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We evaluated Treg cell numbers and serum interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1 levels in dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) and successfully treated with either CSA or oclacitinib for nine or more months. ANIMALS We included 15 dogs receiving oclacitinib, 14 dogs treated with CSA, 15 healthy dogs, 13 dogs with untreated moderate-to-severe AD and 15 atopic dogs controlled with AIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-cell percentages were determined using flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The percentage of Treg cells in the CSA group was significantly lower in comparison with the healthy group (p = 0.0003), the nontreated AD group (p = 0.0056) or the AIT group (p = 0.0186). There was no significant difference in Treg cell percentages between the CSA and oclacitinib groups, nor between the oclacitinib and the healthy, nontreated AD or AIT-treated dogs. No significant differences were detected in IL-10 and TGF-β1 serum concentrations between the five groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lower Treg cell percentages in the CSA-treated dogs suggest an impact of this drug on this cell population; however, it does not necessarily mean that it diminishes tolerance. Functionality and cytokine production may be more important than the number of Treg cells. Further studies evaluating the treatment outcome of dogs receiving AIT and concurrent drugs are needed to show clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa B Mamo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Javid P Mohammed
- Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting Core, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - K Marcia Murphy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Kim JH, Ahn S, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. Immunization with a Pneumococcal pep27 Mutant Strain Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis through the Upregulation of Regulatory T-Cell Activity and Epithelial Barrier Function and Suppressing TSLP Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:115-123.e6. [PMID: 35988588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease driven in part by type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokines and skin barrier disruption alleviating the entry of allergens. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell‒derived cytokine, is known to aggravate AD symptoms by activating Th2. In addition, regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammatory cells such as Th2. However, the relationship between TSLP and Tregs in AD is unclear. A murine dermatitis model was induced by applying oxazolone to the ear skin of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic responses were analyzed by immunizing mice intranasally with a pneumococcal pep27 mutant (Δpep27 mutant), attenuated strain by reducing the virulence of a pathogen. Intranasal immunization with a pneumococcal pep27 mutant could elicit anti-inflammatory Treg-relevant factors and epithelial barrier genes (loricrin, involucrin, filaggrin, and small proline-rich repeat proteins). Thus, pneumococcal pep27-mutant immunization suppressed epidermal collapse, IgE, TSLP, and upregulation of Th2 expression by upregulating Treg activity. In contrast, Treg inhibition aggravated AD symptoms through the upregulation of TSLP and Th2 and the repression of epithelial barrier function compared with that of the noninhibited pneumococcal Δpep27-mutant group. Taken together, immunization with pneumococcal Δpep27 mutant upregulated Treg and epithelial barrier function and inhibited TSLP and Th2 to relieve AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemi Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; DNBio Pharm, Research Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zysk W, Gleń J, Trzeciak M. Current Insight into the Role of IL-35 and Its Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415709. [PMID: 36555351 PMCID: PMC9779445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a new member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, could induce two different types of regulatory cells including regulatory T and B cells such as IL-35-induced regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (IL-10+Bregs), and IL-35-producing regulatory B cells (IL-35+Bregs). These cells appear to play an important role in modulating the immune system in numerous diseases. Several findings suggested that the expression of IL-35 is dysregulated in many autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. Due to the functions of IL-35, it seems that this cytokine may act as an efficient therapeutic strategy for numerous conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of IL-35 in modulating the immune system. Additionally, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target, discuss its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of AD, and hypothesize that IL-35 may become a novel target for the treatment of AD. However, further studies are required to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Zysk
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-584-40-10
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15
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Jia J, Feng L, Ye S, Ping R, Mo X, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen D. Therapeutic effect of chinese herbal medicine gu-ben-hua-shi (AESS) formula on atopic dermatitis through regulation of yes-associated protein. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929580. [PMID: 36313294 PMCID: PMC9597468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent skin disease. At present, there is a lack of sufficiently effective and safe medicines that can be used for a prolonged time and reduce the recurrence of AD. The Gu-Ben-Hua-Shi (AESS) formula has been used for many years with a good clinical effect on AD but its specific treatment mechanism is unknown. Methods: The main components of AESS were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The composition of AESS compounds in the serum from rats was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. An AD mouse model was constructed using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene stimulation in Balb/C mice and the effect on the reduction of skin lesions and Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg balance after AESS administration were measured. The effects of AESS serum on the proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and adhesion of HaCaT to human monocyte cell line THP-1 were detected in an IFN-γ/TNF-α stimulated AD-like inflammatory cell model. The effects of Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression on the therapeutic effect and a related signaling pathway were also investigated. Results: In total, 10 components were confirmed using UPLC, namely five organic acids, three flavonoids, and two chromogenic ketones. Additionally, the similarity of the three batches of samples (S1–3) was above 0.98, indicating that the formula samples have good uniformity. These 10 compounds were also detected in rat serum, suggesting that they are absorbed into rat blood as prototype components. Furthermore, AESS effectively reduced the skin lesions in the AD mouse model, regulated the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg imbalance, improved the proliferation ability of the AD-like cell model, and inhibited HaCaT apoptosis and adhesion to THP-1 cells. It also reduced the expression of YAP in Th17 and Treg cells of the mouse spleen and increased YAP expression in the skin. The change in YAP expression in keratinocytes weakened the curative effect of AESS, and AESS exerted its effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion: AESS may play a role in the treatment of AD by affecting the expression of YAP. These findings can be used to promote its use as an alternative medication for prolonged use with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyue Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dacan Chen, Xiong Li,
| | - Dacan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dacan Chen, Xiong Li,
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16
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Gomes de Castro KK, Lopes da Silva PH, Nahar dos Santos L, Leal JMP, de Pinho Pereira MM, Alvim IMP, Esquenazi D. Downmodulation of Regulatory T Cells Producing TGF-β Participates in Pathogenesis of Leprosy Reactions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:865330. [PMID: 35924037 PMCID: PMC9341400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.865330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reactions are an acute and systemic manifestation, which occurs suddenly, can be severe and lead leprosy patients to disability. Reactional episodes are observed among half of the multibacillary patients, mainly in borderline lepromatous and lepromatous forms. They may begin at any time during multidrug therapy, and even before the treatment. Physical disabilities, which are the source of extreme suffering and pain for patients, occur in progression of the cellular immune response associated with a reaction and are still poorly understood. Thus, this work aimed to phenotypically and functionally characterize CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells ex vivo and in response to Mycobacterium leprae (ML). We studied 52 individuals, including 18 newly diagnosed and untreated multibacillary leprosy patients, 19 reactional multibacillary patients (Type I or Type II episodes) and 15 healthy volunteers, included as controls, all residents of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The functional activity and frequencies of these cells were evaluated through multiparametric flow cytometry. In addition, the production of cytokines in supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures was also investigated against ML by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed a decrease in CD4+TGF-β+ Treg and CD8+ TGF-β+ Treg in leprosy multibacillary patients during both types of reactional episodes. Alterations in the cytokine profile was also observed in Type II reactions, along with upregulation of IL-17 and IL-6 in supernatant. Thus, our study suggests that downregulation of Treg cells is related with both classes of reactional episodes, improving our understanding of immune hyporesponsiveness in multibacillary patients and hyperesponsiveness in both reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danuza Esquenazi
