A meta-analysis of XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism and melanoma susceptibility

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Genetic Condition Skin Cancer Correlated—A Systematic Review

Background. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of UV radiation-induced damage repair that is characterized by photosensitivity and a propensity for developing, among many others, skin cancers at an early age. This systematic review focused on the correlation between the clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of XP and skin cancer. Methods. A systematic review was conducted through a literature search of online databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Search terms were “Xeroderma pigmentosum”, “XP”, “XPC”, “Nucleotide excision repair”, “NER”, “POLH”, “Dry pigmented skin”, and “UV sensitive syndrome” meshed with the terms “Skin cancer”, “Melanoma”, and “NMSC”. Results. After 504 abstracts screening, 13 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 3 of them were excluded. Ten articles were selected for qualitative assessment. Conclusions. Patients with XP usually suffer shorter lives due to skin cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Deletion/alteration of a distinct gene allele can produce different types of cancer. The XPC and XP-E variants are more likely to have skin cancer than patients in other complement groups, and the most common cause of death for these patients is skin cancer (metastatic melanoma or invasive SCC). Still, aggressive preventative measures to minimize UV radiation exposure can retard the course of the disease and improve the quality of life.

Association of XPC Polymorphisms with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Risk: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

A number of studies have reported that the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) polymorphisms are associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) susceptibility. But the results of those studies were inconsistent. Here, we performed a study to obtain a more conclusive result on the association of XPC polymorphisms with risk of CMM.

METHODS

The XPC Lys939Gln and Ala499Val polymorphisms were genotyped in 150 CMM cases and 150 controls by PCR-RFLP assay. Subsequently, all published relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of correlation.

RESULTS

There was no significant association between XPC Lys939Gln and Ala499Val polymorphisms and CMM risk in our population. A total of 15 case-control studies including ten studies with 5,990 cases and 7,697 controls on XPC Lys939Gln and five studies with 3,139 cases and 3,721 controls on XPC Ala499Val polymorphism were selected. Pooled data revealed that XPC Lys939Gln (C vs. A: OR = 1.108, 95% CI 1.008- 1.217; P = 0.033) and Ala499Val (C vs. A: OR = 0.918, 95% CI 0.850-0.992; p = 0.031; CC+CA vs. AA: OR = 0.904, 95% CI 0.819-0.997; p = 0.043) polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of CMM. Moreover, stratified analyses by ethnicity revealed that the XPC Ala499Val and Lys939Gln polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of CMM in Caucasians and mixed populations, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis result suggested that XPC Lys939Gln and Ala499Val polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of CMM.