1
|
Klimov PB, He Q. Predicting host range expansion in parasitic mites using a global mammalian-acarine dataset. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5431. [PMID: 38926409 PMCID: PMC11208579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-host parasites pose greater health risks to wildlife, livestock, and humans than single-host parasites, yet our understanding of how ecological and biological factors influence a parasite's host range remains limited. Here, we assemble the largest and most complete dataset on permanently parasitic mammalian mites and build a predictive model assessing the probability of single-host parasites to become multi-hosts, while accounting for potentially unobserved host-parasite links and class imbalance. This model identifies statistically significant predictors related to parasites, hosts, climate, and habitat disturbance. The most important predictors include the parasite's contact level with the host immune system and two variables characterizing host phylogenetic similarity and spatial co-distribution. Our model reveals an overrepresentation of mites associated with Rodentia (rodents), Chiroptera (bats), and Carnivora in the multi-host risk group. This highlights both the potential vulnerability of these hosts to parasitic infestations and the risk of serving as reservoirs of parasites for new hosts. In addition, we find independent macroevolutionary evidence that supports our prediction of several single-host species of Notoedres, the bat skin parasites, to be in the multi-host risk group, demonstrating the forecasting potential of our model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Klimov
- Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| | - Qixin He
- Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez CA, Delesalle VA, Krukonis GP, DeCurzio JM, Koskella B. Genomic and phenotypic signatures of bacteriophage coevolution with the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e16850. [PMID: 36651263 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The rate and trajectory of evolution in an obligate parasite is critically dependent on those of its host(s). Adaptation to a genetically homogeneous host population should theoretically result in specialization, while adaptation to an evolving host population (i.e., coevolution) can result in various outcomes including diversification, range expansion, and/or local adaptation. For viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages, or phages), our understanding of how evolutionary history of the bacterial host(s) impacts viral genotypic and phenotypic evolution is currently limited. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing and two different metrics of phage impacts to compare the genotypes and phenotypes of lytic phages that had either coevolved with or were repeatedly passaged on an unchanging (ancestral) strain of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Genomes of coevolved phages had more mutations than those of phages passaged on a constant host, and most mutations were in genes encoding phage tail-associated proteins. Phages from both passaging treatments shared some phenotypic outcomes, including range expansion and divergence across replicate populations, but coevolved phages were more efficient at reducing population growth (particularly of sympatric coevolved hosts). Genotypic similarity correlated with infectivity profile similarity in coevolved phages, but not in phages passaged on the ancestral host. Overall, while adaptation to either host type (coevolving or ancestral) led to divergence in phage tail proteins and infectivity patterns, coevolution led to more rapid molecular changes that increased bacterial killing efficiency and had more predictable effects on infectivity range. Together, these results underscore the important role of hosts in driving viral evolution and in shaping the genotype-phenotype relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hernandez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Greg P Krukonis
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna M DeCurzio
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, Berkeley, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duckett M, Taylor MN, Bowman C, Vega NM. Parallel evolution of alternate morphotypes of Chryseobacterium gleum during experimental evolution with Caenorhabditis elegans. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae039. [PMID: 38549432 PMCID: PMC11004935 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial evolution within polymicrobial communities is a complex process. Here, we report within-species diversification within multispecies microbial communities during experimental evolution with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We describe morphological diversity in the target species Chryseobacterium gleum, which developed a novel colony morphotype in a small number of replicate communities. Alternate morphotypes coexisted with original morphotypes in communities, as well as in single-species experiments using evolved isolates. We found that the original and alternate morphotypes differed in motility and in spatial expansion in the presence of C. elegans. This study provides insight into the emergence and maintenance of intraspecies diversity in the context of microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Duckett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Megan N Taylor
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Claire Bowman
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Nic M Vega