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Danuza Esquenazi
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17
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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18
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Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070464. [PMID: 35878202 PMCID: PMC9318596 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a very common Gram-positive bacterium, and S. aureus infections play an extremely important role in a variety of diseases. This paper describes the types of virulence factors involved, the inflammatory cells activated, the process of host cell death, and the associated diseases caused by S. aureus. S. aureus can secrete a variety of enterotoxins and other toxins to trigger inflammatory responses and activate inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes, helper T cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Activated inflammatory cells can express various cytokines and induce an inflammatory response. S. aureus can also induce host cell death through pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, etc. This article discusses S. aureus and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, allergic asthma, food poisoning, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and osteomyelitis. Summarizing the pathogenic mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus provides a basis for the targeted treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
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19
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Gao L, Luo D, Wu D, Sun Q, Liu Y, Wen D, Jia L. Effects of mammalian target of rapamycin and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediating autophagy signaling on the balance of Th17/Treg cells during perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1781-1789. [PMID: 35357751 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA)'s immunotoxic properties have received increasing interest, which can lead to immune dysfunction and related disease development. However, the mechanism is not completely clear. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy has important roles in innate immunity, inflammatory response, and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and autophagy in Treg/Th17 imbalance induced by perinatal BPA exposure. Our results showed that the number of Th17 cells in the spleen of offspring female mice significantly increased, while the number of Treg cells decreased significantly, which was consistent with the expression levels of up-regulation of RORγt protein and a down-regulation Foxp3 protein. The levels of mTOR, p-mTOR, P62, and AhR protein expression increased, and LC3 protein decreased in spleen. However, in the thymus, we found that RORγt and Foxp3 proteins changed most significantly in the low-dose BPA group, and the same as p-mTOR and P62 protein levels. We conjectured that the potential mechanism of the imbalance of Th17/Treg upon perinatal exposure to BPA was probably associated with autophagy dysfunction. Proper autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the thymic and spleen immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou medical university, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou medical university, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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20
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Fagundes BO, de Sousa TR, Nascimento A, Fernandes LA, Sgnotto FDR, Orfali RL, Aoki V, Duarte AJDS, Sanabani SS, Victor JR. IgG from Adult Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Patients Induces Nonatopic Neonatal Thymic Gamma-Delta T Cells (γδT) to Acquire IL-22/IL-17 Secretion Profile with Skin-Homing Properties and Epigenetic Implications Mediated by miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6872. [PMID: 35743310 PMCID: PMC9224404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells mature in the human thymus, and mainly produce IL-17A or IFN-γ, but can also produce IL-22 and modulate a variety of immune responses. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether IgG from AD patients (AD IgG) can functionally modulate thymic nonatopic γδT cells. Thymic tissues were obtained from 12 infants who had not had an atopic history. Thymocytes were cultured in mock condition, or in the presence of either AD IgG or therapeutic intravenous IgG (IVIg). Following these treatments, intracellular cytokine production, phenotype, and microRNA expression profiles were investigated. AD IgG could downregulate α4β7, upregulate CLA, and induce the production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 in γδT cells. Although both AD IgG and IVIg could directly interact with γδT cell membranes, AD IgG could reduce γδT cell apoptosis. AD IgG could upregulate nine miRNAs compared to IVIg, and six when compared to the mock condition. In parallel, some miRNAs were downregulated. Target gene prediction and functional analysis indicated that some target genes were enriched in the negative regulation of cellular transcription. This study shows that AD IgG influences the production of IL-17 and IL-22 by intrathymic nonatopic γδT cells, and demonstrates epigenetic implications mediated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Thamires Rodrigues de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Andrezza Nascimento
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | - Lorena Abreu Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | | | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-03, Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.O.F.); (T.R.d.S.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), Health Sciences School, Sao Paulo 04505-002, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
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21
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Lin YW, Li XX, Fu FH, Liu B, Xing X, Qi R, Ma L. Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop regulates Th17 cell differentiation in mouse psoriasis‑like skin inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:223. [PMID: 35582997 PMCID: PMC9175275 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‑17A, the effector cytokine of T helper (Th) 17 cells, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The Notch1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are implicated in Th17 cell differentiation and IL‑17A production. The present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory effect of the Notch1/hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1)‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop on Th17 cell differentiation via the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 in a mouse model of psoriasis. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group, a model group [5% imiquimod (IMQ)‑induced group] and an intervention group (5% IMQ‑induced plus LY294002‑treated group). Skin structural characteristics were recorded and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The weights of the spleens and inguinal lymph nodes were measured. Th17 cell percentage, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), Hes1, PTEN, AKT, phosphorylated (p)‑AKT, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), p‑mTORC1, S6 kinase (S6K)1, S6K2 and IL‑17A were detected in skin samples of the three experimental groups. Additionally, splenic mononuclear cells from model mice were treated by 10 and 50 µM LY294002 to further evaluate its regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop. Increased Th17 cell percentage, increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p‑AKT, mTORC1, p‑mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL‑17A, and decreased PTEN levels were observed in model mice alongside marked psoriasis‑like skin inflammation, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. LY294002 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of psoriasis‑like skin inflammation in the intervention mice, attenuated the degree of epidermal hyperplasia and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigated splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In addition, LY294002 treatment reversed the increased Th17 cell percentage, as well as the increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p‑AKT, mTORC1, p‑mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL‑17A, and the decreased expression of PTEN. In vitro study from 5% IMQ‑induced mouse splenic mononuclear cells presented that high dose of LY294002 exerted more obviously regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop. The current findings suggested that the Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop regulates Th17 cell differentiation within the disease environment of psoriasis. Blocking the Notch1/Hes1‑PTEN/AKT/IL‑17A feedback loop may thus be a potential therapeutic method for management of psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Hui Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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22
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Humeau M, Boniface K, Bodet C. Cytokine-Mediated Crosstalk Between Keratinocytes and T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:801579. [PMID: 35464457 PMCID: PMC9022745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.801579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by barrier dysfunction, dysregulated immune response, and dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Infiltration of various T helper cell subsets into lesional skin and subsequent cytokine release are a hallmark of AD. Release of cytokines by both T cells and keratinocytes plays a key role in skin inflammation and drives many AD features. This review aims to discuss cytokine-mediated crosstalk between T cells and keratinocytes in AD pathogenesis and the potential impact of virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Humeau
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines LITEC UR 15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines LITEC UR 15560, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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23
