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Uzun S, Durdu M, Yürekli A, Mülayim MK, Akyol M, Velipaşaoğlu S, Harman M, Taylan-Özkan A, Şavk E, Demir-Dora D, Dönmez L, Gazi U, Aktaş H, Aktürk AŞ, Demir G, Göktay F, Gürel MS, Gürok NG, Karadağ AS, Küçük ÖS, Turan Ç, Ozden MG, Ural ZK, Zorbozan O, Mumcuoğlu KY. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38922701 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Scabies, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite burrowing into the skin, is a highly contagious disease characterized by intense nocturnal itching. Its global impact is considerable, affecting more than 200 million individuals annually and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Transmission occurs primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, contributing to its widespread prevalence and emergence as a substantial public health concern affecting large populations. This review presents consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing scabies, developed through the fuzzy Delphi method by dermatology, parasitology, pediatrics, pharmacology, and public health experts. The presence of burrows containing adult female mites, their eggs, and excreta is the diagnostic hallmark of scabies. Definitive diagnosis typically involves direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings obtained from these burrows, although dermoscopy has become a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Treatment modalities encompass topical agents, such as permethrin, balsam of Peru, precipitated sulfur, and benzyl benzoate. In cases where topical therapy proves inadequate or in instances of crusted scabies, oral ivermectin is recommended as a systemic treatment option. This comprehensive approach addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with scabies, optimizing patient care, and management outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Uzun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murat Durdu
- Department of Dermatology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Application and Research Center, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aslan Yürekli
- Training and Research Hospital Dermatology Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet K Mülayim
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Melih Akyol
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Velipaşaoğlu
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Harman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Taylan-Özkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekin Şavk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Devrim Demir-Dora
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Levent Dönmez
- Department of Public Health, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Umut Gazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Habibullah Aktaş
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Karabük University Faculty of Medicine, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Aysun Ş Aktürk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülay Demir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fatih Göktay
- Private Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet S Gürel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, İstanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe G Gürok
- University of Health Sciences Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ayşe S Karadağ
- Private Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem S Küçük
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Turan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Müge G Ozden
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zeynep K Ural
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orçun Zorbozan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Bakırcay University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoğlu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, the Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Increased Scabies Incidence at the Beginning of the 21st Century: What Do Reports from Europe and the World Show? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101598. [PMID: 36295033 PMCID: PMC9604680 DOI: 10.3390/life12101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reports from various countries have described increasing numbers of scabies cases, especially in the past two decades. The epidemiological data for various world regions showed prevalence estimates ranging from 0.2% to 71%, with the highest prevalence in the Pacific region and Latin America. Therefore, geographically, scabies occurs more commonly in the developing world, tropical climates, and in areas with a lack of access to water. According to results from specific regions of the world, the greatest burdens from scabies were recorded for East Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, tropical Latin America, and South Asia. Among countries with the highest rates, the top 10 were Indonesia, China, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, Fiji, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and the Seychelles. From Europe, available data shows an increasing trend in scabies infestation, particularly evident among populations with associated contributing factors, such as those who travel frequently, refugees, asylum seekers, those who regularly lack drinking water and appropriate hygiene and are of a younger age, etc. This increase in observed cases in the last 10–20 years has been evidenced by research conducted in Germany, France, Norway, and Croatia, among other countries. In addition, increased scabies transmission was also recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic and may have been the result of increased sexual intercourse during that time. Despite all the available treatment options, scabies commonly goes unrecognized and is therefore not treated accordingly. This trend calls for a prompt and synergistic reaction from all healthcare professionals, governmental institutions, and non-governmental organizations, especially in settings where population migration is common and where living standards are low. Furthermore, the proper education of whole populations and accessible healthcare are cornerstones of outbreak prevention. Accurate national data and proper disease reporting should be a goal for every country worldwide when developing strategic plans for preventing and controlling the community spread of scabies.
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GÖÇER GÜROK N. Skabies insidansında artış: üçüncü basamak, retrospektif, tek merkez çalışması. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1086638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Son yıllarda bölgemizde gözlemlediğimiz skabies olgularındaki artışı ve skabies hastalarının demografik özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elazığ Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi Dermatoloji Kliniğine Ocak 2019 ve Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve skabies tanısı alan tüm hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, vatandaşlık ve başvuru tarihleri hastane veri tabanından anonimleştirilerek elde edildi.
Bulgular: 2019-2021 yılları arasında dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuran toplam 191.925 hastanın 2.898’ine skabies tanısı kondu. Bu üç yılda gözlenen skabies hasta sıklıklarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış gösterdiği gözlendi (χ2:296.158 ; p:0.000
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe GÖÇER GÜROK
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ELAZIĞ HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, THE DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY
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Ofori-Amoah J, Ofori Addai S, Ampratwum O, Rockson Adjei M, Asare G, Adu Mensah J, Obeng A, Natogmah Z, Thomas Sevugu J, Agyemang-Duah W, Kusi J, Gumah F, Ampem Amoako Y. Scabies outbreak investigation and treatment in the Sekyere East District, Ghana: A call to end the neglect. COGENT MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2021.1964185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gideon Asare
- Surveillance, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Aziz Obeng
- Health Promotion, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Job Kusi
- Health Information, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Gumah
- Health, World Vision Ghana, World Vision Sekyere Cluster, Ghana
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