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Huang H, Chen M, Liu X, Xiong X, Zhou L, Su Z, Lu Y, Liang B. A novel variant in the GJB6 gene in a large Chinese family with a unique phenotype of Clouston syndrome. Front Med 2023; 17:330-338. [PMID: 36645631 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clouston syndrome (OMIM #129500), also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia type 2, is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder. To date, four mutations in the GJB6 gene, G11R, V37E, A88V, and D50N, have been confirmed to cause this condition. In previous studies, the focus has been mainly on gene sequencing, and there has been a lack of research on clinical manifestations and pathogenesis. To confirm the diagnosis of this pedigree at the molecular level and summarize and analyse the clinical phenotype of patients and to provide a basis for further study of the pathogenesis of the disease, we performed whole-exome and Sanger sequencing on a large Chinese Clouston syndrome pedigree. Detailed clinical examination included histopathology, hair microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. We found a novel heterozygous missense variant (c.134G>C:p.G45A) for Clouston syndrome. We identified a new clinical phenotype involving all nail needling pain in all patients and found a special honeycomb hole structure in the patients' hair under scanning electron microscopy. Our data reveal that a novel variant (c.134G>C:p.G45A) plays a likely pathogenic role in this pedigree and highlight that genetic testing is necessary for the diagnosis of Clouston syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Huang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230000, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230000, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Huai'an District Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Xixi Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Lanbo Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
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Liao MY, Peng H, Li LN, Yang T, Xiong SY, Ye XY. Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a Chinese pedigree: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1403-1409. [PMID: 36926140 PMCID: PMC10013106 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i6.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report on a large family of Chinese Han individuals with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) with a variation in GJB6 (c.31G>A). The patients in the family had a triad of clinical manifestations of varying degrees. Although the same variation locus have been reported, the clinical manifestations of this family were difficult to distinguish from those of congenital thick nail disorder, palmoplantar keratosis, and congenital hypotrichosis.
CASE SUMMARY This investigation involved a large Chinese family of 46 members across five generations and included 12 patients with HED. The proband (IV4) was a male patient with normal sweat gland function and dental development, no skeletal dysplasia, no cognitive disability, and no hearing impairments. His parents were not consanguineously married. Physical examination of the proband revealed thinning hair and thickened grayish-yellow nails and toenails with some longitudinal ridges, in addition to mild bilateral palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. GJB6, GJB2, and GJA1 have been reported to be the causative genes of HED; therefore, we subjected the patient’s samples to Sanger sequencing of these three genes. In this family, the variation locus was at GJB6 (c.31G>A, p.Gly11Arg). Overexpression vectors of wild-type GJB6 and its variants were established and transfected into HaCaT cell models, and the related mRNA and protein expression changes were determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.
CONCLUSION We report another HED phenotype associated with GJB6 variations, which can help clinicians to diagnose HED despite its varying presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Liao
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Long-Nian Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Yin Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
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Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Harnessing the therapeutic potential of antibodies targeting connexin hemichannels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166047. [PMID: 33418036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connexin hemichannels have been implicated in pathology-promoting conditions, including inflammation, numerous widespread human diseases, including cancer and diabetes, and several rare diseases linked to pathological point mutations. METHODS We analysed the literature focusing on antibodies capable of modulating hemichannel function, highlighting generation methods, applications to basic biomedical research and translational potential. RESULTS Anti-hemichannel antibodies generated over the past 3 decades targeted mostly connexin 43, with a focus on cancer treatment. A slow transition from relatively unselective polyclonal antibodies to more selective monoclonal antibodies resulted in few products with interesting characteristics that are under evaluation for clinical trials. Selection of antibodies from combinatorial phage-display libraries, has permitted to engineer a monoclonal antibody that binds to and blocks pathological hemichannels formed by connexin 26, 30 and 32. CONCLUSIONS All known antibodies that modulate connexin hemichannels target the two small extracellular loops of the connexin proteins. The extracellular region of different connexins is highly conserved, and few residues of each connexins are exposed. The search for new antibodies may develop an unprecedented potential for therapeutic applications, as it may benefit tremendously from novel whole-cell screening platforms that permit in situ selection of antibodies against membrane proteins in native state. The demonstrated efficacy of mAbs in reaching and modulating hemichannels in vivo, together with their relative specificity for connexins overlapping epitopes, should hopefully stimulate an interest for widening the scope of anti-hemichannel antibodies. There is no shortage of currently incurable diseases for which therapeutic intervention may benefit from anti-hemichannel antibodies capable of modulating hemichannel function selectively and specifically.