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Zhang DJ, Hao F, Qian T, Cheng HX. Expression of Helper and Regulatory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:777992. [PMID: 35433533 PMCID: PMC9010508 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.777992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, with the incidence peaks in infancy. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the levels of T helper type 22 (Th22) cells, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, interleukin (IL)-17, and Tregs in peripheral blood of patients with AD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wan-fang Data from the day of inception of this study to July 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data, which were pooled and calculated using Stata software version 15. RESULTS A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 2.07, 95% CI (1.33, 2.81), p < 0.001], Th17 cells [WMD = 1.04, 95% CI [0.66, 1.43], p < 0.001], IL-17 [WMD = 17.56, 95% CI (11.1, 24.03), p < 0.001], and a decreased proportion of Tregs [WMD = -2.49, 95% CI (-2.93, -2.05), p < 0.001] in peripheral blood. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with higher disease severity had higher levels of Th22 [mild: WMD = 1.33, 95% CI (1.24, 1.41), p < 0.001; moderate: WMD = 1.41, 95% CI (1.36, 1.54), p < 0.001; severe: WMD = 3.46, 95% CI (3.34, 2.81), p < 0.001] and lower levels of Tregs [mild: WMD = -1.43, 95% CI (-1.75, -1.11), p < 0.001; moderate: WMD = -2.16, 95% CI (-2.46, -1.86), p < 0.001; severe: WMD = -2.96, 95% CI (-3.25, -2.67), p < 0.001] in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION The random effect model of the meta-analysis showed patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells, Th17 cells, and IL-17, whereas a decreased proportion of Tregs was found in peripheral blood. The results demonstrated that Th22 cells, Th17 cells, IL-17, and Tregs may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Xing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Lopera TJ, Lujan JA, Zurek E, Zapata W, Hernandez JC, Toro MA, Alzate JF, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT, Aguilar-Jimenez W. A specific structure and high richness characterize intestinal microbiota of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260729. [PMID: 34855852 PMCID: PMC8638974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota facilitates food breakdown for energy metabolism and influences the immune response, maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Overall, HIV infection is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and immune activation, which has been related to seroconversion in HIV-exposed individuals. However, it is unclear whether microbiota dysbiosis is the cause or the effect of immune alterations and disease progression or if it could modulate the risk of acquiring the HIV infection. We characterize the intestinal microbiota and determine its association with immune regulation in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN), HIV-infected progressors (HIV+), and healthy control (HC) subjects. For this, feces and blood were collected. The microbiota composition of HESN showed a significantly higher alpha (p = 0.040) and beta diversity (p = 0.006) compared to HC, but no differences were found compared to HIV+. A lower Treg percentage was observed in HESN (1.77%) than HC (2.98%) and HIV+ (4.02%), with enrichment of the genus Butyrivibrio (p = 0.029) being characteristic of this profile. Moreover, we found that Megasphaera (p = 0.017) and Victivallis (p = 0.0029) also are enriched in the microbiota composition in HESN compared to HC and HIV+ subjects. Interestingly, an increase in Succinivibrio and Prevotella, and a reduction in Bacteroides genus, which is typical of HIV-infected individuals, were observed in both HESN and HIV+, compared to HC. Thus, HESNs have a microbiota profile, similar to that observed in HIV+, most likely because HESN are cohabiting with their HIV+ partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio J. Lopera
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge A. Lujan
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Zurek
- Department of System Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Infettare, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Infettare, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Toro
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica -CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria -SIU, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica -CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria -SIU, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Natalia A. Taborda
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria T. Rugeles
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wbeimar Aguilar-Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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25
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Martinez A, de la Rosa R, Mujahid M, Thakur N. Structural racism and its pathways to asthma and atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1112-1120. [PMID: 34743832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Black, Latinx, and Indigenous people in the United States experience a disproportionate burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis. The study of these disease disparities has focused on proximal socioenvironmental exposures and on the biomechanistic (including genetic) differences between racial and ethnic groups. Although biomedical research in allergy and immunology stands to benefit from the inclusion of diverse study populations, the narrow focus on biologic mechanisms disregards the complexity of interactions across biologic and structural factors, including the effects of structural racism. Structural racism is the totality of ways in which society fosters discrimination by creating and reinforcing inequitable systems through intentional policies and practices sanctioned by government and institutions. It is embedded across multiple levels, including the economic, educational, health care, and judicial systems, which are manifested in inequity in the physical and social environment. In this review, we present a conceptual framework and pull from the literature to demonstrate how structural racism is a root cause of atopic disease disparities by way of residential segregation, socioeconomic position, and mass incarceration, which may lead to aberrations in the innate and adaptive immune response and the augmentation of physiologic stress responses, contributing to a disproportionate disease burden for racial and ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adali Martinez
- School of Medicine, the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Mahasin Mujahid
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif
| | - Neeta Thakur
- School of Medicine, the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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26
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Zheng T, Fan M, Wei Y, Feng J, Zhou P, Sun X, Xue A, Qin CX, Yu D. Huangbai Liniment Ameliorates Skin Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726035. [PMID: 34531749 PMCID: PMC8438128 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases and is characterized by allergic skin inflammation, redness, and itchiness and is associated with a hyperactivated type 2 immune response. The leading causes of AD include an imbalance in the immune system, genetic predisposition, or environmental factors, making the development of effective pharmacotherapies complex. Steroids are widely used to treat AD; however, they provide limited efficacy in the long term and can lead to adverse effects. Thus, novel treatments that offer durable efficacy and fewer side effects are urgently needed. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Huangbai Liniment (HB), a traditional Chinese medicine, using an experimental AD mouse model, following our clinical observations of AD patients. In both AD patient and the mouse disease model, HB significantly improved the disease condition. Specifically, patients who received HB treatment on local skin lesions (3–4 times/day) showed improved resolution of inflammation. Using the 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD model in BALB/c mice, we observed that HB profoundly alleviated severe skin inflammation and relieved the itching. The dermatopathological results showed markedly reversed skin inflammation with decreased epidermal thickness and overall cellularity. Correspondingly, HB treatment largely decreased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-13, associated with declined gene expression of IL-33, ST2, and GATA3, which are connected to the type 2 immune response. In addition, HB restored immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T (TREG) cells and inhibiting the generation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells in vitro and in the DNCB-induced AD mouse model. For the first time, we demonstrate that HB markedly mitigates skin inflammation in AD patients and the DNCB-induced AD mouse model by reinvigorating the T cell immune balance, shedding light on the future development and application of novel HB-based therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Miao Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunbo Wei
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jinhong Feng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Anqi Xue
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic skin diseases such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are among the most common skin diseases with severe socioeconomic consequences. The pathogenesis of allergic skin diseases is complex. This review provides an overview of cytocines IL-17, IL-23, IL-31 and IL-33. RECENT FINDINGS Current research results show a variety of immunological processes in the pathogenesis of the allergic skin diseases, including the role of cytokines. In addition to the Th1 and Th2 immune response, the immune response via Th17 is becoming increasingly important in allergic skin diseases but also the cytokines IL-23, IL-31 and IL-33 have been discussed in the literature recently. Different cytokines promote in a kind of orchestra the different symptoms seen in the different allergic skin diseases, including pruritus, dermatitis, mast cell mediator release and inflammation. SUMMARY We are still in the early stages of understanding pathophysiology of allergic skin diseases and the role of various cytokines in the immune system. With the development of targeted antibodies against the proinflammatory cytokines, the variety of normal therapeutic options can be expected to evolve.
