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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhou F, Li X, Lu Y, Wu F, Han Y, Liu Q, Chang S, Zhu W, Li B, Pan Y. Development and validation of a prospective questionnaire for assessing oily sensitive skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:657-667. [PMID: 38326964 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin type has a strong influence on how sensitive skin develops, with oily skin accounting for a larger proportion of sensitive skin. However, there has not been a scientifically sound questionnaire for determining oily sensitive (OS)-type skin in prior studies. OBJECTIVES In order to identify OS-type skin in the general population, we therefore intend to create an OS-type skin evaluation questionnaire, develop various thresholds through data analysis and classify skin based on two dimensions of sensitivity and oiliness. METHODS A questionnaire with questions regarding subjects' basic information, skin oiliness and skin sensitivity was given to each individual who participated in the study (n = 1297). To define the thresholds for OS-type skin, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The results of the lactic acid stinging test (LAST) and noninvasive instrument information obtained were compared with the thresholds mentioned above to verify the effectiveness of this tool. RESULTS According to the ROC curves, questionnaire cut-off values of 11.5, 20.5 and 29.5 can be used to detect mildly, moderately and severely sensitive skin, respectively. In addition, the questionnaire cut-off values of 22.5 and 31.5 can be used to detect moderately and severely oily skin, respectively. According to our study, the four sensitive-skin groups' LAST scores differed significantly from one another, while the skin sebum levels differed significantly between the three oily groups. Additionally, the EI and LAST scores were significantly correlated with skin sensitivity levels, whereas sebum, moisture and EI were positively correlated with skin oiliness levels. CONCLUSIONS We developed an OS-type skin evaluation questionnaire that has been tested and shown scientifically to be a promising method for evaluating OS-type skin and to completely examine the traits of sensitive and oily skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Junyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangni Zhou
- Shanghai Junyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Junyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Junyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Han
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing EWISH Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Chang
- Beijing EWISH Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Beijing EWISH Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanghai Junyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Lim HW, Saint Aroman M, Skayem C, Halioua B, Perez Cullell N, Ben Hayoun Y, Baissac C, Bergqvist C, Taieb C, Richard MA, Ezzedine K. Sun exposure and protection habits: Self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:2024-2033. [PMID: 38738687 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As exposure to UV radiation is the primary modifiable environmental risk factor associated with skin cancer, it remains the principal focus of most prevention strategies. Numerous sun protection campaigns have been implemented worldwide; however, their impact on the actual incidence and mortality rates of skin cancer seems to be limited. To create successful skin cancer prevention campaigns, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of individuals' attitudes and behaviours regarding sun protection. The aim of the current study was to determine and report on the prevalence of self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours regarding two of the major sun protection recommendations-avoidance of sun exposure and use of sunscreens-in an international representative sample across five continents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 countries using a web-based online survey. FINDINGS A total of 50,552 individuals, comprising 25,388 men (50.22%) and 25,164 women (49.78%), participated in the survey. Among them, 83.2% reported having been voluntarily exposed to the sun (for sun-basking reasons) at least once in the last 12 months, and 47.96% acknowledged being exposed to the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM. The primary reason for non-adherence was that these hours were the most convenient times (32.28%). Only 24.05% reported applying sunscreen every 2 h when outdoors. Forgetfulness was the primary reason as provided by 27.79% of participants. Males and older age groups were less likely to adopt sun-protective behaviours around the world. Forgetfulness and the challenges posed by time constraints seem to be the biggest barriers to proper adherence. INTERPRETATION These findings should prompt the collaboration with health authorities and the manufacturers to enhance adherence by setting reasonable sunscreen prices and creating formulations that make their application less burdensome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Charbel Skayem
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Saclay University, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Baissac
- Patient Centricity Department, Pharma, Dermocosmetics Care & Personal Care, Pierre Fabre, Paris, France
| | - Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Charles Taieb
- Patient Priority Department, European Market Maintenance Assessment, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Marie-Aleth Richard
