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Ryu T, Okamoto K, Ansai S, Nakao M, Kumar A, Iguchi T, Ogino Y. Gene Duplication of Androgen Receptor As An Evolutionary Driving Force Underlying the Diversity of Sexual Characteristics in Teleost Fishes. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:68-76. [PMID: 38587519 DOI: 10.2108/zs230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism allows species to meet their fitness optima based on the physiological availability of each sex. Although intralocus sexual conflict appears to be a genetic constraint for the evolution of sex-specific traits, sex-linked genes and the regulation of sex steroid hormones contribute to resolving this conflict by allowing sex-specific developments. Androgens and their receptor, androgen receptor (Ar), regulate male-biased phenotypes. In teleost fish, ar ohnologs have emerged as a result of teleost-specific whole genome duplication (TSGD). Recent studies have highlighted the evolutionary differentiation of ar ohnologs responsible for the development of sexual characteristics, which sheds light on the need for comparative studies on androgen regulation among different species. In this review, we discuss the importance of ar signaling as a regulator of male-specific traits in teleost species because teleost species are suitable experimental models for comparative studies owing to their great diversity in male-biased morphological and physiological traits. To date, both in vivo and in vitro studies on teleost ar ohnologs have shown a substantial influence of ars as a regulator of male-specific reproductive traits such as fin elongation, courtship behavior, and nuptial coloration. In addition to these sexual characteristics, ar substantially influences immunity, inducing a sex-biased immune response. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of teleost ar studies and emphasizes the potential of teleost fishes, given their availability, to find molecular evidence about what gives rise to the spectacular diversity among fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ryu
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keigo Okamoto
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Genome Editing Breeding, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nakao
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Anu Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, CSIRO Environment, PMB2, Glen Osmond, 5064 South Australia, Australia
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan,
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Evolutionary differentiation of androgen receptor is responsible for sexual characteristic development in a teleost fish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1428. [PMID: 36918573 PMCID: PMC10014959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes exhibit complex sexual characteristics in response to androgens, such as fin enlargement and courtship display. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their evolutionary acquisition remain largely unknown. To address this question, we analyse medaka (Oryzias latipes) mutants deficient in teleost-specific androgen receptor ohnologs (ara and arb). We discovered that neither ar ohnolog was required for spermatogenesis, whilst they appear to be functionally redundant for the courtship display in males. However, both were required for reproductive success: ara for tooth enlargement and the reproductive behaviour eliciting female receptivity, arb for male-specific fin morphogenesis and sexual motivation. We further showed that differences between the two ar ohnologs in their transcription, cellular localisation of their encoded proteins, and their downstream genetic programmes could be responsible for the phenotypic diversity between the ara and arb mutants. These findings suggest that the ar ohnologs have diverged in two ways: first, through the loss of their roles in spermatogenesis and second, through gene duplication followed by functional differentiation that has likely resolved the pleiotropic roles derived from their ancestral gene. Thus, our results provide insights into how genome duplication impacts the massive diversification of sexual characteristics in the teleost lineage.
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Charlesworth D. Why and how do Y chromosome stop recombining? J Evol Biol 2023; 36:632-636. [PMID: 36683363 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ansai S, Mochida K, Fujimoto S, Mokodongan DF, Sumarto BKA, Masengi KWA, Hadiaty RK, Nagano AJ, Toyoda A, Naruse K, Yamahira K, Kitano J. Genome editing reveals fitness effects of a gene for sexual dichromatism in Sulawesian fishes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1350. [PMID: 33649298 PMCID: PMC7921647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection drives rapid phenotypic diversification of mating traits. However, we know little about the causative genes underlying divergence in sexually selected traits. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of male mating trait diversification in the medaka fishes (genus Oryzias) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using linkage mapping, transcriptome analysis, and genome editing, we identify csf1 as a causative gene for red pectoral fins that are unique to male Oryzias woworae. A cis-regulatory mutation enables androgen-induced expression of csf1 in male fins. csf1-knockout males have reduced red coloration and require longer for mating, suggesting that coloration can contribute to male reproductive success. Contrary to expectations, non-red males are more attractive to a predatory fish than are red males. Our results demonstrate that integrating genomics with genome editing enables us to identify causative genes underlying sexually selected traits and provides a new avenue for testing theories of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ansai
- grid.288127.60000 0004 0466 9350Ecological Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan ,grid.419396.00000 0004 0618 8593Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Present Address: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Koji Mochida
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujimoto
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan ,grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Present Address: Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
| | - Daniel F. Mokodongan
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan ,grid.249566.a0000 0004 0644 6054Present Address: Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Zoology Division of Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Kreshna Adhitya Sumarto
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kawilarang W. A. Masengi
- grid.412381.d0000 0001 0702 3254Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Renny K. Hadiaty
- grid.249566.a0000 0004 0644 6054Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- grid.440926.d0000 0001 0744 5780Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- grid.288127.60000 0004 0466 9350Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- grid.419396.00000 0004 0618 8593Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamahira
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- grid.288127.60000 0004 0466 9350Ecological Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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Furman BLS, Cauret CMS, Knytl M, Song XY, Premachandra T, Ofori-Boateng C, Jordan DC, Horb ME, Evans BJ. A frog with three sex chromosomes that co-mingle together in nature: Xenopus tropicalis has a degenerate W and a Y that evolved from a Z chromosome. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009121. [PMID: 33166278 PMCID: PMC7652241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many species, sexual differentiation is a vital prelude to reproduction, and disruption of this process can have severe fitness effects, including sterility. It is thus interesting that genetic systems governing sexual differentiation vary among-and even within-species. To understand these systems more, we investigated a rare example of a frog with three sex chromosomes: the Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that natural populations from the western and eastern edges of Ghana have a young Y chromosome, and that a male-determining factor on this Y chromosome is in a very similar genomic location as a previously known female-determining factor on the W chromosome. Nucleotide polymorphism of expressed transcripts suggests genetic degeneration on the W chromosome, emergence of a new Y chromosome from an ancestral Z chromosome, and natural co-mingling of the W, Z, and Y chromosomes in the same population. Compared to the rest of the genome, a small sex-associated portion of the sex chromosomes has a 50-fold enrichment of transcripts with male-biased expression during early gonadal differentiation. Additionally, X. tropicalis has sex-differences in the rates and genomic locations of recombination events during gametogenesis that are similar to at least two other Xenopus species, which suggests that sex differences in recombination are genus-wide. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations associated with recombination suppression on sex chromosomes, demonstrate that several characteristics of old and established sex chromosomes (e.g., nucleotide divergence, sex biased expression) can arise well before sex chromosomes become cytogenetically distinguished, and show how these characteristics can have lingering consequences that are carried forward through sex chromosome turnovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. S. Furman
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Caroline M. S. Cauret
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Knytl
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 7 Vinicna Street, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Xue-Ying Song
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tharindu Premachandra
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Danielle C. Jordan
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Marko E. Horb
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Ben J. Evans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
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