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Hofmann MA, Fluhr JW, Ruwwe‐Glösenkamp C, Stevanovic K, Bergmann K, Zuberbier T. Role of IL-17 in atopy-A systematic review. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12047. [PMID: 34429872 PMCID: PMC8361814 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atopy is defined as the genetic predisposition to react with type I allergic diseases such as food-, skin-, and respiratory allergies. Distinct molecular mechanisms have been described, including the known Th2 driven immune response. IL-17A (IL-17) is mainly produced by Th17 cells and belongs to the IL-17 family of cytokines, IL-17A to F. While IL-17 plays a major role in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, more data was published in recent years elucidating the role of IL-17 in allergic diseases. The present study aimed to elaborate specifically the role of IL-17 in atopy. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, regarding IL-17 and atopy/allergic diseases. RESULTS In total, 31 novel publications could be identified (food allergy n = 3, allergic asthma n = 7, allergic rhinitis [AR] n = 10, atopic dermatitis [AD] n = 11). In all allergic diseases, the IL-17 pathway has been investigated. Serum IL-17 was elevated in all allergic diseases. In AR, serum and nasal IL-17 levels correlated with the severity of the disease. In food allergies, serum IL-17E was also elevated in children. In AD, there is a trend for higher IL-17 values in the serum and skin specimen, while it is more expressed in acute lesions. In allergic asthma, serum IL-17 levels were increased. In two studies, higher serum IL-17 levels were found in severe persistent asthmatic patients than in intermittent asthmatics or healthy controls. Only one therapeutic clinical study exists on allergic diseases (asthma patients) using a monoclonal antibody against the IL-17 receptor A. No clinical efficacy was found in the total study population, except for a subgroup of patients with (post-bronchodilator) high reversibility. SUMMARY The role of IL 17 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases is evident, but the involvement of the Th17 cytokine in the pathophysiological pathway is not conclusively defined. IL-17 is most likely relevant and will be a clinical target in subgroups of patients. The current data indicates that IL-17 is elevated more often in acute and severe forms of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja A. Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Katarina Stevanovic
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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Pandey R, Parkash V, Kant S, Verma AK, Sankhwar SN, Agrawal A, Parmar D, Verma S, Ahmad MK. An update on the diagnostic biomarkers for asthma. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1139-1148. [PMID: 34041141 PMCID: PMC8140254 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2037_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disorder accounts for ~339 million cases per annum. The initial diagnosis of asthma relies on the symptomatic identification of characters, such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of two or more of these symptoms may be considered as indicative of asthma. The asthma-diagnostic also involves spirometry test before and after inhaling a bronchodilator like albuterol. Because asthma pathophysiology involves participation of immune system, the cytokines play an important role. The review discusses various molecules that are or may be used as biomarkers for the asthma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pandey
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Parkash
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K. Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. N. Sankhwar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Agrawal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Department of Development Toxicology, CSIR IITR, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheetal Verma
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Kaleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jia J, Mo X, Yan F, Liu J, Ye S, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Li H, Chen D. Role of YAP-related T cell imbalance and epidermal keratinocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:164-173. [PMID: 33358580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by impaired skin barrier function and immune system dysfunction. The expression and role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in AD are unclear. OBJECTIVE To characterize the role of the YAP in T cell imbalance and epidermal keratinocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS We included 35 patients with AD (21 acute and 14 chronic). An AD mouse model was constructed using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and AD-like inflammatory cell model was constructed using TNF-α/IFN-γ-activated HaCaT cells. The proportion of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells was detected using flow cytometry. After mononuclear cells were obtained from human peripheral blood or mouse spleen and induced to differentiate into different T cell subsets, YAP mRNA and protein expression were analyzed. Up-regulation of YAP was induced by lentivirus and down-regulation of YAP was induced by its specific inhibitor verteporfin (VP). The expression of YAP in skin lesions and infiltrating T cell subsets was detected using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining, respectively. RESULTS We found differing degrees of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg imbalance in acute and chronic AD. YAP expression was downregulated in Treg cells and upregulated in Th17 cells; YAP expression was downregulated in the AD epidermis. After YAP overexpression, the proportion of both Th17 and the Treg cells differentiated from mouse spleen mononuclear cells increased. There was an opposite trend after YAP inhibition. The proliferation and migration decreased and apoptosis increased after YAP inhibition in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION Change of YAP expression may cause T cell imbalance and hamper the healing of the epidermis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Fenggen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Siqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China
| | - Dacan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, China.
