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Beukeboom R, Phillips JS, Ólafsdóttir GÁ, Benhaïm D. Personality in juvenile Atlantic cod ecotypes and implications for fisheries management. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9952. [PMID: 37091554 PMCID: PMC10116030 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals show among-individual variation in behaviors, including migration behaviors, which are often repeatable across time periods and contexts, commonly termed "personality." These behaviors can be correlated, forming a behavioral syndrome. In this study, we assessed the repeatability and correlation of different behavioral traits, i.e., boldness, exploration, and sociality, and the link to feeding migration patterns in Atlantic cod juveniles. To do so, we collected repeated measurements within two short-term (3 days) and two long-term (2 months) intervals of these personality traits and genotypes of the Pan I locus, which is correlated with feeding migration patterns in this species. We found high repeatabilities for exploration behavior in the short- and long-term intervals, and a trend for the relationship between exploration and the Pan I locus. Boldness and sociality were only repeatable in the second short-term interval indicating a possible development of stability over time and did not show a relation with the Pan I locus. We found no indication of behavioral syndromes among the studied traits. We were unable to identify the existence of a migration syndrome for the frontal genotype, which is the reason that the link between personality and migration remains inconclusive, but we demonstrated a possible link between exploration and the Pan I genotype. This supports the need for further research that should focus on the effect of exploration tendency and other personality traits on cod movement, including the migratory (frontal) ecotype to develop management strategies based on behavioral units, rather than treating the population as a single homogeneous stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Beukeboom
- Research Centre of the WestfjordsUniversity of IcelandBolungarvikIceland
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish BiologyHólar UniversitySaudárkrókurIceland
| | - Joseph S. Phillips
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish BiologyHólar UniversitySaudárkrókurIceland
- Department of BiologyCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish BiologyHólar UniversitySaudárkrókurIceland
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2
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Swaegers J, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Carbonell JA, Stoks R. Convergence of life history and physiology during range expansion toward the phenotype of the native sister species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151530. [PMID: 34762959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our globally changing planet many species show range expansions whereby they encounter new thermal regimes that deviate from those of their source region. Pressing questions are to what extent and through which mechanisms, plasticity and/or evolution, species respond to the new thermal regimes and whether these trait changes are adaptive. Using a common-garden experiment, we tested for plastic and evolutionary trait changes in life history and a set of understudied biochemical/physiological traits during the range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into a warmer region in Spain. To assess the adaptiveness of the trait changes we used the phenotype of its native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. While our design cannot fully exclude maternal effects, our results suggest that edge populations adapted to the local conditions in the newly invaded region through the evolution of a faster pace-of-life (faster development and growth rates), a smaller body size, a higher energy budget and increased expression levels of the heat shock gene DnaJ. Notably, based on convergence toward the phenotype of the native sister species and its thermal responses, and the fit with predictions of life history theory these potential evolutionary changes were likely adaptive. Nevertheless, the convergence toward the native sister species is incomplete for thermal plasticity in traits associated with anaerobic metabolism and melanization. Our results highlight that evolution might at least partly contribute in an adaptive way to the persistence of populations during range expansion into new thermal environments and should be incorporated when predicting and understanding species' range expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| | | | - José A Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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3
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Yamada H, Wada S. Morphological evolution reduces downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon. Evolution 2021; 75:1850-1861. [PMID: 34080690 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe flooding often leads to downstream displacement of aquatic animals. Despite this, many salmonid populations persist in habitats located upstream of tall barriers, such as artificial check dams and/or natural waterfalls, that completely block fishes from returning to the upstream areas after flooding. The evolution of such populations may be affected by spatial sorting due to differential rates of downstream displacement. This study examined whether a morphological trait (increased body depth) that allows individuals to better maintain their position during flooding has evolved in juvenile amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae inhabiting above-barrier habitats in two rivers. In both rivers, juveniles collected at the stations with multiple downstream barriers had deeper bodies than those collected at other stations. Similar differences were found in juveniles reared in a common-garden experiment. Field experiments with natural flooding also indicated that deep bodies help juveniles resist downstream displacement. These results consistently suggest that juveniles in some above-barrier habitats have evolved deep bodies to resist downstream displacement due to flooding. Our study is the first to show the evolutionary outcomes of passive spatial sorting during severe climate events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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4
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Martin Y, Titeux N, Van Dyck H. Range expansion, habitat use, and choosiness in a butterfly under climate change: Marginality and tolerance of oviposition site selection. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2336-2345. [PMID: 33717459 PMCID: PMC7920772 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleward range shifts under climate change involve the colonization of new sites and hence the foundation of new populations at the expanding edge. We studied oviposition site selection in a butterfly under range expansion (Lycaena dispar), a key process for the establishment of new populations. We described and compared the microhabitats used by the species for egg laying with those available across the study sites both in edge and in core populations. We carried out an ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) to estimate (1) the variety of microhabitats used by the butterfly for egg laying (tolerance) and (2) the extent to which these selected microhabitats deviated from those available (marginality). Microhabitat availability was similar in edge and core populations. Ambient temperature recorded at the site level above the vegetation was on average lower at core populations. In contrast with what is often assumed, edge populations did not have narrower microhabitat use compared to core populations. Females in edge populations even showed a higher degree of generalism: They laid eggs under a wider range of microhabitats. We suggest that this pattern could be related to an overrepresentation of fast deciding personalities in edge populations. We also showed that the thermal time window for active female behavior was reduced in edge populations, which could significantly decrease the time budget for oviposition and decrease the threshold of acceptance during microhabitat selection for oviposition in recently established populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Martin