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Du J, Wang P, Wang P, Liu Z, Yao Z, Zhao S, Xi H. Identification and genetic diversity analysis of broomrape in Xinjiang, China. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:326. [PMID: 38393610 PMCID: PMC10891240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a holoparasitic weed, broomrape has seriously threatened the production of economically important crops, such as melon, watermelon, processed tomato, and sunflower, in Xinjiang in recent years. However, the distribution and genetic diversity of broomrape populations in Xinjiang are not clear at present, which hinders their prevention and control. The purpose of this study was to identify the main species and the genetic differentiation structure of the broomrape population in Xinjiang. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, 93 samples from different geographic regions of Xinjiang were collected to identify the species based on ITS and plastid rps2 regions, and the samples were also used to analyze the genetic diversity based on ISSR markers. The results showed that broomrape is not monophyletic in Xinjiang and consists of two major clades (Orobanche cf. aegyptiaca and O. cernua) and three subclades (O. cf. aegyptiaca var. tch, O. cf. aegyptiaca var. klz, and O. cernua.var. alt) based on phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the results of the genetic diversity analysis indicated that the average polymorphic information content and marker index were high values of 0.58 and 7.38, respectively, showing the efficiency of the ISSR markers in detecting polymorphism among the broomrape population studied. Additionally, the 11 selected primers produced 154 repeatable polymorphic bands, of which 150 were polymorphic. The genetic diversity of the samples was 37.19% within populations and 62.81% among the populations, indicating that the main genetic differentiation occurred among the populations. There was less gene exchange between populations, with a gene flow index (Nm) of 0.2961 (< 1). The UPGMA dendrogram indicated that most populations with similar geographical conditions and hosts were clustered first, and then all samples were separated into two major groups and seven subclusters. CONCLUSION The broomrapes are mainly O. cf. aegyptiaca and O. cernua in Xinjiang, which were separated into two major groups and seven subclusters based on ISSR markers. Our results provide a theoretical basis for breeding broomrape-resistant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Zhang
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hui Xi
- College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hendrick GC, Nicholson MD, Pagan JA, Artim JM, Dolan MC, Sikkel PC. Blood meal identification reveals extremely broad host range and host-bias in a temporary ectoparasite of coral reef fishes. Oecologia 2023; 203:349-360. [PMID: 37951847 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Appreciation for the role of cryptofauna in ecological systems has increased dramatically over the past decade. The impacts blood-feeding arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitos, have on terrestrial communities are the subject of hundreds of papers annually. However, blood-feeding arthropods have been largely ignored in marine environments. Gnathiid isopods, often referred to as "ticks of the sea", are temporary external parasites of fishes. They are found in all marine environments and have many consequential impacts on host fitness. Because they are highly mobile and only associated with their hosts while obtaining a blood meal, their broader trophic connections are difficult to discern. Conventional methods rely heavily on detecting gnathiids on wild-caught fishes. However, this approach typically yields few gnathiids and does not account for hosts that avoid capture. To overcome this limitation, we sequenced blood meals of free-living gnathiids collected in light traps to assess the host range and community-dependent exploitation of Caribbean gnathiid isopods. Using fish-specific COI (cox1) primers, sequencing individual blood meals from 1060 gnathiids resulted in the identification of 70 host fish species from 27 families. Comparisons of fish assemblages to blood meal identification frequencies at four collection sites indicated that fishes within the families Haemulidae (grunts) and Lutjanidae (snappers) were exploited more frequently than expected based on their biomass, and Labrid parrotfishes were exploited less frequently than expected. The broad host range along with the biased exploitation of diel-migratory species has important implications for the role gnathiid isopods play in Caribbean coral reef communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Hendrick
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Nicholson
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Andres Pagan
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO - Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - John M Artim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Maureen C Dolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Paul C Sikkel
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Water Research Group, Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taylor M, Janasky L, Vega N. Convergent structure with divergent adaptations in combinatorial microbiome communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6726631. [PMID: 36170949 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of replicate microbial communities frequently produces shared trajectories of community composition and structure. However, divergent adaptation of individual community members can occur and is associated with community-level divergence. The extent to which community-based adaptation of microbes should be convergent when community members are similar but not identical is, therefore, not well-understood. In these experiments, adaptation of combinatorial minimal communities of bacteria with the model host Caenorhabditis elegans produces structurally similar communities over time, but with divergent adaptation of member taxa and differences in community-level resistance to invasion. These results indicate that community-based adaptation from taxonomically similar starting points can produce compositionally similar communities that differ in traits of member taxa and in ecological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Taylor
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Lili Janasky
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Nic Vega