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Maldonado V, Loza-Mejía MA, Chávez-Alderete J. Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109988. [PMID: 32540603 PMCID: PMC7282759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. Moreover, PTX can restore the balance of the immune response, reduce damage to the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, improve circulation, and prevent microvascular thrombosis. There is further evidence that PTX can improve ventilatory parameters. Therefore, we propose repositioning PTX in the treatment of COVID-19. The main advantage of repositioning PTX is that it is an affordable drug that is already available worldwide with an established safety profile, further offering the possibility of immediately analysing the result of its use and associated success rates. Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-α mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valente Maldonado
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad La Salle-México, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Zone 27 Mexican Institute of Social Security, Col. Nonoalco Tlatelolco Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 6390, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Loza-Mejía
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad La Salle-México, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez-Alderete
- Laboratory of Bronchial Hyperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Song J, Li Y, Li J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Suo H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 regulates immune balance in ovalbumin-sensitized mice by modulating expression of the immune-related transcription factors and gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4930-4939. [PMID: 32478427 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics regulate host immune balance, which may reduce immune-related diseases. The effects and mechanisms of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 (Lr-0601) on the immune response in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were explored. RESULTS Lr-0601 reduced serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA-IgE and attenuated the alteration in lung pathology in OVA-sensitized mice. Lr-0601 blocked OVA-induced up-regulation in serum T helper (Th) 2 and Th17 cytokines but increased the serum levels of Th1 and regulatory T (Treg) cytokines in OVA-sensitized mice. OVA also markedly reduced the protein levels of spleen T-box transcription factor and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3, leading to the reduced mRNA expression of interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-10. By contrast, OVA markedly increased the protein expression of spleen GATA-binding protein 3 and retinoid-related orphan receptor γt, as well as the mRNA expression of spleen IL-4 and IL-17. These changes induced by OVA were reversed by Lr-0601. Moreover, Lr-0601 helped alleviate OVA-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. A correlation was found between specific genera and immune-associated cytokines. CONCLUSION The combined results indicate that Lr-0601 modulated the balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 in OVA-sensitized mice, which was associated with the regulation of immune-related transcription factors and gut microbiota. Lr-0601 can potentially be used as a probiotic for preventing immune-related diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Son SE, Park SJ, Koh JM, Im DS. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) activation ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by increasing regulatory T cells in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1337-1347. [PMID: 32555509 PMCID: PMC7609340 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dose intake of docosahexaenoic acid showed beneficial effects on atopic dermatitis in patients and was found to increase regulatory T cells in mice, but its molecular target has not been identified. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a receptor sensing polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid. In the present study, we examined whether FFA4 acted as a therapeutic target of docosahexaenoic acid for treating atopic dermatitis. Experimental atopic dermatitis was induced in mice by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization on day 0, followed by repeated DNCB challenges from D7 to D48. The mice were treated with a selective agonist compound A (30 mg· kg−1· d−1, ip) from D19 to D48, and sacrificed on D49. We found that DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, i.e. hypertrophy and mast cell infiltration in skin tissues, as well as markedly elevated serum IgE levels. Administration of compound A significantly suppressed the atopic responses in ears and lymph nodes, such as hypertrophy and mast cell infiltration in the ears, enlarged sizes of lymph nodes, and elevated serum IgE and levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ in ear tissue. The therapeutic effects of compound A were abolished by FFA4 knockout. Similarly, increased CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population in lymph nodes was observed in wide-type mice treated with compound A, but not seen in FFA4-deficient mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that activation of FFA4 ameliorates atopic dermatitis by increasing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, suggesting FFA4 as a therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis.
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Zheng R, Wang F, Huang Y, Xiang Q, Dai H, Zhang W. Elevated Th17 cell frequencies and Th17/Treg ratio are associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children. J Asthma 2020; 58:707-716. [PMID: 32114839 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1737710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The elevation of T helper (Th)17 cell frequencies and the imbalance of Th17/regulatory T (Treg) cells occur in asthma pathogenesis. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a cardinal feature of asthma, and Th17 responses can promote AHR. We hypothesized that changes in Th17 cells and the Th17/Treg ratio correlate with AHR in asthmatic children.Methods: Twenty asthmatic children and twenty healthy children were included in the study. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) % pred, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred and the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio were measured in all subjects. Methacholine challenge test (MCT) was performed in asthmatic children. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ELISA was used to assess serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-10.Results: Th17 cell frequencies (2.272 ± 0.207% in asthmatics, 1.193 ± 0.131% in controls, P < 0.01) and Th17/Treg ratios (0.371 ± 0.0387 in asthmatics, 0.183 ± 0.020 in controls, P < 0.01) were significantly increased in asthmatic children compared to controls. In asthmatic children, the MCT grade had positive correlations with the Th17 cell frequencies [r = 0.718, P < 0.01], serum IL-17A level [r = 0.753, P < 0.01] and Th17/Treg ratio [r = 0.721, P < 0.01], while the log10PD20-FEV1 value was negatively correlated with the Th17 cell frequencies [r = -0.654, P < 0.01], serum IL-17A level [r = -0.652, P < 0.01] and Th17/Treg ratio [r = -0.625, P < 0.01].Conclusion: Th17 cell, IL-17A and Th17/Treg ratio were positively correlated with AHR in asthmatic children. It may be helpful to monitor Th17 cells and the Th17/Treg ratio as indicators of AHR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangmin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiangwei Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan Dai
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Elkoshi Z. The Binary Classification Of Chronic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:319-333. [PMID: 31908517 PMCID: PMC6927256 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s227279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute diseases start with an insult and end when insult disappears. If the trauma induces an immune reaction (which happens in most cases), this reaction must be terminated with some type of resolution mechanism, when the cause of the trauma ceases. Chronicity develops if insult is permanent or if the resolution mechanism is defective. Another way to reach disease chronicity is a positive feedback loop, whereby the immune reaction activates an internal, insult-like reaction. A distinction between chronic states characterized by a persistent, low suppressive effect and those characterized by a persistent, high suppressive effect of regulatory T cells (Treg), is proposed. This two-class division represents two ways to reach chronicity: (a) by maintaining inflammatory reaction long after insult disappears ("low Treg"), or (b) by suppressing inflammatory reaction prior to the disappearance of insult ("high Treg"). This two-class division may explain the strong association between certain pathogens and cancer, on one hand, and between several other pathogens and autoimmunity, on the other hand. The weak association between autoimmune diseases and HIV infection and the relatively weak association between autoimmune diseases and cancer may be elucidated as well. In addition, the model rationalizes why immune-modulating drugs, which are effective in cancer, are also effective in "high Treg" viral infections, while corticosteroids, which are generally effective in autoimmune diseases, are also effective in other "low Treg" diseases (such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and "low Treg" infections) but are not effective in solid malignancies and "high Treg" infections. Moreover, the model expounds why certain bacteria inhibit tumor growth and why these very bacteria induce autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Haifa Bay, Israel
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36
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Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Herbal Formula (PTQX) on NC/Nga Mice with Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8359252. [PMID: 31885666 PMCID: PMC6925805 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8359252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease. The available systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis are inadequate. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Chinese herbal formula Pei Tu Qing Xin (PTQX) on dermatitis severity and ear swelling, immunomodulation, and the infiltration of mast cells in a mouse model of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene- (DNCB-) induced AD. Methods. AD-like symptoms were induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice. Skin lesions, dermatitis, ear swelling, and scratching behaviour were evaluated. Changes in the T-helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) subtypes and immunoregulation in the spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry. Results. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that PTQX decreased the DNCB-mediated induction of mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ear and dorsal skin. PTQX also reduced the DNCB-induced increase in the serum immunoglobulin E level, pruritus, and dermatitis (red, flaky areas) on the dorsal skin. Furthermore, PTQX regulated the balance between the populations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells (particularly the latter two) in the lymph nodes. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the Chinese herbal formula PTQX can alleviate symptoms of AD, such as epithelial damage, redness, swelling, and pruritus, and potentially be used to treat this condition.