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation GroupEarth and Life InstituteUCLouvain (Université Catholique de Louvain)Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
- Observatory for ClimateEnvironment and BiodiversityEnvironmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Nicolas Titeux
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation GroupEarth and Life InstituteUCLouvain (Université Catholique de Louvain)Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
- Observatory for ClimateEnvironment and BiodiversityEnvironmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Hans Van Dyck
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation GroupEarth and Life InstituteUCLouvain (Université Catholique de Louvain)Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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5
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Berger-Tal O, Saltz D. Invisible barriers: anthropogenic impacts on inter- and intra-specific interactions as drivers of landscape-independent fragmentation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180049. [PMID: 31352896 PMCID: PMC6710564 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenically induced fragmentation constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. Presently, conservation research and actions focus predominantly on fragmentation caused directly by physical transformation of the landscape (e.g. deforestation, agriculture, urbanization, roads, etc.). While there is no doubt that landscape features play a key role in fragmenting populations or enhancing connectivity, fragmentation may also come about by processes other than the transformation of the landscape and which may not be readily visible. Such landscape-independent fragmentation (LIF) usually comes about when anthropogenic disturbance alters the inter- and intra-specific interactions among and within species. LIF and its drivers have received little attention in the scientific literature and in the management of wildlife populations. We discuss three major classes of LIF processes and their relevance for the conservation and management of species and habitats: (i) interspecific dispersal dependency, in which populations of species that rely on other species for transport and propagation become fragmented as the transporting species declines; (ii) interspecific avoidance induction, where species are excluded from habitats and corridors owing to interspecific interactions resulting from anthropogenically induced changes in community structure (e.g. exclusions by increased predation pressure); and (iii) intraspecific behavioural divergence, where populations become segregated owing to anthropogenically induced behavioural differentiation among them. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Berger-Tal
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - David Saltz
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
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6
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Jan PL, Lehnen L, Besnard AL, Kerth G, Biedermann M, Schorcht W, Petit EJ, Le Gouar P, Puechmaille SJ. Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190384. [PMID: 31288708 PMCID: PMC6650714 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life-history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture-mark-recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life-history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-L. Jan
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - L. Lehnen
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A.-L. Besnard
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - G. Kerth
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Biedermann
- Interessengemeinschaft für Fledermausschutz und -forschung Thüringen (IFT) e.V., Bad Liebenstein, Germany
| | - W. Schorcht
- Nachtaktiv- Biologists for Bat research GbR, Germany
| | - E. J. Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - P. Le Gouar
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université Rennes 1, Station Biologique, Paimpont, France
| | - S. J. Puechmaille
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Le Roy C, Debat V, Llaurens V. Adaptive evolution of butterfly wing shape: from morphology to behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1261-1281. [PMID: 30793489 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape diversification remains a challenge for evolutionary biologists. Ascertaining how natural selection influences wing shape evolution requires both functional studies linking morphology to flight performance, and ecological investigations linking performance in the wild with fitness. However, direct links between morphological variation and fitness have rarely been established. The functional morphology of butterfly flight has been investigated but selective forces acting on flight behaviour and associated wing shape have received less attention. Here, we attempt to estimate the ecological relevance of morpho-functional links established through biomechanical studies in order to understand the evolution of butterfly wing morphology. We survey the evidence for natural and sexual selection driving wing shape evolution in butterflies, and discuss how our functional knowledge may allow identification of the selective forces involved, at both the macro- and micro-evolutionary scales. Our review shows that although correlations between wing shape variation and ecological factors have been established at the macro-evolutionary level, the underlying selective pressures often remain unclear. We identify the need to investigate flight behaviour in relevant ecological contexts to detect variation in fitness-related traits. Identifying the selective regime then should guide experimental studies towards the relevant estimates of flight performance. Habitat, predators and sex-specific behaviours are likely to be major selective forces acting on wing shape evolution in butterflies. Some striking cases of morphological divergence driven by contrasting ecology involve both wing and body morphology, indicating that their interactions should be included in future studies investigating co-evolution between morphology and flight behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Roy
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier CP50, 75005, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Violaine Llaurens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier CP50, 75005, Paris, France
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8
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Reim E, Baguette M, Günter F, Fischer K. Emigration propensity and flight performance are decoupled in a butterfly. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Reim
- Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald University Soldmannstraße 14 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Michel Baguette
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle UMR 7205 Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité 57 Rue Cuvier 75005 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Franziska Günter
- Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald University Soldmannstraße 14 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald University Soldmannstraße 14 17489 Greifswald Germany
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