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.,Physics Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Navarro R, Ambrós S, Butković A, Carrasco JL, González R, Martínez F, Wu B, Elena SF. Defects in Plant Immunity Modulate the Rates and Patterns of RNA Virus Evolution. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac059. [PMID: 35821716 PMCID: PMC9272744 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that host genetic variability for susceptibility to infection conditions virus evolution. Differences in host susceptibility can drive a virus to diversify into strains that track different defense alleles (e.g. antigenic diversity) or to infect only the most susceptible genotypes. Here, we have studied how variability in host defenses determines the evolutionary fate of a plant RNA virus. We performed evolution experiments with Turnip mosaic potyvirus in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that had disruptions in infection-response signaling pathways or in genes whose products are essential for potyvirus infection. Plant genotypes were classified into five phenogroups according to their response to infection. We found that evolution proceeded faster in more restrictive hosts than in more permissive ones. Most of the phenotypic differences shown by the ancestral virus across host genotypes were removed after evolution, suggesting the combined action of selection and chance. When all evolved viral lineages were tested in all plant genotypes used in the experiments, we found compelling evidences that the most restrictive plant genotypes selected for more generalist viruses, while more permissive genotypes selected for more specialist viruses. Sequencing the genomes of the evolved viral lineages, we found that selection targeted the multifunctional genome-linked protein VPg in most host genotypes. Overall, this work illustrates how different host defenses modulate the rates and extent of virus evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Silvia Ambrós
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Anamarija Butković
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - José L Carrasco
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Rubén González
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Beilei Wu
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València) , Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
- The Santa Fe Institute , Santa Fe NM87501, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewis JA, Penley MJ, Sylla H, Ahumada SD, Morran LT. Antagonistic Coevolution Limits the Range of Host Defense in C. elegans Populations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.758745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host populations often evolve defenses against parasites due to the significant fitness costs imposed by infection. However, adaptation to a specific parasite may alter the effectiveness of the host’s defenses in general. Consequently, the specificity of host defense may be influenced by a host population’s evolutionary history with parasites. Further, the degree of reciprocal change within an interaction may profoundly alter the range of host defense, given that antagonistic coevolutionary interactions are predicted to favor defense against specific parasite genotypes. Here, we examined the effect of host evolutionary history on host defense range by assessing the mortality rates of Caenorhabditis elegans host populations exposed to an array of Serratia marcescens bacterial parasite strains. Importantly, each of the host populations were derived from the same genetic background but have different experimental evolution histories with parasites. Each of these histories (exposure to either heat-killed, fixed genotype, or coevolving parasites) carries a different level of evolutionary reciprocity. Overall, we observed an effect of host evolutionary history in that previously coevolved host populations were generally the most susceptible to novel parasite strains. This data demonstrates that host evolutionary history can have a significant impact on host defense, and that host-parasite coevolution can increase host susceptibility to novel parasites.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gibson AK. Genetic diversity and disease: The past, present, and future of an old idea. Evolution 2022; 76:20-36. [PMID: 34796478 PMCID: PMC9064374 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Why do infectious diseases erupt in some host populations and not others? This question has spawned independent fields of research in evolution, ecology, public health, agriculture, and conservation. In the search for environmental and genetic factors that predict variation in parasitism, one hypothesis stands out for its generality and longevity: genetically homogeneous host populations are more likely to experience severe parasitism than genetically diverse populations. In this perspective piece, I draw on overlapping ideas from evolutionary biology, agriculture, and conservation to capture the far-reaching implications of the link between genetic diversity and disease. I first summarize the development of this hypothesis and the results of experimental tests. Given the convincing support for the protective effect of genetic diversity, I then address the following questions: (1) Where has this idea been put to use, in a basic and applied sense, and how can we better use genetic diversity to limit disease spread? (2) What new hypotheses does the established disease-diversity relationship compel us to test? I conclude that monitoring, preserving, and augmenting genetic diversity is one of our most promising evolutionarily informed strategies for buffering wild, domesticated, and human populations against future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kyle Gibson
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22903