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Correlation of Blood FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells and Disease Activity of Atopic Dermatitis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1820182. [PMID: 31637264 PMCID: PMC6766093 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1820182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and its correlation with disease severity. Methods Blood samples from 79 AD patients before and after four-week conventional treatment were collected. Cell counts of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs, CD4+CD25+FoxP3-T effector cells (Teffs), and CD4+IL-10+Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Results The pretreatment cell count of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs positively correlated with disease severity in all patients (P < 0.0001). However, when that correlation was rechecked based on the treatment response, a much stronger correlation of that was found in those patients with remission after treatment, while no correlation of that was found in patients without remission. Both the cell count and proportions of peripheral CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs and CD4+CD25+FoxP3-Teffs reduced significantly after treatment in patients with remission, but remained unchanged in patients without remission. The cell count and proportion of CD4+IL-10+Tregs did not change after treatment in both groups. In patients with remission, serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 significantly reduced (all P < 0.05); IL-12 and IFN-γ levels increased significantly (all P < 0.05); IL-10 and TGF-β levels remained unchanged after treatment. None of those cytokine levels changed in patients without remission. Conclusions CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs is associated with AD development and severity in some patients but not in others. AD maybe divided into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg-associated subtype, which CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg is parallel to the activity of AD, and nonassociated subtype, which CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg is not related. This subgroup difference may contribute partly to the nonidentical markers that have been found in AD and should be studied further.
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Wicks K, Stretton C, Popple A, Beresford L, Williams J, Maxwell G, Gosling JP, Kimber I, Dearman RJ. T lymphocyte phenotype of contact-allergic patients: experience with nickel and p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:43-53. [PMID: 30779159 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in understanding the immunological variables that have the greatest influence on the effectiveness of sensitization by contact allergens, particularly in the context of developing new paradigms for risk assessment of novel compounds. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between patch test score for three different contact allergens and the characteristics of T cell responses. METHODS A total of 192 patients with confirmed nickel, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) or methylisothiazolinone (MI) allergy were recruited from the Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit at Salford Royal Hospital. Severity of allergy was scored by the use of patch testing, peripheral blood lymphocytes were characterized for T cell phenotype by flow cytometry, and proliferative activity was characterized by radiolabelled thymidine incorporation. Comparisons were drawn with buffy coat samples from healthy volunteers. RESULTS Patch test positivity for nickel, PPD and MI was associated with changes in the phenotype of peripheral blood T cells: increases in naïve cells, decreases in regulatory T cell frequency and the CD4+ /CD8hi ratio, and increased expression of the skin-homing marker cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), particularly for those patients with a +++ patch test score. CONCLUSIONS This increased understanding of the characteristics of the T cell responses to contact allergens may provide parameters with which to better measure health risks associated with skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Wicks
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare Stretton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy Popple
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorna Beresford
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason Williams
- Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Gavin Maxwell
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | | | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Boehncke WH, Brembilla NC. Autoreactive T-Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1198. [PMID: 31191553 PMCID: PMC6549194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of one or several autoantigen(s) and a response by the adaptive immune system are the key criteria to classify a pathology as an autoimmune disease. The list of entities fulfilling this criterion is currently growing in the light of recent advancements in the pathogenetic understanding of a number of important dermatoses. The role of autoreactive T-lymphocytes differs amongst these pathologies. While they are directly involved as effector cells attacking and sometimes killing their respective target in some diseases (e.g., vitiligo), they provide help to B-lymphocytes, which in turn produce the pathogenic autoreactive antibodies in others (pemphigus and pemphigoid). Atopic dermatits is a chimera in this regard, as there is evidence for both functions. Psoriasis is an example for an entity where autoantigens were finally identified, suggesting that at least a subgroup of patients should be classified as suffering from a true autoimmune rather than autoinflammatory condition. Identification of resident memory T-lymphocytes (TRM) helped to understand why certain diseases relapse at the same site after seemingly effective therapy. Therefore, the in-depth characterization of autoreactive T-lyphocytes goes way beyond an academic exercise and opens the door toward improved therapies yielding durable responses. TRM are particularly suitable targets in this regard, and the clinical efficacy of some established and emerging therapeutic strategies such as the inhibition of Janus Kinase 3 or interleukin 15 may rely on their capacity to prevent TRM differentiation and maintenance. Research in this field brings us closer to the ultimate goal in the management of autoimmunity at large, namely resetting the immune system in order to restore the state of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Divison of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Silva MDJ, de Santana MBR, Tosta BR, Espinheira RP, Alcantara-Neves NM, Barreto ML, Figueiredo CA, Costa RDS. Variants in the IL17 pathway genes are associated with atopic asthma and atopy makers in a South American population. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 15:28. [PMID: 31168303 PMCID: PMC6489266 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disorder with multiple phenotypes which can influence its severity and response to treatment. The TH17 lymphocytes producing IL-17A and IL17-F cytokines, may have a role on asthma inflammation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between genetic variants in IL17 pathway genes with asthma and atopy markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping was performed using a commercial panel in 1245 participants of SCAALA cohort. The study included 91 SNVs in IL-17 pathway genes. Logistic regressions for asthma and atopy markers were performed using PLINK 1.9. In silico analyses were performed using rSNPbase, RegulomeDB, and Gtex portal for in silico gene expression. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The T allele of rs1974226 in IL17A was positively associated with asthma (OR: 1.37; 95% CI 1.02-1.82). Also, the T allele of rs279548 was positively associated with asthma (OR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.02-1.64), atopy (OR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.05-2.50) and increased expression of the IL17RC in lung and whole blood tissues. The others genetic variants in the IL17 pathways genes were associated with both protection and risk for asthma development as well as with IgE levels. CONCLUSION The genetic variants in IL-17-related genes are associated with the atopic asthma phenotype and IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milca de J. Silva
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Maria B. R. de Santana
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Bruna R. Tosta
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Roberta P. Espinheira
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves
- Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | | | - Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Ryan dos S. Costa
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