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Zhan Y, Luo S, Pi Z, Zhang G. A recurrent mutation of GJB6 in a big Chinese family with Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Hereditas 2020; 157:34. [PMID: 32843087 PMCID: PMC7446134 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare inherited syndrome characterised by nail dystrophy, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and alopecia. Four mutations (p.G11R, p.A88V, p.V37E and p.D50N) in gap junction beta 6 (GJB6) gene, which codes connexin30 protein, have been found to cause HED in different populations. Here, we reported a big Chinese family in which 24 patients over five generations were suffered with HED. Sequence analysis identified all 24 patients carry a recurrent missense mutation c.263C > T (p.A88V) in GJB6. Our results reveal gene testing of GJB6 is important for diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis and future gene treatment of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Shuaihantian Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zixin Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Kuang Y, Zorzi V, Buratto D, Ziraldo G, Mazzarda F, Peres C, Nardin C, Salvatore AM, Chiani F, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Qiang M, Chu Y, Shi X, Li Y, Liu L, Shi Y, Zonta F, Yang G, Lerner RA, Mammano F. A potent antagonist antibody targeting connexin hemichannels alleviates Clouston syndrome symptoms in mutant mice. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102825. [PMID: 32553574 PMCID: PMC7378960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous currently incurable human diseases have been causally linked to mutations in connexin (Cx) genes. In several instances, pathological mutations generate abnormally active Cx hemichannels, referred to also as "leaky" hemichannels. The goal of this study was to assay the in vivo efficacy of a potent antagonist antibody targeting Cx hemichannels. METHODS We employed the antibody to treat Cx30A88V/A88V adult mutant mice, the only available animal model of Clouston syndrome, a rare orphan disease caused by Cx30 p.A88V leaky hemichannels. To gain mechanistic insight into antibody action, we also performed patch clamp recordings, Ca2+ imaging and ATP release assay in vitro. FINDINGS Two weeks of antibody treatment sufficed to repress cell hyperproliferation in skin and reduce hypertrophic sebaceous glands (SGs) to wild type (wt) levels. These effects were obtained whether mutant mice were treated topically, by application of an antibody cream formulation, or systemically, by intraperitoneal antibody injection. Experiments with mouse primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells revealed the antibody blocked Ca2+ influx and diminished ATP release through leaky Cx30 p.A88V hemichannels. INTERPRETATION Our results show anti-Cx antibody treatment was effective in vivo and sufficient to counteract the effects of pathological connexin expression in Cx30A88V/A88V mice. In vitro experiments suggest antibodies gained control over leaky hemichannels and contributed to restoring epidermal homeostasis. Therefore, regulating cell physiology by antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of Cxs may enforce an entirely new therapeutic strategy. These findings support the further development of antibodies as drugs to address unmet medical needs for Cx-related diseases. FUND: Fondazione Telethon, GGP19148; University of Padova, SID/BIRD187130; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, DSB.AD008.370.003\TERABIO-IBCN; National Science Foundation of China, 31770776; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, 16DZ1910200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kuang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Veronica Zorzi
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Buratto
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gaia Ziraldo
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Mazzarda
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Department of Science, Roma3 University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardin
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Chiani
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Raspa
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Min Qiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youjun Chu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A..
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Cammarata-Scalisi F, Rinelli M, Pisaneschi E, Diociaiuti A, Willoughby CE, Avendaño A, Digilio MC, Novelli A, Callea M. Novel clinical features associated with Clouston syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:e143-e146. [PMID: 31165482 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cammarata-Scalisi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Martina Rinelli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pisaneschi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrea Avendaño
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Callea
- Unit of Dentistry, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
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Sukakul T, Yang H, Onoufriadis A, Hsu C, McGrath JA. Pterygium and thinning of nails as an unusual manifestation in Clouston syndrome. J Dermatol 2019; 46:e329-e330. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanisorn Sukakul
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Hsing‐San Yang
- Department of Dermatology National Cheng Kung University Hospital National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | | | - Chao‐Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology National Cheng Kung University Hospital National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - John A. McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London Guy's Hospital London UK
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Shi X, Li D, Chen M, Liu Y, Yan Q, Yu X, Zhu Y, Li Y. GJB6 mutation A88V for hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a Chinese family. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1462-1465. [PMID: 30620052 PMCID: PMC6905398 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongya Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianqiu Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Phenotypic Features and Salivary Parameters in Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia: Report of Three Cases. Case Rep Dent 2018; 2018:2409212. [PMID: 29854479 PMCID: PMC5941722 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2409212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare hereditary disorder affecting the development of ectoderm-derived organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to describe phenotypic features and the therapeutic approach in dentistry among three patients with ED, correlating their data with the literature. Additionally, to investigate the salivary gland disorders and their impacts on oral microbiota, we performed salivary tests, including salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, and concentration levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts. All patients presented oligodontia, resulting in a significant masticatory dysfunction and aesthetic impairment. The counts of mutans streptococci (n=3) and yeasts (n=2) were high; on the other hand, the count of lactobacilli (n=3) was low. Therefore, salivary and microbiological tests showed that the patients with ED, particularly the hypohidrotic type, presented a high risk of enamel caries and susceptibility to oral infections, which may be likely triggered by reduction of salivary flow and/or possible immunological disorders.
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