- Dermatology Department, CEReSS-EA 3279, Research Centre in Health Services and Quality of Life Aix Marseille University, University Hospital Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France
- EA 7379 EpidermE, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
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3
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Chen X, Wen J, Wu W, Peng Q, Cui X, He L. A review of factors influencing sensitive skin: an emphasis on built environment characteristics. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1269314. [PMID: 38111482 PMCID: PMC10726041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitive skin (SS) is a condition characterized by hyperreactivity. Impacting around 37 percent of the worldwide population and exerting an influence on the quality of life for affected individuals. Its prevalence rate has increased due to factors such as elevating stress levels and deteriorating environmental conditions. The exposome factors influencing SS have extended from demographic, biological attributes, and lifestyle to external environments. Built environments (BEs) have demonstrated as root drivers for changes in behaviors and environmental exposure which have the potential to trigger SS, but the review of the associations between BEs and SS is currently lacking. Objective This review aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) Examine exposome factors that exert influence on SS at the individual and environmental levels. (2) Develop a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between BEs and SS, thereby offering valuable insights into the impact of the built environment on this condition. Methods An extensive literature search was carried out across multiple fields, including sociology, epidemiology, basic medicine, clinical medicine, and environmental research, with a focus on SS. To identify pertinent references, renowned databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were utilized. Results SS is the outcome of interactions between individual attributes and environmental factors. These influencing factors can be categorized into five distinct classes: (1) demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age, gender, and race; (2) physiological and biological attributes such as emotional changes, skin types, sleep disorders, and menstrual cycles in women; (3) behavioral factors, such as spicy diet, cosmetic use, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise; (4) natural environmental features, including climate conditions and air pollution; (5) built environmental features such as population density, green space availability, road network density, and access to public transportation, also have the potential to affect the condition. Conclusion The importance of interdisciplinary integration lies in its ability to ascertain whether and how BEs are impacting SS. By elucidating the role of BEs in conjunction with other factors in the onset of SS, we can provide guidance for future research endeavors and the formulation of interventions aimed at mitigating the prevalence of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wen
- The Centre for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuzhi Peng
- Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangfen Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Skin Health, Kunming, China
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4
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Shu X, Zhao S, Huo W, Tang Y, Zou L, Li Z, Li L, Wang X. Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2271-2281. [PMID: 36961534 PMCID: PMC10462575 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is described as an unpleasant sensory response to a stimulus that should not cause a sensation. Sensitive skin affects an increasing proportion of the population. Sixty-seven participants who tested positive to lactic acid sting test were recruited and randomized into two groups to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of a new birch juice spray for repairing sensitive skin. One group used test spray A, while the other group used spray B as a control. Both groups were sprayed six times daily for 28 days. Noninvasive testing instruments were used to measure stratum corneum hydration, sebum content, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion and current perception threshold before and after using spray. Facial images were captured by VISIA-CR, and the image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus) was used to analyze these to obtain the redness value of the facial skin. Moreover, lactic acid sting test scores and participants' self-assessments were also performed at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Both sprays A and B significantly decreased the lactic acid sting test score, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and redness, while increasing the stratum corneum hydration. Compared to spray B, spray A increased sensory nerve thresholds at 5 Hz and decreased the transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and lactic acid sting test score. Sprays containing birch juice improved cutaneous biophysical properties in participants with sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhi Zhao
- Yoseido (Shanghai) Cosmetics R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huo
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zou
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Anqi S, Xiukun S, Ai'e X. Quantitative evaluation of sensitive skin by ANTERA 3D
®
combined with GPSkin Barrier
®. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:840-845. [PMID: 36308515 PMCID: PMC9907598 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are many different evaluation methods for sensitive skin, including subjective, semisubjective, and objective evaluation. Various objective tests focus on assessing changes in barrier functions. It is anticipated that the ANTERA 3D®, in combination with GPSkin Barrier®, will provide better evaluation of sensitive skin. METHODS A total of 20 subjects with sensitive skin and 20 healthy participants were recruited. Sensitive skin subjects were treated with an anti-sensitive moisturizing tolerance-extreme cream which has anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects, twice daily on the whole face for 28 days. VISIA® Skin Detector was used to record clinical images and red area. GPSkin Barrier® was used to measure TEWL and SCH. Texture, hemoglobin, and influenced area (mm2 ) were recorded using ANTERA 3D® . Subjects underwent skin tests and recorded changes at D0 and D28. Data were only collected from healthy participants who did not receive treatment as controls. RESULTS TEWL, texture, hemoglobin, and affected area in sensitive skin group were significantly higher than those in healthy group, while SCH was significantly lower than that in healthy group (p all<0.05). After anti-inflammatory and moisturizing treatment, the texture, hemoglobin, and affected area of sensitive skin decreased, TEWL decreased while SCH increased (p all<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the combination of the ANTERA 3D® with GPSkin Barrier® could be used as a new kind of quantitative evaluation method for the detection and diagnosis of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anqi
- Department of Dermatology Hangzhou Third People's Hospital Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - S Xiukun
- Department of Dermatology Hangzhou Third People's Hospital Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - X Ai'e
- Department of Dermatology Hangzhou Third People's Hospital Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
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Psychological Aspects of Sensitive Skin: A Vicious Cycle. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive Skin Syndrome (SSS) has been the subject of intense research in the past several years. Recent reviews confirm that about 40% of the population report moderate or very sensitive skin, and an additional 30% report slightly sensitive skin. Although certain phenotypes are more susceptible, anyone can suffer from SSS and this condition can manifest in all anatomic sites. A wide variety of environmental and lifestyle factors can trigger SSS symptoms of itching, stinging, burning, pain, and tingling. In order to avoid such triggers, the SSS individuals often alter their behaviors and habits such as restricting their daily activities, and modifying the use of everyday products that non-sensitive individuals take for granted. In addition, there is an association between SSS and some common psychological problems. Sensitive skin symptoms such as itching, stinging, burning and pain can result in sleep disorders, fatigue, stress and anxiety. Conversely, lack of sleep and stress from external sources can make the SSS sufferer more prone to the symptoms. This becomes a vicious cycle that impacts consumers’ quality of life and well-being. We are beginning to understand the importance of the underlying causes that can impact skin conditions. However, in order to better understand the SSS individual, we need to also be aware of the psychological factors that can trigger and/or worsen this skin condition, as well as the psychological stresses the condition places on the individual.
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7
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Abstract
People with self-reported sensitive skin may reluctantly use performing anti-ageing skin care products as it could elicit skin discomfort. We thus aimed to design and test an anti-ageing skin care routine that is suitable for people reporting sensitive skin. Key principles for developing products for sensitive skin were applied and formulas were screened for their mildness in vitro using the Reconstructed Human Epidermis ET50 method. Anti-ageing efficacy and mildness was evaluated during a clinical study in China, with 33 female volunteers aged 40–65 years, with sensitive skin. The anti-ageing benefits were measured using Primos 3D, the cutometer and clinical evaluation. Hallmarks for sensitive skin such as skin hydration, skin barrier, skin redness and response to lactic acid were also measured. The ET50 method yielded values suggesting moderate to mild expected irritancy effect in vivo for most of them, and non-irritating effect for the serum. During the clinical study, no physical or functional signs of discomfort were reported with twice-daily usage of the routine. Instrumental evaluation of Wrinkle depth, skin elasticity/firmness, skin hydration, skin barrier and skin redness revealed improvement at 4 and 8 weeks. Clinical evaluation evidenced skin smoothness, skin suppleness and radiance improvements. The skin was less reactive to lactic acid stimuli, while the sensitive skin burden was lowered according to the dermatological quality of life index. Lastly, a separate investigation suggested the potential relief aspect of such routines to alleviate discomforts from mask wearing. With the right formulation design, the benefits of layering products from a routine can be made accessible to people with sensitive skin while simultaneously alleviating the burden of sensitive skin.