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Yu H, Jiang L, Liu R, Yang A, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang W, Che T. Association between the ratio of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Th17 cells to AhR in Treg cells and SLE skin lesions. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:257-262. [PMID: 30743201 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin lesions are typical clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the biomarker for predicting SLE skin injury is not clear. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study with aim to explore the predictive value of the ratio of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in T helper 17 (Th17) cells to AhR in regulatory T (Treg) cells (AhR ratio) in SLE skin lesions. The clinical and laboratory data were obtained from their medical records, and the AhR relative expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the proportion of AhR-overexpressing cells in Th17 and Treg cells. Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between AhR ratio risk of skin lesions. Results showed that the expression level of AhR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased >3-fold in patients with SLE compared with that in healthy controls. Compared with control group, the percentage of AhR-overexpressing cells to Th17 cells was statistically higher in patients with SLE, whereas no significant difference was observed in the percentage of AhR-overexpressing cells to Treg cells between patients with SLE and control group. AhR ratio was also higher in SLE, and it was negatively correlated with complement 3 while positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In addition, compared with the low-AhR ratio group, more younger SLE patients with skin lesions, ultraviolet allergies and lower C3 levels were observed in the high-AhR ratio group, implicating that AhR ratio may be a potential biomarker for predicting SLE skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Public Health School, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, East Road no. 110 Nanhe Yantan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China; Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Uttarkar S, Brembilla NC, Boehncke WH. Regulatory cells in the skin: Pathophysiologic role and potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1302-1310. [PMID: 30664891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental defense mechanism to protect the body from danger, which becomes potentially harmful if it turns chronic. Therapeutic strategies aimed at specifically blocking proinflammatory signals, particularly cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A, or TNF-α, have substantially improved our ability to effectively and safely treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Much less effort has been made to better understand the role of potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Here we summarize the current understanding of regulatory cell populations in the context of chronic inflammation, namely macrophages, Langerhans cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T and B lymphocytes. Emphasis is given to the skin because many different immune-related diseases occur in the skin. Development, phenotype, function, and evidence for their role in animal models of inflammation, as well as in the corresponding human diseases, are described. Finally, the feasibility of using regulatory cells as targets for potentially disease-modifying therapeutic strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Uttarkar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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43
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Parisi JDS, Corrêa MP, Gil CD. Lack of Endogenous Annexin A1 Increases Mast Cell Activation and Exacerbates Experimental Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010051. [PMID: 30650525 PMCID: PMC6356645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein with potent anti-inflammatory actions and an interesting target that has been poorly explored in skin inflammation. This work evaluated the lack of endogenous AnxA1 in the progression of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions. OVA/Alum-immunized C57BL/6 male wild-type (WT) and AnxA1 null (AnxA1-/-) mice were challenged with drops containing OVA on days 11, 14–18 and 21–24. The AnxA1-/- AD group exhibited skin with intense erythema, erosion and dryness associated with increased skin thickness compared to the AD WT group. The lack of endogenous AnxA1 also increased IgE relative to WT animals, demonstrating exacerbation of the allergic response. Histological analysis revealed intense eosinophilia and mast-cell activation in AD animals, especially in AnxA1-/-. Both AD groups increased skin interleukin (IL)-13 levels, while IL-17A was upregulated in AnxA1-/- lymph nodes and mast cells. High levels of phosphorylated ERK were detected in keratinocytes from AD groups. However, phospho-ERK levels were higher in the AnxA1-/- when compared to the respective control groups. Our results suggest AnxA1 as an important therapeutic target for inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Dos Santos Parisi
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil.
| | - Mab Pereira Corrêa
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil.
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Elahi A, Sabui S, Narasappa NN, Agrawal S, Lambrecht NW, Agrawal A, Said HM. Biotin Deficiency Induces Th1- and Th17-Mediated Proinflammatory Responses in Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes via Activation of the mTOR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2563-2570. [PMID: 29531163 PMCID: PMC5893381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biotin (vitamin B7) is essential for human health because of its involvement, as a cofactor, in a variety of critical cellular metabolic reactions. Previous studies have shown that biotin deficiency enhances inflammation, and certain chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with biotin deficiency; however, the mechanisms that mediate the association between biotin status and inflammation are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of biotin deficiency on human CD4+ T cell responses to determine their role in biotin deficiency-associated inflammation. Our investigations revealed that anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4+ T cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium secreted significantly enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17. Expression of the transcription factors T-bet and RORγt was increased, whereas Foxp3 expression was decreased, in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. The percentage of T regulatory cells was also decreased under biotin-deficient condition. A similar increase in T-bet, RORγt, and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as a decrease in Foxp3, was observed in inguinal lymph nodes of mice fed a biotin-deficient diet relative to pair-fed controls. Furthermore, differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Th17 cells was also enhanced. In vitro and in vivo investigations indicated that the increased inflammatory response was due to enhanced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that biotin deficiency enhances the inflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to inflammation associated with biotin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Elahi
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Nell N Narasappa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Nils W Lambrecht
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822;
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Holowacz S, Blondeau C, Guinobert I, Guilbot A, Hidalgo S, Bisson J. Lactobacillus salivarius LA307 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 attenuate skin inflammation in mice. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:299-309. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral probiotics potential for the management of dermatological diseases is vast. However, results of available studies in skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), are inconsistent, partly because probiotic effects are strain specific. Careful selection of probiotic strains is therefore indispensable to ensure efficacy of treatment. In this study, Lactobacillus salivarius LA307, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 and Bifidobacterium bifidum PI22, three strains that were previously identified for their interesting immunomodulatory properties in allergy and/or colitis models, were assessed in the prevention of chronic skin inflammation induced by repeated applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in hairless SKH-1 mice. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of skin lesions was performed together with measurements of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, IL-22, IL-10 and IL-4. Daily oral treatment with the three strains at the dose of 1×109 cfu/day for 3 weeks limited the development of chronic skin inflammation, the effects being strain dependent. Indeed the two Lactobacillus strains significantly limited the intensity of skin inflammation both at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic observations were correlated to the histological observations and the resulting microscopic score. This limitation of the development of AD-like skin lesions involved the modulation of cytokine production. Treatment with the two Lactobacillus strains induced a decrease in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-22 and at the opposite an increase in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and also of IL-4. Globally, B. bifidum PI22 had lower benefits. These results obtained in mice suggest that L. salivarius LA307 and L. rhamnosus LA305 could be good candidates for preserving skin integrity and homeostasis via the modulation of the gut microbiota and that their use could be beneficial in dermatological conditions such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Holowacz