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rebolleda-Gómez M, Shaw RG. Society for the study of evolution at 75 years: Introduction to the symposium papers. Evolution 2022; 76:4-5. [PMID: 34978723 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Host genotype and genetic diversity shape the evolution of a novel bacterial infection. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2146-2157. [PMID: 33603148 PMCID: PMC8245636 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens continue to emerge from increased contact with novel host species. Whilst these hosts can represent distinct environments for pathogens, the impacts of host genetic background on how a pathogen evolves post-emergence are unclear. In a novel interaction, we experimentally evolved a pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) in populations of wild nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) to test whether host genotype and genetic diversity affect pathogen evolution. After ten rounds of selection, we found that pathogen virulence evolved to vary across host genotypes, with differences in host metal ion acquisition detected as a possible driver of increased host exploitation. Diverse host populations selected for the highest levels of pathogen virulence, but infectivity was constrained, unlike in host monocultures. We hypothesise that population heterogeneity might pool together individuals that contribute disproportionately to the spread of infection or to enhanced virulence. The genomes of evolved populations were sequenced, and it was revealed that pathogens selected in distantly-related host genotypes diverged more than those in closely-related host genotypes. S. aureus nevertheless maintained a broad host range. Our study provides unique empirical insight into the evolutionary dynamics that could occur in other novel infections of wildlife and humans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Naldoni J, Okamura B, Hartikainen H, Corrêa LL, Adriano EA. Broad but restricted detection of malacosporeans in a Neotropical cradle of diversification. Parasitology 2021; 148:511-518. [PMID: 33298205 PMCID: PMC10950377 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study undertook the first investigation of malacosporean infections in Neotropical fish. We used polymerase chain reaction detection with a primer set generally targeting known malacosporeans to assay for infection in the kidney of 146 fish in 21 species belonging to 12 families collected from two areas in the Amazon Basin. Infections were found in 13 fish variously belonging to seven species in six families and included the first identification of a malacosporean infection in cartilaginous fish (a freshwater stingray). Based on ssrDNA, all infections represented a single Buddenbrockia species (Buddenbrockia sp. E) that demonstrates an exceptionally broad range of fish species infected, and countered our expectations of high Neotropical malacosporean diversity. Infections were characterized at varying and often high prevalences in fish species but sample sizes were small. Ascertaining whether highly divergent malacosporeans have not been detected by current primers, and more comprehensive sampling may reveal whether malacosporeans are truly as species poor in the Amazon Basin as present data suggest. Our results prompt speculations about evolutionary scenarios including introduction via marine incursions and patterns of host use over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Naldoni
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, LondonSW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lincoln L. Corrêa
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Edson A. Adriano
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lievens EJP, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. Trait‐specific trade‐offs prevent niche expansion in two parasites. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1704-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva J. P. Lievens
- CEFE, CNRS Univ MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry Montpellier 3EPHEIRD Montpellier France
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC Univ MontpellierCNRSIRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Yannis Michalakis
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC Univ MontpellierCNRSIRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Centre of Research in Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES) Montpellier France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- CEFE, CNRS Univ MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry Montpellier 3EPHEIRD Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gibson AK, White PS, Penley MJ, de Roode JC, Morran LT. An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes. Biol Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A core hypothesis in coevolutionary theory proposes that parasites adapt to specifically infect common host genotypes. Under this hypothesis, parasites function as agents of negative frequency-dependent selection, favouring rare host genotypes. This parasite-mediated advantage of rarity is key to the idea that parasites maintain genetic variation and select for outcrossing in host populations. Here, we report the results of an experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes. We selected the bacterial parasite
Serratia marcescens
to kill
Caenorhabdiis elegans
hosts in uneven mixtures of host genotypes. To examine the effect of commonness itself, independent of host identity, each of four host genotypes was represented as common or rare in experimental host mixtures. After experimental selection, we evaluated a parasite line's change in virulence—the selected fitness trait—on its rare and common host genotypes. Our results were consistent with a slight advantage for rare host genotypes: on average, parasites lost virulence against rare genotypes but not against common genotypes. The response varied substantially, however, with distinct patterns across host genotype mixtures. These findings support the potential for parasites to impose negative frequency-dependent selection, while emphasizing that the cost of being common may vary with host genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Gibson
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P. Signe White
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | | | - Levi T. Morran
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|