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Mann C, Wegner J, Weeß HG, Staubach P. Pathobiology of Second-Generation Antihistamines Related to Sleep in Urticaria Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030433. [PMID: 35336805 PMCID: PMC8945773 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Standard treatment options for urticaria are second-generation antihistamines; however, their effect on sleep is uncertain. This study measures the influence of different antihistamines on the biologic sleep pattern of urticaria patients and the relevance of sleep in urticaria patients. Methods: Ten patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and uncontrolled symptoms under a single dose of second-generation antihistamines were included. Two nights were monitored: the first night after 5 days on single dosage and the second night after 5 days on fourfold dosage. Patient-rated questionnaires were used and sleep was monitored using polygraphy. Results: The patients’ rated daytime sleepiness decreased (p = 0.0319), as did their insomnia severity (p = 0.0349). The urticaria control (UCT) improved (p = 0.0007), as did the quality of life (p < 0.0001). There was no significant change of nightly pruritus (p = 0.1173), but there was an improvement of daytime pruritus (p = 0.0120). A significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was seen (p = 0.0002) (from a mean of 3.9% to 14.3%). The deep sleep state (N3) also improved (8.7% to 12.3%) (p = 0.1172). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated an improvement of the sleep pattern in CSU patients under up-dosed second-generation antihistamines, without increased daytime sleepiness, alongside an improvement of urticaria symptoms and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mann
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Wegner
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Hans-Günter Weeß
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Center for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Pfalzklinikum Klingenmünster, 76889 Klingenmünster, Germany;
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.); (P.S.)
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Abstract
Sensitive skin Syndrome (SSS) is a complex global clinical phenomenon that is defined by the self-reported presence of different sensory perceptions, including tightness, stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus and often without objective signs. Due to the subjective nature of this clinical condition, the diagnosis is complex and there is often a disconnect between what subjects feel and what medical professionals can observe. This chapter reviews the known underlying physiology, some of the triggering factors associated with SSS, co-morbidities as well as the psychological impact on individuals suffering from this condition. The goal is to bridge the gap between the physicians’ understanding and the subjects’ perceptions of this real-life condition that affects so many.
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Misery L, Shourick J, Reychler G, Taieb C. Association between chronic idiopathic cough and sensitive skin syndromes is a new argument in favor of common neuropathic pathways: results from a survey on 4050 subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16976. [PMID: 34417530 PMCID: PMC8379212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin syndrome has a neuropathic origin, which is why it is frequently associated with irritable bowel syndrome. We have looked for a possible association with chronic cough, which is commonly maintained by neurogenic mechanisms, whatever the initial cause(s). A survey was carried out on a representative sample of the population over 15 years of age using the quota method. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data and questions about sensitive skin, the presence of chronic cough, smoking and possible causes of chronic cough. Chronic cough was assessed by the Leicester Cough Questionnaire, and 4050 subjects responded (mean age: 45 years). Overall, 12.2% of subjects with a chronic cough were compared to the 87.8% without any cough. Among them, 72.5% had sensitive skin (vs. 47.8%, p < 0.001); additionally, 17.4% of the subjects with sensitive skin had a chronic cough (vs. 6.9% if no sensitive skin). These proportions were higher if very sensitive skin was reported. The risk of having chronic cough was twice as high if sensitive skin was reported [OR = 1.9 (1.5-2.4), p < 0.001]. The risk of having sensitive skin was also twice as high for chronic cough. Thus, chronic cough and sensitive skin are frequently associated. This association represents a new argument in favor of a neuropathic nature of sensitive skin. Sensitive skin and chronic cough are both modes of overreaction to environmental factors, which tend to be autonomized by neurogenic mechanisms. Dermatologists should ask their patients if they have a chronic cough, and pneumologists should ask about the presence of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France.
| | | | - Grégory Reychler
- Department of Pneumology, University Clinics Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The “modern” cosmetology industry is focusing on research devoted to discovering novel neurocosmetic functional ingredients that could improve the interactions between the skin and the nervous system. Many cosmetic companies have started to formulate neurocosmetic products that exhibit their activity on the cutaneous nervous system by affecting the skin’s neuromediators through different mechanisms of action. This review aims to clarify the definition of neurocosmetics, and to describe the features of some functional ingredients and products available on the market, with a look at the regulatory aspect. The attention is devoted to neurocosmetic ingredients for combating skin stress, explaining the stress pathways, which are also correlated with skin aging. “Neuro-relaxing” anti-aging ingredients derived from plant extracts and neurocosmetic strategies to combat inflammatory responses related to skin stress are presented. Afterwards, the molecular basis of sensitive skin and the suitable neurocosmetic ingredients to improve this problem are discussed. With the aim of presenting the major application of Botox-like ingredients as the first neurocosmetics on the market, skin aging is also introduced, and its theory is presented. To confirm the efficacy of the cosmetic products on the market, the concept of cosmetic claims is discussed.
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