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - C. Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - I. Guinobert
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - A. Guilbot
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - S. Hidalgo
- Etap-Lab, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J.F. Bisson
- Etap-Lab, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Sgnotto FDR, de Oliveira MG, Lira AAL, Inoue AHS, Titz TO, Orfali RL, Bento-de-Souza L, Sato MN, Aoki V, Duarte AJS, Victor JR. IgG from atopic dermatitis patients induces IL-17 and IL-10 production in infant intrathymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:434-440. [PMID: 29355930 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our group recently demonstrated that IgG modulates αβT cell cytokine production during the maturation process in the human thymus. The effects of this modulation are IgG repertoire dependent and can exert a systemic and long-term impact. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether IgG from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients can modulate cytokine production of infant intrathymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells in vitro. METHODS Thymic tissues were obtained from newborn children from nonatopic mothers, and thymocytes were cultured for 6 days with purified IgG from AD patients or with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or mock conditions as controls. Cells were gated as double positive T cells (TDP- CD4+ CD8+ ), TCD4 cells (CD4+ CD8- ), or TCD8 cells (CD4- CD8+ ), and intracellular levels of IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to mock and IVIG culture conditions, IgG of AD individuals induced in vitro intracellular production of IL-17 and IL-10 by intrathymic TDP, TCD4, and TCD8 cells of infants. TGF-β was also detected at a higher frequency in response to AD IgG in TDP and TCD8 cells compared to mock and IVIG cultured conditions. An opposite effect was detected upon IFN-γ production in TCD4 cells, such that AD IgG reduced IFN-γ production compared to production under mock conditions but not under IVIG conditions. CONCLUSION IgG of AD patients can stimulate cytokine production in infant thymocytes and thus resembles the peripheral profile observed in adults. These findings suggest a novel mechanism that can contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio D R Sgnotto
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline A L Lira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda H S Inoue
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago O Titz
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel L Orfali
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bento-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria N Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Environmental Health, FMU, Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Umar M, Sastry KS, Al Ali F, Al-Khulaifi M, Wang E, Chouchane AI. Vitamin D and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:74-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000485132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Bergallo M, Accorinti M, Galliano I, Coppo P, Montanari P, Quaglino P, Savino F. Expression of miRNA 155, FOXP3 and ROR gamma, in children with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 155:168-172. [PMID: 29249119 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process in the skin, but its link to miRNA 155 is less known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of microRNA155, and T helper type 17 cells and Treg cells in children with atopic dermatitis. METHODS The study population consisted of: children seen for atopic dermatitis at the outpatient ambulatory of Dermatology at the Children Hospital Regina Margherita, Torino, Italy (N.=23); healthy control subjects (N.=23). Blood samples were taken during routine control analysis and the expression of miRNA 155 and the production of FOXP3 and RORγ was determined using PCR real time. RESULTS The analysis of miR-155 shows that the over-expression of miR-155 is statistically significant (P=0.0040) in the group of patients with atopic dermatitis compared to the healthy control group. Analysis of mRNAs of FOXP3 and RORγ shows a FOXP3 mRNA expression statistically higher in the group of patients (P=0.0057). The Th17 / Treg ratio is significantly smaller in patients with atopic dermatitis (P=0.0012). Also the ratio miR-155/Th17/Treg is larger in the group of patients with atopic dermatitis (P=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased miR-155 and FOXP3 and RORγ responses may provide a link to immune dysregulation associated with atopic dermatitis. Although a point-by-point correlation between miR-155 and the ratio Th17/Treg is not demonstrated, our findings shows that these two elements do not appear to be completely unrelated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Accorinti
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Coppo
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy -
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The role of regulatory T cells and genes involved in their differentiation in pathogenesis of selected inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. Part II: The Treg role in skin diseases pathogenesis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:405-417. [PMID: 29507554 PMCID: PMC5835974 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.71105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory FOXP3+ T cells (Tregs) constitute 5% to 10% of T cells in the normal human skin. They play an important role in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. The suppressive effects of these cells are exerted by various mechanisms including the direct cytotoxic effect, anti-inflammatory cytokines, metabolic disruption, and modulation of the dendritic cells function. The deficiency of Treg cells number or function are one of the basic elements of the pathogenesis of many skin diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, bacterial and viral infections. They also play a role in the pathogenesis of T cell lymphomas of the skin (cutaneous T cell lymphomas - CTCL), skin tumors and mastocytosis. Here, in the second part of the cycle, we describe dysfunctions of Tregs in selected skin diseases.
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Tan Q, Yang H, Liu E, Wang H. P38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of filaggrin and involucrin by IL‑17. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8863-8867. [PMID: 28990053 PMCID: PMC5779966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a defective skin barrier, which increases the penetration of allergens and pathogens through the skin. The role of interleukin (IL)-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the pathogenesis of AD remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of IL-17 on skin barrier proteins in the HaCaT cell line. The expression levels of filaggrin (FLG) and involucrin (IVL) were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses of the HaCaT cells following IL-17 simulation. The role of IL-17 was further examined by using small molecule inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38. Treatment of the HaCaT cells with IL-17 resulted in reduced expression levels of FLG and IVL at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the gene expression levels of FLG and IVL were significantly reduced in the HaCaT cells by IL-4. Treatment with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, SB203580 and PD98059, significantly inhibited the effects of IL-17 on the gene and protein expression levels of FLG and IVL. Finally, the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK and P38 were significantly increased following IL-17 stimulation. Taken together, the results revealed that IL-17 reduced the expression of FLG and IVL in HaCaT cells, and this effect involved the P38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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